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Volume 74, Issue 4
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE (ENGLISH)
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Yoshinori Nakao, Tomoaki Taira, Shosaku Horiuchi, Kenji Kawase, Yasuhi ...2005 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 275-280
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe male and female trees of Ginkgo biloba can only be distinguished by studying the morphology of reproductive organs. This study was undertaken to investigate the chromosomal differences between the sexes of this dioecious species. The somatic chromosome number of the male and female trees is 24 (2n=24). The difference in the karyotype of the male and female trees was observed in the number of satellite chromosomes. There were three in the male and four in the female trees. The satellites were observed on the two largest metacentric chromosomes in both male and female trees, whereas only one sub-metacentric chromosome in the male and two sub-metacentric chromosomes in the female tree. Chromosomes stained with chromomycin A3 (CMA), exhibited yellow bands near the terminal of the short arms of the two largest metacentric chromosomes and the long arms of two sub-metacentric chromosomes in the male as well as the female trees. Utilizing fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with rDNA as probe, the signals were observed at the same four positions in both the male and female trees. Hence, the discrimination of male and female trees at the chromosome level can only be made on the basis of the number of satellites.View full abstractDownload PDF (2102K) -
Masaki Yahata, Hironori Kurogi, Hisato Kunitake, Katsuya Nagano, Tsuto ...2005 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 281-288
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo evaluate the reproductive potential of female and male gametes in a haploid plant derived from seedlings of ‘Banpeiyu’ pummelo, we performed crosses between the haploid and several diploid citrus cultivars. In the crosses with the diploid cultivars as pollen parents, no fruit set on the haploid in all cross combinations. However, developed seeds were obtained in four cross combinations, when some monoembryonic diploid cultivars were pollinated with pollen of the haploid. These seeds germinated normally and developed into diploid, vigorous seedlings with large wing leaves, typical of ‘Banpeiyu’ pummelo. Furthermore, the hybridity of a seedling obtained from the cross between ‘Kiyomi’ tangor and the haploid was confirmed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and chromosome composition by chromomycin A3 (CMA) staining. These results suggest that the haploid produced fertile pollen grains (n=9).View full abstractDownload PDF (1128K) -
Hiromasa Sawada, Shigeharu Takeuchi, Katsutoshi Matsumoto, Hiroyuki Ha ...2005 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 289-294
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFour allelic genes, L1, L2, L3 and L4, in Capsicum plants are categorized according to their increasing effectiveness against four respective tobamoviruses. L-mediated virus resistance loses its function when plants are cultivated in an environment over 30°C. Moreover, field cultivation of plants with an incorporated L gene has led to the detection of new tobamoviruses and strains that can overcome virus resistance. In a previous study, we identified a new L gene, L1a. L1a-homozygous plants showed resistance to not only P0 pathotype of Tobamovirus (P0) at any temperature but also Paprika mild mottle virus Japanese strain (PaMMV-J, P1) at 24°C. To develop an efficacious control system for Tobamovirus disease, we characterized the resistance of Capsicum annuum L. ‘Nanbu-Ohnaga’ and identified a new Tobamovirus-resistance gene that differed from L. ‘Nanbu-Ohnaga’ plants showed resistance to PaMMV-J at 30°C but not at 24°C, but they could be systemically infected not only with Tobacco mosaic virus-OM (TMV-OM, P0) and Pepper mild mottle virus Japanese strain (PMMoV-J, P1,2), but also with Tobacco mosaic virus-Ob (TMV-Ob, P1) at any temperature. Genetic analysis of F1, F2, and reciprocal BC1 progenies, derived from a cross between ‘Nanbu-Ohnaga’ and TMVR4-1, a breeding line with the L1a gene in the homozygous state, was established. The data show that the resistance of ‘Nanbu-Ohnaga’ plants to PaMMV-J depends on a single incomplete dominant gene, which differs from the L gene. Hence, this new gene that is designated Hk, is a newly discovered Tobamovirus-resistance gene, which differs from the L gene, in Capsicum plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (856K) -
Bong Kyoon Kang, Sang Heon Han2005 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 295-299
