Journal of Japan Society of Nursing Research
Online ISSN : 2189-6100
Print ISSN : 2188-3599
ISSN-L : 2188-3599
Volume 34, Issue 4
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
  • Koichi Monden, Terukazu Tanaka
    2011 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 4_1-4_9
    Published: September 01, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), which is one of the complications in patients under mechanical ventilation with tracheal intubation, continues to be a serious clinical problem. One of the important factors of VAP development is thought to be the dissemination of bacteria in the oral cavity into originally sterile lungs. To decrease in the oral bacterial population, a new mouth cleaning solution comprising 30% glycerol and 20-fold dilution of Isodine (solution A) was formulated. The bactericidal effect of solution A was compared with that of the undiluted Isodine (solution B) currently used for oral care. Solution B use decreased the average number of bacteria in the oral cavities of patients to about 55% at 4 hours after the oral care. Solution A produced a superior reduction in average number of bacteria to about 34% in the same time, and to about 59% at 6 hours.
    These findings indicate that glycerol prolongs the duration of the bactericidal effect of Isodine in the oral care of patients with tracheal intubation, and that performing oral care with solution A is more effective than that with solution B. Solution A may therefore be potentially effective in reducing the occurrence of VAP.
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  • Hiromi Sugawara(Abe), Chizuru Mori
    2011 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 4_11-4_22
    Published: September 01, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The objective of this study was to elucidate the factors affecting schizophrenia patients' awareness of their illness, so that nursing interventions can be devised to enhance levels of insight in these patients.
    We investigated the following in participants with schizophrenia: the Japanese version of the Schedule for Assessment of Insight (SAI-J), drug-taking attitude, health locus of control (HLC), knowledge of disease/medication, experience in relation to disease/medication, psychotic symptoms, type of treatment, the attending physician's explanation of informed consent, and self-efficacy. Additionally, we conducted semi-structured interviews. Information on such factors as the participants' awareness of their disease, drug-related experiences, emotions, and state of acceptance were extracted from an analysis of the interview results. Covariance structure analysis was used to examine the total scores of the individual scales and categories so as - to construct a path model for illness insight. The "objective standpoint of the disease experience" influenced the SAI-J and drug-related experience scores, leading to the emergence of feelings regarding medication. This affected the total scores on the drug-taking attitude scale.
    Our findings indicated that nursing intervention that improves insight should be able to help patients to take an objective standpoint of their disease experience and to express their medication-related experiences.
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  • Shiho Sato, Yukiko Sato, Hitoshi Shiwaku
    2011 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 4_23-4_31
    Published: September 01, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Purpose: This study investigated the factors associated with ineffective coping behaviors exhibited by children during blood sampling.
    Materials and Methods: Coping behavior of 49 children aged 3-6 years was observed based on the Manifest Upset and Cooperation Scales during blood sampling; their parents responded to a questionnaire before the procedure. We obtained permission after an ethical examination of the facility with which the researchers were affiliated.
    Results: Children were assigned to ineffective (n = 12) and effective (n = 35) coping behavior groups based on the Manifest Upset and Cooperation Scales. The children in the ineffective coping behavior group were younger than those in the effective coping behavior group (p = .013). The child's tendency toward ineffective coping behavior before blood sampling and the parent's prediction was higher in the ineffective coping behavior group as compared with the effective coping behavior group (p = .000). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the parent's prediction based on the Manifest Upset Scale was the significant factor that influenced a child's coping behavior.
    Conclusion: The study findings suggest that it is important to take into consideration a child's age and behavior, and the parent's prediction before blood sampling.
