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Volume 59, Issue 3
Displaying 1-26 of 26 articles from this issue
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Konosuke INAGAWA1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 373-376
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
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Masaki KOBAYASHI1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 377-380
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
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Hideo KUROKAWA1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 381-384
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
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Hiroyuki KITSUNAI, Hiroshi INOUE1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 385-388
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
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Noboru AOYAMA1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 389-392
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
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Yoichi SHIGEMATSU1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 393-398
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe forward and inverse kinematics of a walking machine are modeled and analysed in a unified manner using the motor algebra. First, the velocity motor of a link is defined to specify the motion of the link. Then, by changing the reference point and the frame of the velocity motor of each link to other ones consecutively along the link-pair graph, the independent closed link conditions are derived, which are linear with respect to the joint angle velocity, the velocity of the trunk, and the angular velocity of the trunk. The inverse kinematics can be solvable if the image of an induced linear map of the velocity and angular velocity of the trunk belongs to the image of an induced linear map of the joint angle velocity. By a numerical analysis of the induced linear spaces of the inverse kinematics which models a walking machine with a planar pantograph leg whose toe contacts the ground, independent solutions of the velocity and angular velocity of the trunk are obtained, each of which has the corresponding joint angle velocity.View full abstractDownload PDF (742K) -
Consideration to Application of the Navier-Stokes EquationsMitsuhiro MAKIHARA, Kunihiko SASAKURA, Akira NAGAYAMA1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 399-404
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: January 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDesigning the micro-fluid machines as micro-pumps and micro-valves requires the clarification of fluid dynamics on the order of 0.1-100 μm. This paper describes the flow of liquids in micro-capillary tubes and a method of measuring it. The method can precisely measure flow rates as small as 10 pl/s to 10 nl/s. The estimated measurement error of the method is less than 6 percent for flow rate, and less than 4 kPa for pressure loss. In 4.5 to 50.5 μm diameter micro-capillary tubes, the flow rate and the pressure loss were measured for silicon oil of 2.6 × 10-6 to 4.3 × 10-4 m2/s kinematic viscosity. The measurement results showed that the flow rate is proportional to the pressure loss for a diameter of 11.2 μm and kinematic viscosity of 4.3 × 10 -4 m2/s. The measured values are in agreement with the theoretical values calculated by the Navier-Stokes equations.View full abstractDownload PDF (2916K) -
Motoyoshi KAWAI, Iwao HAYASHI, Nobuyuki IWATSUKI1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 405-410
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo realize an actuator with many degrees of freedom which moves like a human wrist, a spherical motor with three-degree-of-freedom is tried, the spherical body of which is driven by ultrasonic linear actuators, and consequently, the spherical motor has no limitation on the position of its rotational axis in principle, and can rotate around an arbitrary spatial axis at an arbitrary speed. The spherical body of the motor is a steel bearing ball of 76.2mm in diameter. The six ultrasonic linear actuators are placed at every sixty degrees on the horizontal outer circumference of the ball; a pair of two actuators lying symmetrically regarding the center of the ball induce a rotational torque. In an experiment the ball rotated around the vertical z-axis at 15rpm, and also rotated around other spatial axes adjusting the outputs of the three pairs of actuator.View full abstractDownload PDF (2554K) -
Evaluation of Influences by use of Mechanical Hysteresis Test UnitHidetsugu TERADA, Teru HAYASHI1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 411-416
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mechanical hysteresis and backlash on reduction gears for positioning mechanism, have significant effects on dynamic performances itself. So the Non-Backlash Reducers have been developed to eliminate the backlash, but they are not able to be eliminated the effects of the mechanical hysteresis. So that the hysteresis must be analyzed to improve these dynamic performances. In this report, at first the special rigid coupling with mechanical hysteresis of arbitrary amount are developed, so called “Mechanical Hysteresis Test Unit”. The magnitude of mechanical hysteresis are defined using the developed unit. Then the evaluation methods of mechanical hysteresis influences are proposed for dynamic performances. And the hysteresis characteristics are tested using positioning mechanism with mechanical hysteresis test unit. It is proved that the hysteresis have large influences on these dynamic performances.View full abstractDownload PDF (778K) -
Measured Results and DiscussionTadao TSUKADA, Yu Dahai, Hiroyuki HASHIMOTO1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 417-422