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAeroponics, used mainly for the production of virus-free seed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in South Korea, poses several problems, particularly, the risk of blackout and lenticle hypertrophy. Recently, a capillary culture system that supplies nutrient solution through wicks was developed to overcome these problems. In a capillary culture system, the nutrients that the plant cannot take up remain in the solid media in which they accumulate, while the plant roots adhere to the wicks. In this study, a complete nutrient solution, a NPK fertilizer, and different levels of the controlled release fertilizers of Multicote, Osmocote, and Magamp K, were tested with water supplied through wicks. The final fresh weight per plant, in the nutrient solution plot weighed 72.9 g while that from the Multicote (100 g/box) plot weighed 66.4 g. The total tuber yield per square meter, in the Multicote (100 g/box) plot and Osmocote (80 g/box) plot were 13 and 4% higher, respectively, than that of the nutrient solution plot. The degree of the root penetration into the styrofoam bed of the controlled release fertilizer plot was only 13% of the nutrient solution plot.View full abstractDownload PDF (980K) -
Kimiaki Fukuhara, Xin-Xian Li, Mayumi Okamura, Kazuaki Nakahara, Yasuy ...2005 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 300-305
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe volatiles of the ‘Toyonoka’ strawberry were extracted by using an adsorptive column (PQ) and evaluated by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). Although the overall odor of the extract was perceived as having a natural strawberry-like smell, 52 odorants were detected by GC-O. Upon diluting the original extracts in AEDA, we identified 14 odorants with high dilution (FD) factors of 81 or higher. The odorant, 2, 5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-2H-furan-3-one, which has a caramel-like odor (sweet), had the highest FD factor, followed by γ-dodecalactone, γ-decalactone, and δ-decalactone with coconut or peach-like odors (sweet), and hexanoic acid and 2-methylbutanoic acid with sour odors; all had FD factors higher than 81. The odorants with FD factor 81 were cis-3-hexenal, trans-3-hexenol, and cis-2-nonenal with a green odor, trans-nerolidol with a sweaty odor, δ-dodecalactone and vanillin with a sweet odor, linalool with a floral odor accompanied by a citrus-like odor, and an unknown compound with a cinnamon-like odor. In addition to these 14 odorants, the fruity odorants included mainly ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, and ethyl hexanoate, which show relatively high volatility. The above identifiable compounds are considered to be the main contributors to the aroma of the ‘Toyonoka’ strawberry.View full abstractDownload PDF (555K) -
Chengshu Zheng, Xinshu Zheng, Hajime Ohno, Tetsuo Hara, Shuichiro Mats ...2005 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 306-310
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of plant growth regulators on the growth of rhizomes developed from defoliated pseudobulbs of Cymbidium Elfs Castle ‘China Peak’, as well as ethylene evolution and gibberellin activities in rhizomes were investigated for the utilization of rhizomes for propagation. Rhizomes, growing in the dark, were sprayed with a solution of 100 ppm aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), uniconazole or 10 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3), while the control rhizomes were treated with water and cultured in the dark. A group of water-treated rhizomes were exposed to light (60% of natural daylight). Light-treated rhizomes ceased to grow and but promoted leaf development. AVG decreased the number of nodes and length of internodes of rhizomes, but increased leaf length and number of roots. GA3 promoted leaf growth but did not affect rhizome growth and rooting. Uniconazole reduced rhizome growth without affecting number of nodes and leaf growth, while it promoted rooting. The above treatments were conducted with Cym. ‘Miss Taipei’ to determine ethylene evolution and gibberellin (GA) substance content. Ethylene evolution from rhizomes ‘Miss Taipei’ was inhibited by light, AVG, and uniconazole treatments. Bioassays of the control rhizomes revealed that GA3-, GA4- and GA7-like substances were found in fraction numbers of 6, 13, 10 on the TLC plates. GA3-like substance increased in the light-treated rhizomes, but decreased significantly in the uniconazole treatment, whereas AVG had no effect on the total GA-like substance contents. Thus, it is suggested that growth characteristics of rhizomes in cymbidium plants may be controlled not only by GA activities but also by ethylene, and that it is possible to propagate mother stocks by controlling the levels of plant hormones in rhizomes.View full abstractDownload PDF (491K) -
