巻号一覧
61 巻, 11 号
選択された号の論文の27件中1～27を表示しています
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塚田 忠夫1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1507-1510
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (569K) -
稲葉 道彦1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1511-1515
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (6363K) -
柳 和久1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1516-1520
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
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國枝 秀世1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1521-1524
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリー6.1表面凹凸の分類
散乱分布測定は, 表面粗さの周波数成分を分離して評価することを可能にした.これは, どこを改良すれば良いかという開発の手掛かりを与える点で優れている.
a) うねり (l>1mm); 鏡面の法線のゆらぎとして考えられ, X線の反射強度分布の中心部の幅を広げる.
b) 粗さ (1mm>l>1μm); 回折による散乱を起こし, X線の反射強度分布の内で, ピークの回りの裾を与える.入射X線波長, 入射角, 表面波長で散乱方向が決まり, 粗さの振幅の2乗に比例した散乱強度を与える.
c) 超微細構造 (1μm>l); 1μm以下の波長の凹凸は, 入射角1°以下の場合, 波を回折させることはなく, 全体としての平均的な“場”として反射する.しかし, 入射角が臨界角を越えると, 表面波長数十nm, 高さ数nmの超微細構造のつくる密度勾配に入り込むようになり, 反射率の低下を引き起こす.
6.2測定法と凹凸の種類
うねりはまさに法線を可視光で測定するのが最適であり, 第3章の形状計測法が使える.X線では反射強度分布のコアの幅で評価できる.粗さは第4章のOptical Profilorneter, 触針法, 顕微鏡で評価できる.X線では散乱として測定にかかる.超微細構造は, STMで調べられ, X線では反射率の大角側の低下として認められる.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5217K) -
赤松 良信1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1525-1528
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリー転がり疲れを対象にした表面キャラクタリゼーションについて紹介した.初期の仕上面め評価は2次元粗さの大きさを用いて行われていたが, 仕上面の方向性や微小な凹部を付加した仕上面などの性能が確認されてきており, 3次元粗さに対する解析・実験が今後重要になると思われる.特に, 従来のように仕上面を確率論的にとらえる方法のみでなく, 決定論的なアプローチを行うことによって, 表面の微細な形状の個々の機能が明確にでき, 転がり軸受の各種性能の向上に貢献できると考える.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3146K) -
幸田 盛堂1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1529-1532
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (728K) -
松井 正己1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1533-1536
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (3219K) -
長谷川 素由, 劉 建成1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1537-1540
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (849K) -
久門 輝正1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1541-1544
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (3262K) -
柴田 昌明, 村上 俊之, 大西 公平1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1545-1549
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリーThis paper describes a novel method of planning collision-free path for a translating mobiler in three-dimensional workspace. The safe path is found in short calculation time by the proposed method, so that it is feasible to be applied for real-time processing. Especially, in case there exist a lot of complicated obstacles in the workspace, the advantages of the method appear more efficiently. In general collision-free path planning methods, Configuration Space is often applied. Utilization of the space is very effective to plan the safe path, but it requires so much calculation time. In this paper, in order to get the calculation time shorter, rectangular parallelepiped forbidden areas are introduced, instead of the general forbidden area in the configuration space. To apply the rectangular parallelepiped forbidden area makes the interference detection of the path against the forbidden area much easier and faster, and moreover, it makes the determination of the direction to which the path goes definite. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed in numerical experiments.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1089K) -
井原 透, 曽 文胤, 松村 隆, 田中 克幸, 伊東 誼1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1550-1554
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリーIn recent years, the relationship between the process planning and the manufacturing environment has been perceived as to be a core in the area of the CAPP. Even when making the process sheet for the same product, the manufacturing environment, such as people, facilities and enterprise communities, functions to produce the difference in process planning. This difference is derived from the thinking process of experienced engineers who produce the process plan. In this report, first the method regarding how the engineers think about the noticeable points when checking the part drawing is investigated and moreover it is expressed by the “thought model”. In addition, a concept of CAPP system, which can correspond to the difference of manufacturing culture-related environment is proposed using the neural network and on the basis of the thought model.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1285K) -
シリコンウエハの平面研磨特性坂谷 勝明, 黒部 利次, 鈴木 繁成, 廣崎 憲一1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1555-1559
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリーA new type of field-assisted fine polishing method for brittle materials has been proposed, which is developed for applying to the polishing on NC grinding machine without the vessel for polishing compound. In this method, the non-contact type polishing is realized with fluid grinding wheel which is covered with thick magnetic fluid film holding the abrasive grain. In this report, the surface polishing experiments are conducted on silicon wafers and the polishing characteristics are examined. The following results are obtained : (1) When the clearance between the polisher and the work surface exceeds the definite value, the polishing rate decreases extremely. (2) The use of water based magnetic fluid yields lower polishing rate but smoother surface in comparison with kerosene based magnetic fluid. (3) The surface roughness of polished surface basically depends on grain size and the roughness of the order of nanometers is obtained with fine abrasive grain.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (6458K) -