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: January 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper presents the technique to get circularity, eccetricity and its orientation of eccentric cam shaft by applying the iterative least-square method to measured data. At first, it is shown that the off-set error of probe is computed from data measured under the condition of eccentricity e≥1.5mm by means of the new technique. Although the circularity grows worse by the off-set error of probe, this circularity is corrected by using the technique to compensate the off-set error. On the other hand, it is made clear that the eccentricity and its orientation are precisely obtained by the iterative least-square method.View full abstractDownload PDF (799K) -
Application to 4-Axes SCARA ROBOTNobuyuki FURUYA, Masatomo MATUBARA1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 423-428
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous report, an algorithm to control the motor motion curve with software servo system was proposed. By the algorithm, any motion curve, such as produced with cam curves, was realized. It was applied practically to 1 axis DD motor indexing table, and some experimental results were reported. In this report the motion control algorithm is applied to 4-axes SCARA type robot control with software servo system, in PTP (point to point) and CP (continuous path) control mode. The software servo system has become main control system in robot servo motor system. To apply the algorithm to motor control in software servo system, any motion curve in multi axes robot is realized. Some experimental results, such as control accuracy in PTP motion and in CP motion measured in 4-axes SCARA type robot are reported, and by the experimental results, the algorithm is proven to be well applied to multi-axes industrial robot control with software servo system.View full abstractDownload PDF (738K) -
Yurong CAI, Teru HAYASHI1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 429-434
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Linear Approximated Equation (LAE) of rotational vibration of a spur gear pair and its analytical solution of vibration have been developed by this research. In this report, by considering that the analytical solution gives the common relation between the vibration and gear dimensions (inertia, contact ratio, variable stiffness), running condition (rotational speed, load), tooth profile error of gear pair, the evaluation method of tooth profile error correspond to rotational vibration is developed. The average vibration of low and high speed running gear are easily estimated from the product of average dynamic factor by the amplitude of equivalent error. According to the magnitude of average vibration, the accuracy grade of profile error is decided. The validity of this new accuracy grade is confirmed both by the comparison with usual gear accuracy standard and the result of running experiment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1066K) -
Tohru Ihara, Misao Ogawa, Yoshimi Ito1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 435-440
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNo matter how contents described in a given part drawing may fairly complex, the experienced process engneer generally judges, for instance, the difficult-to-machine portion, and also produce the process plan in short time. This is supposed to show something relationship between the difficulty of process planning and the machine portions in the drawing. This paper describes the directed graph representation for the engineer's decision making process and its analysis, and the application of the difficulty of machine portions to the judgement function for the difficulty of process planning, which is a subsystem in CAPP based on the flair.View full abstractDownload PDF (979K) -
Surface Analysis by Equi-principal-curvature Curves and Extremum Curvature CurvesMasatake HIGASHI, Manabu KONDO1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 441-447
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo elucidate inherent properties of free-form surfaces independent from the viewing conditions and to apply them to styling design, equi-principal-curvature curves and extremum curvature curves are introduced. These curves visualize surface characteristics as a contour map of curvature values which conventional lines of curvature cannot display, and represent the third degree differentials of the surfaces. Furthermore, characteristic curves on sketches or renderings such as equi-highlight curves, a shilhouette pattern and a grid reflection pattern are analyzed by relating them with the fundamental properties of the surfaces. Examples of the curves are shown and analyzed along with equations of the third degree approximation of the surfaces.View full abstractDownload PDF (1507K) -
Takashi UFDA, Tadaaki SUGITA1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 448-454
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe chip formation energy, which is consumed only to make chips by brittle fracture in grinding, honing and superfinishing, is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The following model is assumed that the surface of the work material consists of grains in shape of a cube and the brittle fracture takes place at the grain boundary. Work materials used in experiments are Al2O3, SiC and Si3N4 which are sintered under atmospheric pressure, and SiO2. The scratching test is also carried out in order to obtain the chip formation energy of ceramic materials, and the strong relation is observed between the chip formation energy and the energy release rate of the ceramic. The chip formation energy obtained from experiments are compared with that from the scratching test.View full abstractDownload PDF (1021K) -
Hiroshi Hashimoto, Jiro Takeda, Kenichiro Imai, Kenneth Blaedel1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 455-460
