精密工学会誌
Online ISSN : 1882-675X
Print ISSN : 0912-0289
ISSN-L : 0912-0289
63 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の22件中1~22を表示しています
  • 大塚 二郎, 坂戸 啓一郎, 堀内 宰, 久曽神 煌
    1997 年 63 巻 6 号 p. 762-766
    発行日: 1997/06/05
    公開日: 2010/02/16
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 保坂 寛
    1997 年 63 巻 6 号 p. 767-771
    発行日: 1997/06/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    機械の運動と制御に関する研究専門委員会の活動について, 情報通信機器の運動と制御, ならびにマイクロダイナミクスを解説した.情報通信システムにメカトロニクスを用いる意義は, 空間運動の導入により機器構成が単純化されることにあり, その性能はマイクロ化により向上する.本稿では, それらの実例と基礎的な解析技術を示した.情報通信機器におけるマイクロダイナミクスの研究は始まったばかりであり, 今後の発展が期待される.
  • 横川 和彦, 田辺 実, 今井 智康, 小林 博人, 高橋 邦夫
    1997 年 63 巻 6 号 p. 772-777
    発行日: 1997/06/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 山根 八洲男, 越智 秋雄, 鳴瀧 則彦
    1997 年 63 巻 6 号 p. 778-782
    発行日: 1997/06/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 梅田 靖, 冨山 哲男, 吉川 弘之
    1997 年 63 巻 6 号 p. 795-800
    発行日: 1997/06/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Although functional design is crucial within a design process, difficulties in dealing with functions prevented traditional CAD technology based on geometric modeling from supporting functional design. This paper proposes a new methodology for modeling functions, called FBS (Function-Behavior-State) modeling. The FBS modeling represents a function as an association of the designer's intention and a behavior needed for realizing the function. This paper also describes a computer tool to support functional design based on the FBS modeling. This tool, called the FBS Modeler, supports a designer not only to verify design solutions with qualitative simulation but also to generate design solutions through decomposition of specified functions and embodiment of decomposed functions. Experimental design case studies demonstrate the importance and advantages of the FBS modeling.
  • 黒田 満, 斉藤 剛, 渡辺 由美子, 東 正毅
    1997 年 63 巻 6 号 p. 801-806
    発行日: 1997/06/05
    公開日: 2010/02/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    クロソイドスプライン補間曲線の自然な拡張として曲率プロファイルを1~2次のB-スプラインで表わして制御することができる2種類の曲率連続な補間曲線を, 先の曲線導出法を大きく変えることなく統一的に導くことができるようになった.記号式もデータとする簡潔なアルゴリズムと周知の曲線からの良い初期値・デフォルト値を採用することによって, これらの柔軟性の高い曲線を煩わしさなく利用できることがわかった.いくつかの例によって検証した結果, 予期せぬウネリの少ない好ましい曲率プロファイルをもつ形状を設計できる補間法であることがわかった.
    今後, この考え方をさらに拡張して曲率が弧長の2~3次関数となるG3連続な曲線やそれらの複合曲線を考えて, 曲率プロファイルの制御による補間曲線の形状設計法をおし進めてゆくつもりである.
  • -原子頂点の追跡とヨーイング測定-
    佐久田 茂, ヨセフ=トーミ カマル
    1997 年 63 巻 6 号 p. 807-811
    発行日: 1997/06/05
    公開日: 2010/05/07
    ジャーナル フリー
    原子ピークの追跡を用いた角度変化 (ヨーイング) 測定の基礎実験を行った.
    (1) 探針回転法によって, グラファイト原子のピークを検出できた.
    (2) 原子ピークの追跡による角度変化 (ヨーイング) 測定に関しては, 計算値と実験値では差がみられた.計算値2×10-8radの角度変化に対して, 実験値は9×10-8radであった.その差の原因としては, トンネル電流の安定性不足, 切欠きヒンジの不具合 (グラファイトの垂直方向への変位の発生), 圧電素子の非線形性などが考えられる.
    今後の課題としては, トンネル電流の安定化, 量子箱・グレーティング等の原子に代わる規則的微小パターンの追跡ターゲットとしての利用, 再現性チェック, 3つの角度検出の非干渉性の検証などが挙げられる.
