The present retrospective study aimed to determine the taste thresholds of persons with dysgeusia. This study included 38 （20 male and 18 female） patients with a complaint of dysgeusia that were not complicated by any other symptoms of taste disorders. Taste functions in all patients were measured using filter paper discs （FPD）, and the whole mouth test （WMT）. Levels of serum zinc, copper, and iron were examined and saliva flow rate was assessed using a gum test. Cultures were tested for Candida species. The patients were assigned to either a group that had difficulty recognizing all tastes （DRA）, or one that had difficulty recognizing some tastes （DRS）, and data were statistically analyzed.
In the DRA group, the WMT technique showed that the only one patient in this group had higher thresholds for all tastes. In the DRS group, increasing sensitivity to salty taste mostly matched both FPD and WMT techiques.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between symptoms on burning mouth syndrome and health anxiety and compare patients diagnosed as burning mouth syndrome with general patients in dental clinic from the perspective the influence of health anxiety on affective conditions. Thirty-eight patients with burning mouth syndrome and 100 general patients in dental clinic were assessed by questionnaire consisted of pain intensity, oral dryness, Japanese version of Oral Health Impact profile-14（OHIP-14），the subscale of depression-dejection, tension-anxiety in Japanese version of Profile of Mood State-Brief （POMS-B），Short Health Anxiety Inventory（SHAI）. The results of this study showed that health anxiety was not related with pain intensity, oral dryness, and oral health-related QOL, and was related with anxiety and depression.

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Patients with hyperamylasemia detected by medical health examination are usually suspected as acute pancreatitis. But, further examination often reveals some of them as S type hyperamylasemia, and then the patients are referred to dentists or oral surgeons. Here, we report two patients who had suffered from unidentified S type hyperamylasemia, but appeared to have an unusual habit of meals by medical interview and thereafter recovered from hyperamylasemia by dietary intervention against excessive taste of tartness. When we encounter unidentified S type hyperamylasemia, medical interview about habit of meals is important and dietary intervention may be an effective treatment for S type hyperamylasemia.

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We report a patient with hereditary angioedema （HAE） who required the bilateral upper and lower wisdom tooth extraction. A 37-year-old man with HAE was referred to our hospital because of discomfort in the wisdom teeth. To prevent angioedema, he took oral administration of tranexamic acid since a week ago and was injected tranexamic acid and C1 inhibitor before surgery. He underwent wisdom tooth extraction under intravenous sedation. After surgery, the patient was not eventful post extraction period.

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Crohn's disease is a chronic granulomatous inflammatory disorder that is often accompanied by oral symptoms. We herein report a case of Crohn's disease that initially occurred as gingival swelling. A 63-year-old woman complained of gingival swelling and was referred to our clinic. During the disease course, Behcet's disease was denied despite the development aphthous ulcers and erythema nodosum. Thereafter, abdominal pain, diarrhea and weight loss were observed, and Crohn's disease was subsequently diagnosed by endoscopy. Because oral symptoms may precede Crohn's disease, it is important to include this possibility in the differential diagnosis when encountering patients presenting with oral swelling and ulcerative lesions.

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Glycogenic acanthosis （GA） is a benign lesion characterized by small, white, raised plaques commonly detected in the esophagus. Very few reports have described GA in the oral mucosa. We report two cases with bilateral buccal mucosa and on the bottom of the mouth. A 40-year-old woman was referred to us presenting with white lesions on bilateral buccal mucosae. She first noticed that the surface of the buccal mucosa was rough several years earlier. Biopsy results revealed GA. The second case was a 72-year-old woman referred to us with white lesions on the floor of her mouth. She first noticed white lesions on the oral floor 10 days before consultation. Biopsy was performed and it was diagnosis of GA.

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A-65-year-old male presented with a complaint of repeated stomatitis, for which he had been referred to us by a family dentist. During the initial examination, a number of intraoral aphthae were found, but no pseudo-membrane formation was observed. As a bacterial culture test returned a positive result for candida, an antifungal medication was applied. However, the symptoms reoccurred. Because pudendal ulcer had also been found, the patient was referred to internal medicine for diagnosis, and an HIV infection was discovered. After this, Antiretrovial therapy was initiated. At present, the patient’s oral symptoms have improved, and follow-up observations are ongoing.

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A pyogenic granuloma is a pedunculated polyp of the skin and mucosa. Although the influence of the endocrine system, infection or trauma has been mentioned, the exact pathogenesis of this condition remains obscure. We experienced two cases of multiple pyogenic granulomas of the tongue margin caused by immunosuppressive drugs.
［Case 1］A 74-year-old man. He had been diagnosed as paraneoplastic pemphigus and had been treated with steroids. Multiple pedunculated polyps on the tongue margin were observed. ［Case 2］A 43-year-old man with Hodgkin’s lymphoma. He was treated with immunosuppressive drugs for the purpose of preventing graft-versus-host disease （GVHD） after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Multiple pedunculated polyps on the tongue margin were observed.
Polyps were surgically removed and were histopathologically diagnosed as pyogenic granuloma in these two cases. Immunosuppression by steroids or immunosuppressants could be one of the factors leading to the development of pyogenic granulomas.

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