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify pragmatic aspects of shear-mode grinding, grinding processes and characteristics of ground surfaces were investigated. First, grinding experiments were carried out, using metal bond diamond wheels, resinoid bond diamond wheels and BK7 specimen. Corresponding to the number of infeed, in shear-mode grinding with metal bond wheels, the normal grinding force increases linearly and later reaches a stable state which shows a constant grinding force and no further residual stock removal. But with resinoid bond wheel no stable state can be found. Next, a set of surfaces of BK7 was fabricated by shear-mode grinding, another set by polishing and then the sets were compared. Two techniques were used to evaluate ground glass surfaces : rate of etch and super microindentation. As the results, Etching rate of ground surfaces is “higher” than that of plolished surfaces for the first 0.2 μm. And it is found by super microindentation tests that the ground specimen appears “softer” than the plolished one for the first 0.1 μm.View full abstractDownload PDF (5244K) -
Effect on Dimensional Accuracy and Surface RoughnessSatoshi Matsui, Takeshi Horiuchi1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 461-466
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper presents a new dressing method, rotation type single point diamond dressing (RSPD dressing), in which a single point diamond dresser is rotated and fed to the direction of a wheel axis. The paper compares the dressing characteristics by this method with those of conventional single point diamond dressing (CSPD dressing). Main results obtained are as follows : (1) While the diamond edge form changes in CSPD dressing, it is almost maintained constant in RSPD dressing. (2) The wear of diamond edge in RSPD dressing is remarkably reduced compared with CSPD dressing. (3) In CSPD dressing, surface roughness changes as the wear of diamond edge. On the contrary, it is kept nearly constant in RSPD dressing because of the stability of the diamond edge form.View full abstractDownload PDF (2609K) -
Yukihiro MIYOSHI1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 467-472
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with features that suggest states of cuttings and a method for detection of abnormal states of cuttings. Damping ratios, natural frequencies and adaptation-errors of the time series models used are estimated by fitting the time series models to acceleration signals detected at the tools in normal cuttings, in cuttings with worn tools and with broken tools, and in cuttings when chatter vibration occurs. An adaptive filter is used to identify the time series model. A screening of the estimated parameters reveals that the damping ratios and the adaptation-errors are acceptable as the features that suggest the states of cuttings. Salient increases and decreases in values of the features are observed especially for the tool breakage and the chatter vibration. A method applying the fuzzy inference on the damping ratios and the adaptation-errors is provided for judgement of states in cuttings and proves effective through a simulation with experimental data.View full abstractDownload PDF (1151K) -
A Photothermal Modeling for Etching Mechanism of PolymerKeiko Ito, Masaharu Moriyasu, Seigo Hiramoto, Megumi Omine, Hiromichi ...1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 473-478
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe ablating behavior of polyimide irradiated by 266nm, 532nm, and 1064nm YAG lasers has been studied. The etching mechanism is discussed by calculations based on solutions of the one-dimensional heat equation and experimental observations. These experiments reveal that calculations are in accord with several observations and that low-damage pattern is obtained with the ideal temperature distribution based on high absorption coefficient of short wavelength laser. It can be calculated from this photothermal modeling that surface of polyimide is raised to the volatile temperature by a single irradiation with the threshold laser energy density for ablation on each laser. Polyimide is seemed to produce low-damage pattern becacuse of its little stored heat, even if it is given the repeated irradiation by 266nm YAG laser with high pulse repetition rate. It is roughly estimated that the pulse repetition rate with thermal damage by stored heat is higher than 1000pps.View full abstractDownload PDF (2168K) -
Toshihiro TATAMI, Naoto OHTAKE, Masanori YOSHIKAWA1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 479-484
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes the application of CVD diamond powder, that is produced from the roll milling of diamond films synthesized by the arc discharge plasma jet CVD method, to the grinding of steel materials. CBN powder instead of diamond powder is generally used for grinding steel materials. The reason is that at high temperatures at the grinding point the wear of the cutting point of diamond powder occurs by heat chemical reactions. But CVD diamond powder has a remarkable characteristic in which new cutting edges are easily produced during its grinding process because CVD diamond powder has grain boundaries and defects in the crystal. Metal bonded and resinoid bonded grinding wheels are prepared using CVD diamond powder. In case of the grinding of SKD11 the powder wears a lot, and the grinding power is very unstable. In case of the grinding of FC20 with a resinoid bonded wheel, the powder fractures in a limited amount, and the grinding power is stable. Therefore, the CVD diamond powder can be used for grinding steel materials like FC20.View full abstractDownload PDF (5266K) -
Katuo SYOJI, Tunemoto KURIYAGAWA, Libo ZHOU, Hidetoshi SUZUKI, Hideo A ...1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 485-490
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDiamond or CBN wheels are widely used now, but the application of these wheels in formgrinding is still limited due to the difficulty of truing. The subject of study is to achieve the technology of truing super-abrasive wheels for the form-grinding. In the present paper, a new technique using a cup-type GC wheel is proposed, and the truing device is designed and produced. This device can true a wheel into any convex shape, through envelope of lines made by the cup-type GC truer. The fundamental characteristics including truing efficiency and accuracy are also investigated by truing a CBN grinding wheel. The excellent truing performance of this device is demonstrated by grinding following truing.View full abstractDownload PDF (861K) -