Keiichi Shimizu, Tetsuya Tokumura, Fumio Hashimoto, Yusuke Sakata2005 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 311-317
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Japanese morning glory Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth. has mutant strains among which the group “demono” is sterile as a result of severe phenotypic alterations of the leaves and flowers. Hence, its seed propagation requires time and effort. Successful plant regeneration of “demono” mutant Japanese morning glory strains was established from immature embryos from heterozygous stocks by using a MS medium with 3 mg · L-1 NAA and 60 g · L-1 sucrose. Embryoids, derived from the immature embryo culture, were maintained in monthly subcultures, and then transferred to a MS medium with 0.2 mg · L-1 IAA and 2 mg · L-1 BA for shoot formation. The developing shoots were transferred to 1/2 MS medium (half-strength MS inorganic salts) for rooting, and the regenerated plants were successfully transferred to pots. Embryoids that produced “demono” plants were selected, based on the shapes of the regenerated shoots and flowers. It was possible to maintain successfully the regeneration ability of the embryoids of “demono” plants for more than one year, no severe somaclonal variations were observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2060K) -
Koichi Kita, Yuji Kurashige, Tomohisa Yukawa, Shigeo Nishimura, Takash ...2005 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 318-323
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIntergeneric hybridization between Menziesia and Rhododendron generates many albino or pale-green seedlings. To clarify the factors that cause albino phenotype, we analyzed the inheritance of plastid (pt) DNA by PCR-RFLP analysis on the intergeneric hybrids between two genera and an intraspecific hybrid within Menziesia by reciprocal cross-pollination, respectively. All albino and pale-green intergeneric progenies contained the ptDNA of Rhododendron, whereas green progenies contained that of Menziesia, indicating that Rhododendron plastome is incompatible with Menziesia nuclear genome. Moreover, when M. multiflora was used as a female parent, most progenies transmitted their plastids paternally. Plastome-genome incompatibility seems to be independent from ptDNA inheritance in Menziesia-Rhododendron hybrids.View full abstractDownload PDF (995K) -
Bian See Tan, Yasushi Ishiguro, Koji Kageyama, Shogo Matsumoto, Hiroka ...2005 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 324-329
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere are varietal differences among rose cultivars in their resistance to crown gall disease, caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Since attachment of A. tumefaciens to host plant cells at the wound site is one of the main steps in infection, we observed the attachment of the bacteria to high and low resistant roses. High resistant roses ‘PEKcougel’ and ‘Lifirane’, and low resistant roses ‘Dukat’, Rosa multiflora ‘Matsushima No. 3’, and R. canina ‘Pfänder’ were inoculated with A. tumefaciens GOU1. Scanning electron microscopy showed that non-inoculated high resistant roses secreted substances that aggregated to form masses of secretions that became thick layers with time. Although lowly resistant roses also secreted some substances, the amounts were far less than those in the high resistant roses and most of the cut cell surfaces remained exposed. On inoculated low resistant roses, elaboration of fibrils by A. tumefaciens not only made them attached to the surface of the host cell, but also entrapped other bacteria to form clumps. Contrarily, highly resistant roses enmeshed the bacteria by their secretions, thus preventing direct contact of the bacteria to the wound surfaces. On the surface of heat-killed plant cells, no mass of secretion was formed, resulting in the attachment of A. tumefaciens in both highly and lowly resistant roses.View full abstractDownload PDF (1391K) -
Satoshi Kubota, Junko Yamamoto, Yoko Takazawa, Hajime Sakasai, Kazuo W ...2005 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 330-336