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  • -- Through the Observation of Changing Night Clothes Skills for Patients with Infusion Lines --
    Ayako Niimi
    2011 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 4_33-4_44
    Published: September 01, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study clarified the evaluation viewpoints and attainment benchmarks of nursing teachers and nursing practitioners who simultaneously observed the skill of new graduate nurses in changing the nightclothes of patients with infusion lines. Nursing teachers focused on technical aspects, with the following three evaluation viewpoints: (1) whether the basic procedures, as taught in school, were performed; (2) whether the procedures were performed accurately in a polite manner; and (3) whether the procedures completed were done by oneself, that is, without help from anyone else. The completion of the nursing procedures by oneself was the attainment benchmarks. Meanwhile, based on nursing procedures at clinical sites, the nursing practitioners used the following as evaluation viewpoints: (1) whether the nurse talked positively to the patient and (2) whether the patient suffered any unnecessary pain or harm. As the attainment benchmark, they adopted one's success at being able to make the patient feel safe without suffering pain or burden in situations identical to clinical sites. However it was admitted that there was a tendency for the evaluations of the overall nursing skills to be determined by nurses' verbal communication and satisfactory completion without regarding each individual step of the procedures. Moreover, nursing teachers considered the nursing procedures used at clinical sites, which formed the criteria used by nursing practitioners, to be far removed from the basic procedures.
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  • General Practice Nurses, Public Health Nurses and Dental Hygienists
    Noriaki Onizawa, Yasuko Matsunaga
    2011 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 4_45-4_53
    Published: September 01, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to clarify the conditions of fatigue in the work of new graduate nurses, who have a high rate of early turnover, we compared the cumulative fatigue symptoms of new graduate general practice nurses (GPN), new graduate public health nurses (PHN), and new graduate dental hygienists (DH) and investigated the relationship between the motivation to leave employment and cumulative fatigue symptoms in each group.
    The subjects of the study included 139 GPN, 49 PHN, and 45 DH. We conducted a questionnaire survey using the cumulative fatigue symptoms index (CFSI).
    According to the results, a comparison of the CFSI scores revealed that the new graduate GPN had a significantly higher mean CFSI score compared to the new graduate PHN and the new graduate DH. Moreover, among the new graduate GPN, the rate of physical characteristics, such as "chronic fatigue syndrome" and "physical disability", and mental characteristics, such as "decreased vitality", "anxiety", and "depressive feelings", was significantly high. New graduate GPN, who felt motivation to leave employment, had higher mean CFSI than new graduate nurses who no felt such motivation. Furthermore, we observed, that they felt significantly greater fatigue than those who no felt motivation to leave employment.
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  • Narumi Fujino, Hitoshi Okamura
    2011 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 4_55-4_63
    Published: September 01, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study was to construct assessment criteria for suffering of long-term inpatients with schizophrenia and examine its reliability and validity. Then, we conducted a questionnaire survey through individual interview. Fifty inpatients with schizophrenia were used as the subjects. The questionnaire in its trial version had 25 items with a fine-point Likert-Scale. After analyzing the items, 18 items were selected and 4 areas were named: (1) suffering due to reduced selfrespect, (2) anxiety about their own future due to decreased social applicability, (3) lack of familial support, and (4) suffering due to living with a mental disorder. Cronbach's α a of 18 items was .82 and that of the 4 areas was .7-.88. These results showed an internal consistency of the subscale. Therefore, it was thought that the assessment criteria will be useful for planning individual support programs for inpatients to deal with various suffering and also for their palliative care.
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  • Eri Yoshida, Kazuko Yamada, Ikuharu Morioka
    2011 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 4_65-4_72
    Published: September 01, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study incorporated a questionnaire survey on 199 nurses having 2-5 years of job experience with the objective of clarifying the relationship between self-efficacy and stress reactions. Anxiety over failure was high for self-efficacy. Among the nurse stressors, those that had job descriptions involving potential loss of human life and technical innovation were high, while relationships with doctors were low. The questionnaire on job stress showed that subjective physical burden and psychological load (quality and quantity) were characteristic job stressors. Fatigue was at the center of the stress reactions. Satisfaction with job or life was low in the factors effective on stress reactions.
    The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the factors increasing stress reactions were job difficulty, speaking ill of supervisors with colleagues, and the relationship with the patient and the patient's family, while those decreasing them were the level of job discretion, satisfaction with work or life, psychological load (quality), anxiety over failure, and support from colleagues. Anxiety over failure was related to supervisors' praise. It follows that supervisors' praise of nurses with 2-5 years of job experience may prove effective in reducing stress reaction with regards to self-efficacy.