佐伯 守彦, 難波 義治, 木村 育弘1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1560-1564
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリーThe ultraprecision diamond turning is the best way to obtain optical surfaces on organic nonlinear optical crystals of soft and brittle in nature. The machined surface on chalcone organic nonlinear crystal is apt to become opaque with the passage of time. This paper deals experimentally with the cause and prevention measure of this opaqueness on chalcone. The transmittance of chalcone decreases and the surface roughness increases with the time after diamond turning. This phenomena are due to the recrystallization of chalcone after cutting. The wet cutting method which puts a waterdrop on a diamond tool can reduce the phenomena. The polymer coating just after wet diamond turning can solve the surface property change of chalcone perfectly. The coating will be able to work as the anti-reflection coating.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3916K) -
左光 大和1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1565-1568
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリーAs semiconductor device geometries shrink, the need for silicon wafers with smaller surface micro-roughness is critical. In advanced device fabrication processes, rinse and ion implantation steps also can cause small but unacceptable roughnesses in oxide films and silicon-base materials, and the high-resolution measurements of the surface roughness using an atomic force microscope (AFM) have been performed. In this paper it has been shown that the measured micro-roughness of the polished silicon wafers using an AFM strongly depends on the sampling area size and must be treated with caution. When the micro-roughness shows a fractal nature, it can be analyzed by its power spectrum. An equation relating the fractal dimension to the micro-roughness (Root Mean Square) has been introduced and proved to be a powerful tool for the analysis of the surface roughness of various materials.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3560K) -
柴田 隆行, 栗原 賢二, 牧野 英司, 池田 正幸1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1569-1573
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリーDiamond turning of single-crystal copper was carried out in several crystallographic orientations at a depth of cut of 300 nm. Transmission electron microscope observation and Laue X-ray analysis revealed that surface damage depends strongly on the crystallographic orientations of the copper, although turned surface features and continuous chip morphologies are independent. When turning is carried out along the [110] slip direction on the (111) slip plane, plastic deformation in the turned surface layer occurs mainly on the (111) planes parallel to the surface, and thus a fault in the stacking of the (111) planes occurs due to slip deformation. Surface layer crystals turned along arbitrary directions, except for the case of the slip direction on the slip plane, rotate towards the cutting direction, and the surface structure changes to a polycrystal composed of long narrow crystals. The longitudinal direction of each crystal is related to the slip direction rather than the cutting direction. When turning is carried out along the slip direction, as in the case of turning along the [110] direction on the (110) plane, the longitudinal direction of the crystals coincides with the cutting direction.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (18181K) -
基本構想と凸成形装置池田 三章, 佐藤 史郎, 西沢 紘一1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1574-1578
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリーThis paper proposes a low cost fabrication method using concavo-convex micro connection for high quality optical devices, and also describes the newly designed convex forming equipment for obtaining this micro connection. The distinctive feature of this micro connection is to use optical fibers which are formed convex cone shape on the ends of them by newly designed etching equipment, and to use optical lenses which are formed concave cone shape on the ends of them by also newly designed precise micro heating press machine. First of all, the experiments are performed for forming convex cone shapes on the ends of optical fibers which are optical elements of optical collimators, optical splitters and so forth. For an example, the convex cone shape whose top angle α is approximately 1.8 rad and the height H is approximately 4.7 μm is formed on the end of step index type single mode optical fiber. Then, the value of back reflection BR of its optical fiber is also obtained -60 dB compared with -28 dB on flat finished end fiber under using a wavelength λ=1.3 μm.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (13167K) -
岩田 宗之, 高橋 英男, 佐々木 健, 高野 政晴1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1579-1583