  • 太田 順, 潮崎 成弘, 新井 民夫
    1997 年 63 巻 6 号 p. 812-818
    発行日: 1997/06/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper presents recognition methodology of motion from 2 dimensional images. The following two problems are discussed : (1) how to define features for the recognition. (2) how to realize pattern matching. For (1), authors classify features into two : temporal ones and sequential one. Distances are defined with respect to two features. For (2), dynamic programming is introduced because of robustness of phase deflection, expansion and contraction. Recognizing experiments on the finger language showed the effectivenss of the proposed algorithm.
  • 各種固体材料
    山下 忠興, 今里 勝三郎, 細川 晃, 神谷 正人
    1997 年 63 巻 6 号 p. 819-823
    発行日: 1997/06/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    It was reported in the former paper that, when a fused quartz is scratched by an abrasive grain, a series of pit (5-30μm) array can be formed and a series of light pulse array corresponding to the pit array is found to emit. In this report, various solid samples were subjected to observe the pulses and to estimate the momentary temperatures. The temperature was found to have a relation to the thermal conductivity of the material. Silicate materials (SiO2 : fused quartz, single crystal and Pyrex glass), which have low thermal conductivities, show rather high temperature, even emitting line spectra near 300nm suggesting desorption of O2 molecules from SiO2. Diamond show rather low temperature, about 1500°C inspite of having the highest hardness, it is because the thermal conductivity κ is 2000W/mK, 1500 times that of the fused quartz. Metals having brittle nature emit pulses, however, they show rather low temperatures reflecting their high κ.
  • 本田 智
    1997 年 63 巻 6 号 p. 824-828
    発行日: 1997/06/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    ダイナミックダンパで指を制振させたグリッパの特徴をまとめると次のようになる.
    (1) グリッパの指を (振動子=吸振ばね=把握指=支持ばね) のように2自由度振動系で構成し, 把握指内部で偏心荷重を回転させて周期的強制力を発生させ, この偏心荷重の回転角度と位相角度差を制御して把握指を制振させる.
    (2) 制振させた把握指の間で物体を把握し, 両指に取り付けた振動子の振幅がゼロになるように把握力を調節したとき, その時の把握力が物体を滑り落とさず, かつ, 握り過ぎでない最適な力になる.
    (3) 重さと摩擦係数が未知な物体やそれらが変動する物体に対して初期把握動作と把握修正動作を行うと, 物体を常に最適な力で, かつ, 制振させた状態で把握することができる.
  • 渡部 成夫, 吉富 進, 山脇 敏彦, 藤本 信義, 大津 誠
    1997 年 63 巻 6 号 p. 829-833
    発行日: 1997/06/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    A technique to improve the tracking of initial and terminal position of trace particles for particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) is presented. In this system, three separate images of the trace particles at their initial and terminal positions, and along their pathlines are made using a color TV camera and three RGB lights, and are stored separately as R- and G- and B-images. Using the green image of the trace-particle pathlines, the pair of trace-particle images at the initial and terminal position is determined that overlaps the endpoints of each pathline image, and velocity vectors are calculated. This system was used to measure the movement of white artificial tracers painted on two counter-rotating tables. Despite the fact that the two groups of tracer to move in opposite directions on the measuring-field plane, correct velocity vectors of all trace particle images were obtained.
  • 効率解析とオルダム型出力取出機構の開発
    寺田 英嗣, 牧野 洋, 今瀬 憲司
    1997 年 63 巻 6 号 p. 834-838
    発行日: 1997/06/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The Cycloid Ball Reducer has been developed for robot actuator. A motion principle of the reducer has been analyzed, and optimal design method using theoretical strength has been shown. In this report, a calculation method of the reducer's theoretical efficiency is shown. Then, using this method, the design parameters are investigated to make an optimal shape of trochoidal groove. The Oldham's type output mechanism is developed, as like as Oldham's coupling. Also a motion principle and an efficiency of this output mechanism are shown. It is clear that type output mechanism has a small efficiency fluctuation caused by kinematic motion. But this value is smaller than that value caused by machining error. And then, the prototype reducer is tested, it is proved that these theoretical efficiency can be estimated using proposed calculation method.
  • 孫 萍, 清野 慧
    1997 年 63 巻 6 号 p. 839-843
    発行日: 1997/06/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    An optical skid that uses the wide range of the critical angle method has a smoothing effect on high spatial frequency components. In the present paper, the extent of smoothing is estimated on grooves and gratings by calculating the intensity distribution on a detection photodiode taking into account the spherical aberration of the objective lens. Computer simulation shows that the spherical aberration of the lens at the image plane where the photodiode has been placed is the main factor responsible for the smoothing effect, the smoothing effect increases as the aberration increases. It is also shown that the ray which has twice reflections on the surface profile is another cause of the smoothing effect. Furthermore, with respect to grooves, the characteristics of the smoothing effect are seen to be related to the width and depth of the grooves, they increase as the depth increases or the width decreases. Good agreement is observed between the simulation results and the experimental results.