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  • Eiko Noguchi, Masayo Toume, Takami Kinsyo, Chinatsu Takeuchi, Miharu O ...
    2011 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 4_73-4_82
    Published: September 01, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In the present study, we investigated the current state of nursing skill acquisition among newly graduated nurses and the related expectations of instructors and chief nurses. Subjects comprised 92 second-year nurses, 98 instructors and 57 chief nurses. A questionnaire survey was conducted regarding ability to perform 45 basic nursing skills. A total of 57.6% of second-year nurses were unable to independently perform even one of 45 identified nursing skill items at the time of hiring. Furthermore, 16.3% had had no opportunity to perform 20 or more of the skill items. With regard to expectations for skill acquisition, 48.0% of instructors and 33.3% of chief nurses did not expect newly graduated nurses to be able to independently perform any skills at the time of hiring but anticipated they would be capable of doing so within one year. It was expected that nurses would be able to perform skills related to life-saving emergency treatment if they received instruction during their first year of employment.
    These findings demonstrate the importance of improving skill training during practice in undergraduate courses. The need for a continuous education program linking undergraduate with postgraduate education is also suggested.
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  • A Study through Narrative
    Kayoko Koga
    2011 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 4_83-4_93
    Published: September 01, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To clarify the psychological process leading up to patients' applications for compensation through the Minamata disease compensation system, we investigated the process by documenting the experience of a qualified Minamata disease patient. The investigation identified three stages of the psychological process which leads to the application for Minamata compensation: 'struggling with anger and concern', 'seeking self-actualization' and 'determination to have a new life'. Eight subcategories within these stages were also identified.
    Applying for compensation follows not only the development of a desire for compensation but also a difficult struggle to achieve acknowledgement of two elements: self-actualization and a new future. Results indicated that the decision to apply for compensation was significantly related to behavioural changes supported by another person's assistance (even if only through conversation) and a social process (the compensation system). The applicant's desire for the public health nurse at the resident's nearest facility (administrative organisation) to keep the application secret, not only externally but also within the organisation, was taken into consideration, enabling the applicant to progress through the process with the support of the public health nurse when requested.
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  • Mitsuko Hasegawa, Kano Suzuki, Kyoko Kikuchi
    2011 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 4_95-4_101
    Published: September 01, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Objective: The present study clarifies that the case studies with home visiting nurses had an effect on the discharge support of the hospital nurses.
    Methods: 125 nurses participated in the case study program. Ten case study conferences were held over a period of 2 years at which nurses were asked to fill out an anonymous questionnaire.
    Results: The most useful item was "The necessity of cooperation has been understood" (92 people; 73.6%). The next most useful item was "Expansion of the aspect of caring" (82 person; 65.6%). There were no items that were not useful. After the case study, about 60 percent of the nurses saw a positive change in discharge support of patient and family. About 40 percent of the nurses began confirming the physician's treatment plan and could prepare a discharge support plan earlier. Nurses also began holding discharge adjustment conferences. 13 people's behavior remained unchanged were significantly low compared with 112 people who's behavior changed according to "The necessity of cooperation has been understood", (p < .01).
    Conclusion: These results suggest that case studies with home visiting nurses are useful for the expansion of nurses' views and their understanding of the necessity for cooperation concerning discharge support.
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  • Miyuki Takase, Sachiko Teraoka, Yukiko Miyakoshi, Ayako Kawada
    2011 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 4_103-4_109
    Published: September 01, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
  • Yukiko Otuka, Emiko Ogishi
    2011 Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 4_111-4_120
    Published: September 01, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study was designed to elucidate the meaning of the eating behavior for terminally ill patients. This study included 3 terminally ill inpatients, and the method included qualitative description of individual cases. The following 3 items were extracted as the meaning of what terminal patients of their act of eating from the results: "savoring what they want to eat to derive a sense of satisfaction", "eating and supporting oneself who is alive", "eating and preparing for their last moment". These items suggest the meaning of eating in terminal patients as well as the importance of the nurses' thinking on the meaning of and involvement in the food intake of terminal patients.
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