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリーA sensor system to measure position and the orientation of a mobile robot has been developed. The system measures the robot's position and orientation every 40 msec with an accuracy of 10 mm, in range of 1.5m radius. In this system two or more infra-red LED marks are placed on the ceiling, and a 2D PSD sensor on the mobile robot faces toward them. The PSD senses relative position of a spot light from the mark, and the position and orientation of the PSD are calculated from the relative po-sition of the marks. Since pitching or rolling of the camera affects the 2D measurement, 3D measurement is incorporated. 3D position and orientation are calculated geometrically, using 3 marks. The emission of LED mark is controlled from the robot by sending infra-red light to the marks. Furthermore, lock-in amplifier is used to improve accuracy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (869K) -
反射形センサを用いた評価システムと発熱量に及ぼす設計パラメータの影響横山 和宏, 平倉 隆史, 鈴木 孝昌, 森脇 俊道1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1584-1588
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリーThe present research aims at establishing an accurate and reliable methodology to estimate the heat quantity generated during the rotation of spindle and to evaluate the characteristics of the spindles employed for various types of machining. The technique proposed here basically depends on the accurate measurement of the change in the rota-tional speed of spindle during its free run. A new method is presented in the present report to measure the rotational speed of spindle accurately in a rotational speed range up to 100000 rpm by applying a reflective sensor system. The method developed here was applied to estimate the heat quantity of various types of spindle. It was clarified through experiments that the surface roughness of the spindle rotor affects the heat quantity generated, and also that the coefficients of the thermal expansion of the rotor and spindle housing affect the clearance between the two and consequently the heat genera-tion. The effect of air stirring by the bolt holes is also discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (744K) -
光触針式2点法歯車歯形測定システムの試作奥山 栄樹, 清野 慧, 守時 一1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1589-1593
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリーThis paper describes a measuring system for tooth profiles of a gear. This system uses the optical 2 point method and the high speed and high accuracy are planned. The system was made and measurement using the system was performed. As a result, the high frequency component caused by vibration was rejected from the measured result and the effect of the 2 point method was confirmed. Further, the repeatability error was improved. It takes within 1 minute to measure that. This non-contact system can measure tooth profiles of a gear 5 to 10 times as fast as the former contact measuring system can.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (843K) -
鈴木 浩文, 小寺 直, 杉本 耕一, 太田 努1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1594-1598
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリーIn order to generate a very precise aspherical surface by means of a rectification machining, it is most important to improve the measurement accuracy of the workpiece form deviation. Furthermore, on-machine type measurement is useful for total machining efficiency. In this study, an on-machine system for measuring aspherical form accuracy was developed for optical devices such as mirrors, lenses and their moulding dies. The characteristics of this measurement system are as follows : (1) The measuring probe on the table of the grinding machine scans the surfaces of the symmetrical and aspherical workpieces using an NC (numerical control) program. (2) A contact type of sapphire ball probe was supported with the air-bearing and its deviation on the workpiece surface is detected by the LVDT (linear variable differential transformer). In the measurement tests, a calibration ball with 22 mm radius curvature was measured by this system and it was found that a measurement form accuracy of about ±0.04 μm was obtained. In grinding tests of the tungsten carbide moulding die with the measurement system, a form accuracy of 0.1 μm P-V was obtained.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (6544K) -
吉村 剛治, 秋山 伸幸, 吉田 昌弘, 小林 隆之1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1599-1603
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリーThe scanning detection system for a narrow crack on a ceramic plate has been developed. When a laser spot is illuminated on a ceramic plate, the laser is diffused within the ceramics and interrupted by the crack. The crack is detected automatically by detecting the difference of irradiants on each side of crack. In the experimental apparatus the laser spot is scanned with a polygon mirror and the distribution of irradiant on the ceramics is detected with a 2-divided photodiode. The high sensitivity for crack detection is obtained using a finite difference value of detected signal. Experimental results show that this crack detection technique detects the cracks of 0.5μm at an S/N ratio of 2 in the scanning process of laser spot.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (7315K) -
斉藤 文彦1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1604-1608
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリー(1) 半導体チップの位置抽出を正規化相関画像テンプレートマッチングにて行う際, テンプレートの探索効率を改善するために, ランダム探索と探索点の存続, 消滅及び生成の規則による適応型探索を組み合わせた手法を試みた.
(2) 探索点の次の探索ループへの存続率とランダム探索に用いる探索点数の割合であるランダム探索率の各々を変化させながら最適な探索パラメータを評価する実験を行った.その結果, 存続率が1%かつランダム探索率が60%の場合, 平均探索点数が最小となった.処理時間に関しては, 1画面あたり平均1275msとなった.また, 全空間順次探索と比較して60.3倍, ランダム探索と比較して22.9倍の探索効率が得られた.