Toshikatsu NAKAJIMA, Shinya TSUKAMOTO, Osamu ODANI1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 491-496
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis report deals with experimental analyses on the formation mechanism of ground surface profile under considering wheel surface topography in plunge grinding process. Main conclu-sions are as follows : (1) Ground surface profile of workpiece can be predicted under considering spring-back of grooves, meandering phenomenon and geometrical relationship between the theoretical cutting depth of abrasive grain and the actual depth of groove. (2) The meandering of cutting groove generated by an abrasive grain is occurred in the form of a roller with small vibrations. (3) After grinding, abrasive grains with low stiffness are remained on the wheel surface and abrasive grains with high or low stiffness are mixed under the wheel surface.View full abstractDownload PDF (1340K) -
Analysis and Control of Thermal DeformationsNozomu MISHIMA, Kiyoshi MIZUHARA, Yuichi OKAZAKI1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 497-502
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to evaluate and control thermal deformations of a hydrostatic air spindle for ultraprecision machine tool. According to measurements, the spindle growth to Z direction amounts more than 6 pm in some cases. Such quantity of deformations is not negligible for ultraprecision machining, and counter plans are discussed in the paper. It reports that numerical analysis is effective for foreseeing thermal deformations. As a result of theoretical analysis based on thermo hydrodynamic lubrication theory, numerically calculated value of the thermal displacements fits well to measured value. So, it is able to foresee the deformations. And the thermal deformation can be decreased effectually by supplying air to the spindle in lower temperature than that of the thermostatic chamber, in which the machine is settled. And in addition, by changing the temperature of the air supply, due to the pasture of time from the beginning of the rotation, settling time of the deformations can be shortened evidently. As above, this study makes some proposals about thermal properties of a hydrostatic air spindle and proves them theoretically and experimentally.View full abstractDownload PDF (1067K) -
Yukitatsu KASHIMURA, Naotaka SUGIURA, Akira ISHIKAWA, Katsuya FUKAZAWA1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 503-508
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: January 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this study is to develop a tool changing robot for turning operation. After tool wear has been detected, the robot changes a throwaway tip on a tool holder. In this case, a tool changing means a replacement of a corner of a tip, an inversion of a face of a tip and a supply of a new tip. In the experiments, the relation between the torque to clamp a tip to a tool holder and the torque to loosen a tip from a tool holder is clarified, and the clamping torque by the robot is chosen. And also, the characteristic of an adsorber which lifts up a tip by vacuum is investigated. From the experimental results, it is found that the trial constructed robot system is available for the combination of restricted tips and tool holders, and also the tool-tip changing time does not matter in practical use.View full abstractDownload PDF (5133K) -
Influence of Workpiece Hardness for the Forming of Built-up EdgeKenji OISHI1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 509-514
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe forming of built-up edge is studied in the cutting of hardened steel. The built-up edge forms in cutting of low hardened steel, however it has been found that the built-up edge does not form in any cutting speeds in the cutting of hardened steel whose hardness exceeds a certain value (defined as critical hardness). Then, this disappearing mechanism is discussed. As a result, conclusions are obtained that this mechanism is owing to the relation between the maximum hardness to which the built-up edge can reach and the workpiece hardness, and the critical hardness is about a half of the maximum hardness of the built-up edge. Besides, the mirror finish is clarified to be possible in the cutting of hardened steel whose hardness exceeds the critical hardness.View full abstractDownload PDF (8571K) -
Grinding of a Brittle Material by a Single Abrasive Grain (2nd Report)Masato YOSHIOKA1993 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 515-520
Published: March 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, several kinds of materials are circularly ground with a diamond cone indenter and the wave form of grinding force is recorded. It can be expected that the wave form reflects the difference of grinding mechanism among various grinding conditions or the kinds of materials. The vertical component of grinding force differs markedly from the horizontal component in its wave form. That is, the former reaches maximum rapidly after the beginning of grinding, while the latter only gradually increases and becomes maximum around the deepest grinding point. The difference in the wave form is thought to be due to the following two causes : (1) slipping of the indenter tip on the ground surface, (2) strain rate dependence of grinding force. The strain rate dependence is analytically discussed and the analyzed result is able to explain the difference. It is also discussed how the ground materials and sharpness of the indenter tip affect on the wave form, maximum grinding force and the ratio of vetical/ horizontal component.View full abstractDownload PDF (1054K)
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