The purpose of this study is to describe the relationship between the action of lifting and drawing a patient on a bed by the nurse and the muscles used in such actions. The surface electromyogram (sEMG) and the power spectrum were recorded on m. biceps brachii, m. trapezius, m. latissimus dorsi and m. quadriceps femoris. A comparison was made between the motion of lifting and drawing by the ratio of the amplitude and the integrated pattern, as well as the dominant peak value and distribution of frequency in the power spectrum.
Results were as follows:
1)　By conventional sEMG, the ratio of peak-to-peak amplitude and that of the integrated pattern during the drawing action were lower than that for the lifting action on those four muscles. Based on the experiment results, the drawing action can be seen as being the better action for muscular exertion and preferable to lifting when moving a patient on the bed.
2)　In power spectrum, the dominant values of peaks and the area of frequency distribution are the most important factors to express the characteristics of action potentials. These two factors did not always show the same tendency.
Care should be taken in the assessment of data, because the mechanical quality of instrument may influence the peak value and the distribution.

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Clinical training reports of 44 student nurses, having cared for leukemia in children in pediatric ward, were analyzed from the following viewpoints: the ratio of the reports about children and disease, and about nursing phenomenon and nursing process; the relations between that ratio and clinical study period; the relations of children and disease to nursing phenomenon and nursing process; and the relations between the specific characteristics of individual student and its report.
As regards children and disease, children's life histories and therapeutic plan were reported at the highest rate. In contrast, leukemia and children's characteristics were reported at the lowest rate. No change in those ratios was observed after clinical study period.
As to nursing phenomenon, the ratio depended on each student. However, as training progressed, the ratio showed a tendency to increase. About two-fifths of the reports perfectly recorded nursing process. Many of the reports with nursing phenomenon at a higher rate recorded imperfect nursing process.<br>　There were no relations between the reports about children and disease and the reports about nursing phenomenon and nursing process.

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Thirty two of the aged in a nursing home were observed on the distribution of body pressure of back side at the supine position. The aged was kept the spine position for one hour and body pressure was periodically observed on bilateral scapular, sacral, coccygeus and bilateral calcaneal region with body pressure meter and transducer pads (Teikokuzoki Co. Ltd.). The pressure on each regions were analyzed in relation of motility disturbance. The results were as follow.
1)　Average pressure of sacral region was highest in the bedridden cases with serious handicap, compared to the cases with slight-and no-handicap.
2)　In the group with slight-and no-handicap group, body pressure on each regions were not so definite difference.
The results showed that body pressure of slight-and no-handicap group could be dispersed in wide area of the back but the pressure of handicap group have a tendency to concentrate upon sacral region due to spinal deformities, contracture of lower limb, emaciation and lack of effective movement.

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The purpose of this study was to improve the home care for the aged, we investigated into 69 old persons who attended at the day-service center and 50 families supporting those old persons. The day-service center was one of the welfare facilities which support the aged at their home.
The results were as follows:
1)　The greater part of the aged, who were female and 75 years of age or over.
2)　A number of the aged many kinds of diseases, such as a cerebral apoplexy, an after-effect of an apoplexy, a hypertension, a heart disease and so on.
3)　Many of the aged knew of this day-service by the newspaper or from their families or their acquaintances.
4)　It took less than 30 minutes from their home to this day-service center by the service car.
5)　The greater part of the aged needed some kind of help in their daily living, and there were many kinds of cares.
6)　most of the aged and their families were very glad to be able to take a bath at the day-service center.
7)　Many of the aged showed negative attitude in the personal relations at the day-service center, but about half of them were glad to have a wide circle of acquaintance.
8)　Both the aged and their families hoped to increase the frequency to use this day-service center.

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During the years from 1965 to 1974, the percentage of working woman in each health and medical profession like physician, dentist and pharmacist increased, especially among the age group of 25-29 and 30-34 in woman's life-stage. This was reported one of the authors of this article J. Kusakari, in the Journal of Public Health Practice of 1978 (Vol. 42, No. 3).
In this article, the trend of working women among those health professions was observed during the years of 1975-1984 as a succeeding data.
As everyone knows, the last decade was the International Women's years which was nominated by the United Nations. Therefore, some different patters will be expected. Since 1982, the reporting system of the survey of physician, dentist and pharmacist was changed from every year to every two years. Accordingly, 1984 is the latest data of this kind.
Through the analysis, the following findings were observed;
1.　The percentage of woman in each health profession has been increasing.
2.　The highest percentage was physician, followed by dentist and pharmacist.
3.　The decrease of the age group of 30-40 has diminished gradually.
4.　The curve of working male was flat and that of female was shown as Wtype.
5.　The transfer for upper age group of 5-10 was observed during these 10 years, Generally speaking, the influence of the International Women's years was recognized among working women of health and medical professions.

