In this paper, I tried to look down on the start question of this special feature articles, the history of the collaboration between Universities and Financial Institutions in Japan and the implications from all articles of this special feature. This paper explained, from the research by the study group of JSIP and the collaboration history in Japan, that the bipolarization of the activity of Universities and Financial Institutions collaboration was suspected to progress. And this paper said that the cause of the bipolarization might be the difference among Financial Institutions and Universities in the perception about the change of the environment of industrial finance.

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Since 2015, the financial administration policy of the FSA has demanded that regional financial institutions build "a sustainable business model of customer-oriented" and create shared values with local customers. The polarization of regional financial institutions is clear.
There are two patterns in the case of turning into a customer-oriented business model. One is the case that the management team positively acted on the future in the environment change, and another pattern was driven by capital injection by the Government to change the management team.
The regional customer is in a position to choose the "customer-oriented financial institution"
The point to distinguish whether customer-oriented is a business revitalization effort of the account.

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There is the remarkable bipolarization of the regional bank's business models. Many of them are traditional "scale pursuit type", and some of them are "problem solving type" required by the Japan Financial Services Agency (JFSA). "Scale pursuit type" has made loans dependent on collateral and guarantees, but their profit has ceased to exist with a decline in interest rates for a long time. JFSA points out that the "Japanese version of lending exclusion" does not lend money to companies, despite its business value, depending on collateral and guarantees. On the other hand, some regional banks and credit unions challenge the business model of "lending inclusion" that solve business problems of customer companies and improve the sustainability, not lending exclusion. They solve many problems of customer companies by supporting such as matching of sales channels, sourcing, and human resources. One of those abolishes the quota, because meeting the quota is not necessarily a mean to improve customer value. This bank tries to reduce costs and change business model by cloud computing and the scrapping of the branch offices. Those banks that create shared value have an advantage of margin.

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The Biaxial evaluation with the viewpoints of finance and project is necessary for companies support by financial institutes, under the system that the allowances for uncollectible debt must be provided with the obligator's rating categories. This paper says some implications of the effectiveness of servicer and professional organization for regional major industries support through the example of a regional bank's big challenge of regional companies support, and of the financial administrator's viewpoint for the spreading of the implications to the regional financial institutes in Japan.

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Supplier Searching Service is new method of searching partner companies using the branch network of bank. The branches search suitable supplier companies based on the accepting buyer's needs. The regional banks raise up the local procurement ratios of regional main companies and contribute the circulation of revenue within the region and the revitalizing regional economies.
The scheme of Supplier Searching Service is effective for mitigating constraint conditions of supply under the circumstance of SME's business challenges shift that change from the scarcity of demand to the supply shortage, in the turning point of the regional bank's core business support methods. And the scheme is also effective to collect the information of SME's technical capabilities that is need for screening of loan application ex post because the bank can accumulate the data of results of buyer's evaluation.

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This paper describes on the regional innovation from the viewpoint of the research group on collaboration system for university and financial institutions. In recent years, the change of social situation has been rapid. With the advance of IoT and AI technologies, major financial institutions will significantly reduce employees with closing bank stores and mechanizing the review. Regional financial institutions are required to make substantial contributions to regional companies in this environment. In this paper, we consider the current state and future prospects of regional innovation from case studies.

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This paper describes a recent trial by the group of Akita University, Iwate University, and Hirosaki University, the universities in the northern Tohoku area, Akita Bank, Iwate Bank, and Aomori Bank, the regional banks in the same area, cooperated to launch a regional economic revitalization collaboration initiative, called "TLO NetBix Plus." This collaborative attempt intends to support regional corporate management to transfer developed technology to intellectual property for business, which was defined as a revitalization of regional TLOs. This paper first explains its background, and the scheme that was constructed. It then describes the TLO NetBix Plus activities to offer regional companies with the collaborative mechanism by universities and financial institutions to support intellectual property management to revitalize the regional economy in the northern Tohoku area of Japan.

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There are over 3.8 million small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in our country, which is the foundation of sustainable growth and local economy. In order to achieve diverse and vigorous growth and development, it is essential to advance into new business areas and to actively enter advanced science and technology fields. In the present research, we observed a consortium that had been formed in the field of regenerative medicine and managed to promote cooperation between industry, academia and government, considering its significance and utility of entering different industries and business development, in particular, the expansion of cooperative opportunities of SMEs. As a result, we found that a well-designed consortium offers opportunities to collaborate with all universities and public research institutes through optimisation efforts of organisational design and university involvement, and that it is an effective way of forming credit and its contribution to SMEs.

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We analyzed cooperative research contract information of 2004-2013 financial years, in order to clarify the situation of University-Industry research collaborations and the geographical distribution of the partners in Utsunomiya University.
We obtained following results.
1)Cooperative researches with enterprises occupy about 90%.
2)In case of partners of large enterprises, the partners that are located in Kanto, Kinki and Tokai area and Tochigi Pref. occupy 98%. The cooperative researches with large enterprises that are located in Kanto area are increasing.
3)In case of partners of small and medium-sized enterprises, the partners that are located in Tochigi Pref. and Kanto area occupy 96%. The cooperative researches with small and medium-sized enterprises have a tendency to slightly increase.
4)Partners of the cooperative researches with non-companies organization are located mostly in Tochigi prefecture.

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We analyzed collaborative research contract information of 2004-2013 financial years, in order to clarify the situation of University-Industry research collaborations and the geographical distribution of the partners in Saga University.
We obtained following results.
1)Cooperative researches with enterprises occupy about 86%.
2)In case of partners of large enterprises, the partners that are located in Kanto, Tokai, Kinki and Kyushu areas occupy about 96%. The cooperative researches with large enterprises that are located in Kanto area are slightly increasing. Those with large enterprises that are located in Kyushu area are decreasing.
3)In case of partners of small and medium-sized enterprises, the partners that are located in Saga Pref. and Kyushu, Kanto and Kinki areas occupy about 92%. Comparing the latter half (2009-2013FY) with the first half (2004-2008FY) of the investigation period, the cooperative researches with small and medium-sized enterprises in Saga Pref. decreased.
4)Partners of the cooperative researches with non-companies organization are located mostly in Saga Pref. and Kanto area.
The tendency of decreasing of cooperative researches between Saga University and companies in Saga prefecture is thought a big problem for promoting of the local innovation. It is necessary to clarify and compare the situation of other areas, and to examine measures in future.

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Industry-academia-government-private communities are formed in various locations in Japan. These communities are a place where researchers, coordinators, company managers, employees and administrative officers in diverse fields are interested in industry-academia collaboration activities. In this study, the author describes the case of an industry-academia collaboration project as a practical strategy based on equal and interactive communication between people in an industry-academia-government-private community beyond organizations and posts. The author also considers the function of the community and coordinator. As a result, the author discovered that the industry-academia-government-private community contributed to the overall practical strategies, and also found that the coordinator played an effective role in matching industry and academia in order to implement strategies.

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The author is currently supporting regional industry-university collaborative activities at the Center of Regional Affairs of Fukushima University. Here, I look back on the efforts of the medical-engineering collaboration project that I was involved in during Fukushima prefecture employee from 1985 to 2017. I will review over what process the industry-academic-government collaboration promoted in Fukushima Prefecture, whether R & D activities became vitalized and commercialized, and as a result industrial clusters advanced. In addition, I will describe the difficulties of medical engineering collaboration and problems of industry-university collaboration.

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