  • 可逆型TiNi薄膜の場合の変形特性と組織分析
    栗林 勝利, 清水 聖治, 吉竹 正明, 小川 倉一
    1997 年 63 巻 6 号 p. 844-848
    発行日: 1997/06/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The several characteristics of TiNi thin films treated by the new method, direct Joule's heat crystallization treatment method, were compared with those treated by conventional heat treatment method in an electrical furnace. As the results, the followings were clarified for reversible TiNi thin films : (1) the crystal compositions of the TiNi thin films treated by the new method were same as those by the conventional method, (2) moreover, the TiNi thin films treated by the new method were deformed larger than those by the conventional method, and (3) the optimum heat treatment condition for producing larger deformable TiNi thin film is found as 600°C×1 minute. From these results, the new crystallization heat treatment method is very useful for TiNi thin film actuators.
  • 今井 健一郎, 橋本 洋
    1997 年 63 巻 6 号 p. 849-853
    発行日: 1997/06/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the shear-mode grinding of brittle materials, the performance of grinding wheels is often described as the grinding force, which usually changes during the process. However, it was ascertained that a steady constant grinding force exists under shear-mode grinding of optical glass of BK7. The existence of this constant force results in the following characteristics : 1) no residual stock removal, 2) no necessity of dressing, 3) no cracks in the ground surface. This paper demonstrates experimentally that the constant force is a repeatable deterministic function of grinding conditions including materials and wheel's surface.
  • 杉浦 修, 今橋 孝弘, 水口 正男
    1997 年 63 巻 6 号 p. 854-858
    発行日: 1997/06/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The magnetic barrel finishing machine was developed by applying the magnetic field rotation of an AC motor, whose rotor was removed. The electric and magnetic characteristics were measured by a trial machine, and the relation between the current and flux density was investigated. Furthermore, the flux density of the cylindri-cal space was measured in various directions. Informations on a new cylindrical type magnetic barrel finishing machine was obtained from the results of the experiments, and used to manufacture the new machine. The proper combination of the magnetic media, water, compound and abrasives can only determined by experiments. The media mass state in the direction of height was investigated, and improvement of the container was proposed by the authors. Based on the results, cast products of such precious metals as gold, silver and platinum were finish-ed by using a machine. This machine has succeeded in finishing precious metal castings with complex shapes and comparatively large sizes.
  • 植松 整三, 加藤 正名
    1997 年 63 巻 6 号 p. 859-863
    発行日: 1997/06/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Finish roll forming by forced displacement can be conceived as a method of eliminating errors in conventional form rolling under constant loads. This method produces a high-precision tooth profile by low-speed form rolling when a high rigid screw or cam is used at the pressurized section. In this study, the high-speed rolling conditions necessary to allow the new method to be applied in practical situations is discussed. The following conclusion was obtained : The module, number of teeth, addendum modification coefficient, prescribed design precision, and material characteristics are necessary for gear design data.Using these data, the precision of a form-rolled gear can be predicted from the relationship between the applied forced displacement of the tool and the theoretically calculated plastic deformation of the tooth profile.This conclusion was verified experimentally. For example, form rolling improves the accuracy of gear of module 5 from JIS class 3 to JIS class 0 or 1 when the loading force of the tool is 4 to 5 kN and the circumferential speed is 7 m/min.
  • 乾 保之, 生田 稔郎, 伊藤 征司郎
    1997 年 63 巻 6 号 p. 864-868
    発行日: 1997/06/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study has demonstrated the possibility of cutting four types of plasma sprayed ceramics on an Al2O3-TiO2 system using sintered diamond tools. This experiment investigates the fundamental cutting mechanism, tool wear and machined surfaces. Presently, sprayed ceramics are difficult situation to finish by way of cutting. Because, these materials are formed with laminated small spray particles, and the structure is highly anisotropy, and include some small pores in the grain boundary. Cracks caused by the cutting are developed along grain boundary. These many small cracks or fractures on the machind surfaces are formed due to the cutting. The progress of cracks due to the cutting depend on the direction of the sprayed deposit structure. Even by use of the diamond tool, the frank wear is stronger for cutting of the sprayed ceramics, but the cutting edge was observed as having no occurrence of cracks. The main factor of tool wear is abrasive wear. The structure the machined surfaces classified into the four categories, which are plastic deformation, cutting, small cracks on the sprayed particle and cracks in the grain boundary.