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the effects of light intensity and temperature on growth, flowering, and single-leaf CO2 assimilation of Odontioda orchid. CO2 assimilation in final leaves of back and current shoots was depressed significantly at a leaf temperature of about 30°C, in association with decreased stomatal conductance, although the light saturation point differed somewhat between back shoots and current shoots. A photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of about 400 μmol · m-2 · s-1 was optimum for CO2 assimilation. Large quantities of sugar and starch were reserved in pseudobulbs of back shoots under high light intensity, but they contents decreased while the current shoot was developing new leaves. When growth stopped, the amount of reserve assimilates increased again. Thus, there appears to be a dynamic translocation of assimilates between the pseudobulbs of back shoots and current shoots. All plants cultivated under a 28/18°C (day/night) died within 2 months after the beginning of the experiment confirmed that this species has low heat tolerance. Growth and flowering were stimulated at 23/13°C and a PPFD ranging between 300 and 500 μmol · m-2 · s-1. These conditions seem to approximate the optimum conditions for CO2 assimilation.View full abstractDownload PDF (662K) -
Pranom Yangkhamman, Seiichi Fukai, Kazuo Ichimura2005 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 337-341
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCut flowers of carnation ‘Excerea’, treated with or without silver thiosulfate (STS) showed the same vase life as when kept in Misaki, a commercial preservative, or 1 to 2% fructose with germicide at 32°C. In-rolling of petals did not occur at 32°C until day 14, even though flowers were not treated with STS. However, flowers without STS treatment showed in-rolling on day 9 at 24°C. Flowers without STS treatment, reached a climacteric peak of ethylene during day 8 to 10 at 24°C, whereas flowers at 32°C produced very little ethylene. Flowers, kept at 32°C and then transferred to 24°C, showed a climacteric peak of ethylene, but the peak was lower than that at continuous 24°C. Flowers, kept at 24°C for 1-5 days and then transferred to 32°C, produced very little ethylene. These results suggest that high-temperature keeping conditions inhibit ethylene production in cut carnation flowers.View full abstractDownload PDF (822K)
SHORT COMMUNICATION (ENGLISH)
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Hitoshi Okuda, Katsuji Noda, Toshio Hirabayashi, John Yoshimi Yonemoto2005 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 342-344
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBud paradormancy or rest period of 13 cultivars of satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu M.) that differed in fruit maturing periods was evaluated by the days to bud break (DTB). The values of DTB were obtained by a forcing method. Paradormancy appeared to occur from September to October, with the highest value in late September. When the varietal differences were evaluated. The DTB was more than 21 days in the cultivars that matured by mid-November, including the very early, early fruit maturing cultivars, and ‘Kunou unshiu’. Budbreak in late-maturing cultivars occurred within 21 days. Hence, the DTB values appeared to decrease as the fruit maturing period was delayed. It is cleared that there is a varietal difference in the depth of bud paradormancy that evidently is related with the fruit maturing period.View full abstractDownload PDF (235K)
ORIGINAL ARTICLE (JAPANESE)
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Shinji Fukuda, Naofumi Hiehata, Toshiya Yamamoto, Osamu Terai, Hirohis ...2005 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 345-349
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA RAPD marker, linked to the resistance gene Pse a to loquat canker disease (caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. eriobotryae), was screened from 2390 primers or primer combinations by using bulked DNA samples derived from progenies of ‘Yougyoku’ × 74-1737. A primer combination, OPAY02 and OPAY16, generated an 857 bp DNA fragment which was present in the resistant bulk, but not in the susceptible bulk. The recombination value between the RAPD marker OPAY02/OPAY16-857 and the Pse a gene is 1.1% (LOD score 23.7). The marker OPAY02/OPAY16-857 was successfully converted into a STS (sequence tagged site) marker (STS-Psea1a). The linkage between the STS marker (STS-Psea1a) and the Pse a gene was also confirmed in the progenies of ‘Fukuharawase’ × ‘Shiromogi’ with the recombination value of 9.3% (LOD score 13.2). An evaluation of loquat germplasms, including loquat canker resistant varieties and susceptible varieties, showed a close relation between the presence of the STS-PseA1a marker and loquat canker resistance. Therefore, STS-Psea1a marker will be a useful tool to conduct a marker assisted selection for loquat canker resistance in loquat breeding.View full abstractDownload PDF (622K)
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