(3) 本探索手法の有効性を確認するために, 他の4種類の画像について実験を行った結果, 各画像について全空間順次探索と比較して40倍以上, ランダム探索と比較して20倍以上の探索効率を得た.また, 探索点の存続率を数%と小さく設定し, ランダム探索率を60%から90%の範囲の高い値に設定することによって効率的な探索が行われることが分かった.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (13492K) -
光源部の温度ドリフトの補正張 世宙, 清野 慧1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1609-1613
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリーIt is important and effective to use angle information in profile measurement of ultra-precision surfaces. Very high sensitivity becomes necessary for angle displacement detection because of the high accuracy demand for this profile measurement. For this reason, development of high precision angle sensor is strongly needed. It has been reported that the noble performance of a newly developed angle sensor based on the principle of critical angle reflection. In order to improve the sensor stability and to approach 1/100 second accuracy, in this report, it has been added that a kind of compensator of thermal drift of the light source. The angle sensor consists of a semiconductor laser as the light source, an angle detector with two critical angle prisms, a compensator with two critical angle prisms and four photo-diodes. Two angle sensors of this kind with measuring range of 1800 s (arc) are developed, and are calibrated by the self-calibration method. It was found that the repeatability error of the mean sensitivity was improved to 0.01 %, and the linearity error was improved to 0.025 s (arc), moreover the error due to the thermal drift of the directional angle of the light source was reduced to be about 1/3 of original one.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (813K) -
静的精度と円運動精度奥山 繁樹, 渡辺 昇一郎, 河村 末久1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1614-1618
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリーThe authors previously developed the CBP method to precisely measure the circular motion errors of a high precision CNC grinding machine, and investigated the effects of the move-ment conditions and NC parameters on the error trajectory. In the present study, the static accuracy tests are performed to assess the characteristics in motion of the test machine. The obtained data, such as straight motion errors and squareness errors, change with the measured position where a. measurement device is fixed. Then, a new method for transforming the data obtained at the measured position to that at the end of the wheel spindle is proposed. The error trajectory under the circular motion is computed by using the obtained data and the proposed transforming method. The estimated results are similar to the measured error trajectories. This implies that the proposed method is properly used for the transformation of the error vector and the prediction of the motion errors.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (991K) -
理論解析家城 淳, 松井 圭司, 梨木 政行, 羽根 一博1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1619-1623
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリーThe light intensity diffracted from the superimposed dual transmission grating is sensitive to their relative lateral displacement. However, the light intensity as a function of lateral displacement generally deviates from the sinusoidal variation (signal distortion) and is affected by the air gap between them. In order to reduce the signal distortion, a new optical encoder using modulated pitch grating was proposed at 1st report. This paper presents the theory of the proposed encoder. The index scale has a modulated pitch grating, in which the distances between the grating slits vary a little. A photo-detector is assumed to be fixed on the rear surface of the index scale. The theoretical equation for the displacement signals and the basic design method of the modulated pitch grating are presented. The calculated results agree with experimental results.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (992K) -
磁力による非接触位置決め方法の検討進士 忠彦, 佐藤 海二, 橋本 剛, 村井 誠一郎, 下河辺 明1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1624-1628
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリーMagnetic bearings haven't been used as precision bearings. Purpose of the research is to realize precision magnetic bearings. As the first step, this paper reports the results of the positioning performance of three kinds of non-contact supporting mechanisms using magnetic force; (1) a piezoelectric actuator (PEA) and permanent magnet type, (2) an electromagnet and permanent magnet type; and (3) an electromagnet type. In the first mechanism, the object is levitated by repulsion force of permanent magnets and driven by PEAs; in the second mechanism, the object is levitated the same as the first mechanism and driven by electromagnets; and in the third mechanism, the object is levitated and driven by the same electromagnets. In these mechanisms, high resolution sensor is used as a feedback sensor. The experimental results show that the positioning accuracy is 30nm for PEAs and permanent magnets, 15nm for electromagnets and permanent magnets, and 12nm for electromagnets alone and that the positioning accuracy depends on the sensor resolution.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (811K) -
水本 洋, 藪田 義人, 暢 志軍, 津村 直子1995 年 61 巻 11 号 p. 1629-1633
発行日: 1995/11/05
公開日: 2009/07/23
ジャーナル フリーThe direct contour mapping (DCM) algorithm, which was proposed and developed by the authors, is effective for automated contour mapping around a peak of a solid body. For mapping of a solid body with multi peaks, the faculties for recognizing the shape of contour lines and for deducing the position of independent peaks should be needed. The DCM system in the present paper consists of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM), a personal computer (PC) and an engineering-workstation (EWS). With the DCM algorithm, the PC controls the CMM to measure a contour line of the solid body, then the shape of the measured contour line is represented by a chain code and sent to the EWS. The EWS analyzes the chain code data to recognize the shape of the contour line. The result of recognition is sent back to the PC, where the PC deduces the presentation and position of independent peaks. Experimental results of measurement for solid bodies having three and more peaks are shown.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5104K)
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