  • 砥粒の追加供給を行う場合
    吉岡 正人, 萩原 純一
    1997 年 63 巻 6 号 p. 869-873
    発行日: 1997/06/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The time dependent distribution of abrasive grain size in a lapping process has been obtained from the simulation which was described in the last paper. It has also prescribed the decrease in the amount of effective working grains. This paper describes a new analytical procedure to estimate a rational amount of additional abrasives at each time of repeated supply from the simulatiOn result. It is based on the concept that the rational amount is what is necessary and sufficient to supplement the decrease mentioned above. It is shown that the analytically estimated rational amount decreases with time in the beginning of a lapping process, however it gradually reaches a constant value. This seems to be due to the decrease in effectively working grains with time. Finally a lapping test is performed supplying the estimated amount of abrasive grains. The result shows that the additional supply is sufficiently effective, there fore it suggests that this analytical procedure and its fundamental concept are reasonable.
  • 和田 一啓, 竹内 芳美
    1997 年 63 巻 6 号 p. 874-878
    発行日: 1997/06/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    6-Axis control machining by use of non-rotational cutting tools offers a variety of machining possibilities in combination with the conventional machining by use of rotational cutting tools. The study deals with sculptured surface finishing as one of typical 6-axis control machining applications, where a non-rotational cutting tool is fed along sculptured surfaces to finish a workpiece with the cusp height as low as possible. The machining by use of ball end mills often requires the tool change to adapt their cutting edge radius to a surface curvature of workpieces to be machined, which leads to the deterioration of surface quality. To carry out the surface finishing without tool change, a new concept is proposed that a cutting edge radius of non-rotational cutting tool is virtually varied by changing the cross-sectional configuration of cutting edge through the rotation and inclination around the tool axis. The method is put into the main processor to generate CL data. From experimental results, the method is found to be valid in finishing sculptured surfaces with a kind of non-rotational tools to some extent.
  • 横内 正洋, 大石 健司
    1997 年 63 巻 6 号 p. 879-883
    発行日: 1997/06/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The Al2O3/TiC/SiC whisker tools are fabricated with a view to improve mechanical properties, such as bending strength, hardness and fracture toughness of Al2O3/TiC composites. But, it has been said that the wear of the SiC whisker content ceramic tool results from the reaction between Si in tools and Fe in work materials in the case of steel cutting. This paper presents the reaction between Si and Fe, and the cutting performance of the Al2O3/TiC/SiC whisker tool. Then the reaction between crushed Al2O3/TiC/SiC whisker tool and carbonyl iron powder is analyzed by DTA and EPMA. The result of the DTA analysis is that the exothermic peak appears at 1160°C as the diffusion of Si into Fe. And the results are obtained by the cutting test with wear resisting copper cast alloy, the wear of Al2O3/TiC/SiC whisker tool decreases with the increasing SiC whisker contents. On the other hand, it is found that in cutting of S45C and FCD500-7, the tool wear of Al2O3/TiC/SiC whisker tool increases with the increasing SiC whisker contents. And the wear mechanism of Al2O3/TiC/SiC whisker tool has been discussed.
  • 永井 岳彦, 平田 敦, 吉川 昌範
    1997 年 63 巻 6 号 p. 884-888
    発行日: 1997/06/05
    公開日: 2010/02/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    研削加工のマイクロ加工への適用を検討するため.小型のNC研削加工機を試作し, 微小セラミックス部品の研削加工を行い, 以下の結論を得た.
    (1) 砥石周速の同じ条件下でも, 研削抵抗の小さくなる砥石径が存在し, さらに各砥石径について研削抵抗の小さな粒度が存在する.
    (2) 砥石の粒度が小さいほど表面粗さの小さい微小円柱を製作することができる.
    (3) 直径5mm, #800砥石が微小部品の製作に適した砥石であり.それを用いてアルミナ, ジルコニアおよび窒化けい素で円柱を製作することを試み.長さ2mmでそれぞれ直径60μm.25μm.150μmの円柱を得た.その値は曲げ強度の大きいセラミックスほど小さい.
    (4) 直径5mm, #800砥石を用い, ジルコニアで長さ2mmの段付き円柱と一辺が100μmの角柱を製作した.
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