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Six kinds of cells (each lung and kidney cells originated from the 11th day chick embryo, mouse embryo of 10th gestational day and human embryo of 12 weeks' gestation) were cultured with the medium containing the water-soluble components of the cigarette smoke (TS) or the nicotine solution (NI) to study the effect on the proliferation of those cultured cells. In this study, the number of the survived cells was counted on each day and the morphological changes of those cultured cells were observed under the scanning electron microscopy
(1)　In all cases, the proliferation of those cultured cells was inhibited by TS or NI treatment respectively.
(2)　In the proliferation of the chick cells, the inhibition of TS treatment was greater than that of NI treatment. Moreover, it was suggested that the components of the cigarette smoke except a nicotine inhibited the proliferation of the kidney cells.
(3)　In the proliferation of the mouse cells, the inhibition of TS treatment was similar to that of NI treatment. And this result suggested that the lung cells from the mouse embryo may be very sensitive to a nicotine in a specific phase of the cell cycle.
(4)　In the proliferation of the human cells, the inhibition of TS treatment was almost the same as that of NI treatment. And the proliferation of the kidney cells was inhibited more than that of the lung cells by TS or NI treatment.
(5)　Though the human cells may be more sensitive to TS or NI treatment than the mouse cells, the pattern of inhibition of TS or NI treatment to the human cells is similar to the mouse cells than the chick cells.
(6)　The fine filopodia like microvilli on the cell surface were decreased by TS or NI treatment, and the blebs were increased. And such changes of TS treatment were greater than those of NI treatment.

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The purpose of this study is to find the opportune time of and the tolerable number times for effective hand washing of usual disinfection on 0.02% Hibitane (Chlorhexidine) solution setting in a basin.
We examed the effectiveness for removing the bacterium after hand washing with rubbing or simple soaking for estimate time (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 60 sec.) in 0.02% Hibitane solution, on fingertips where spreaded those suspension. And we tested the potential activity of disinfection to Staph. aureus and E. coli on the samples which were picked up at every 10 members of 100 student-nurses washed their hand in a basin setting 0.02% Hibitane solution.　The results and conclusion are as follows;
1)　Even after 100 members handwashing in the same basin, Hibitane solution was sufficiently effective disinfecting to Staph. aureus.
2)　Whereas E. coli were not, were still found 60 members hand washing.
3)　White turbidity of solution in a basin were found after 40 members used and dirty turbid were gradually found until 80 members finished.
4)　Contaminated bacteria on fingertips were remained under simple soaking for 60 sec. and under washing with rubbing hand for shorter than 40 sex. in solution.
5)　These suggested that the sign of exchange, using for 0.02％ Hibitane solution in a basin, is the which appear by about 40 members used.

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We examined how the anxiety of pregnant women has an impact on the process of the delivery and the new born baby, 36 pregnant women, 10 primiparas and 26 multiparas, who visited our department were analyzed. we evaluated the degree of anxiety by using STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) scoring during first, second and last trimester.
1.　Anxiety score of primiparas becomes higher with the advancing of the gestational week but the one of multiparas lower.
2.　The score of occupational women is high during last trimester. Their score from second to last trimester is significantly higher than the one of non-occupational women.
3.　Increase of the anxiety score during last trimester influence on the neonatal weight, height and chest and chest circumference but has no influence on the period and the amount of bleeding of the delivery.
4.　STAI test is useful for the evaluation of the anxiety of pregnant women.

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An idea of wholeness of a person has obtained an agreement as an essential focus of nursing science among nurse theorists. And time and space are the two key concepts to understand wholeness of a person. But for the beginning nursing students, it is very difficult to understand what wholeness of a person means. To help the nursing students understand it, experience of activities of daily living, such as walking, dressing, eating, personal hygiene, elimination, under visual deprivation was planned for 74 college male and female students. The results indicated that under visual deprivation, (1) perception of space become vague and unclear for the students, (2) it was difficult to grasp the abstract idea even if they used remained senses, (3) movements become slower and bigger under visual deprivation, and the students underestimated passing of clock time. Under visual deprivation, they tried to perform activities of daily living by patterning movements and using remained senses fully. Learning ADLs by experiences under visual deprivation is a useful tool to understand the meaning of wholeness of a person.

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