精密工学会誌
Online ISSN : 1882-675X
Print ISSN : 0912-0289
ISSN-L : 0912-0289
65 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の22件中1~22を表示しています
  • 1999 年 65 巻 6 号 p. 787-788
    発行日: 1999/06/05
    公開日: 2009/04/10
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 新井 実, 上原 邦雄
    1999 年 65 巻 6 号 p. 789-792
    発行日: 1999/06/05
    公開日: 2009/04/10
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 上田 完次, 杉村 延広, 荒井 栄司
    1999 年 65 巻 6 号 p. 793-798
    発行日: 1999/06/05
    公開日: 2009/04/10
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 白石 昌武, 楠井 直樹
    1999 年 65 巻 6 号 p. 799-804
    発行日: 1999/06/05
    公開日: 2009/04/10
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 稲葉 善治, 伊藤 進
    1999 年 65 巻 6 号 p. 805-809
    発行日: 1999/06/05
    公開日: 2009/04/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this paper, the life tests of the ball screw for electric injection molding machines are carried out. The ball screw for the injection drive is operated under the special condition such as a heavy load (max. 283kN) and the small stroke factor (ball screw stroke / actual nut length). Based on the experimental results, the ball screw life and the calculation method of the basic dynamic load rating are discussed. The main results are as follows: (1) Instead of the new calculation method of the basic dynamic load rating which has been used in a ball screw manufacture's catalog for these ten years, the old method based on the Lundberg and Palmgren's theory can be applied for the short-stroke ball screw life. (2) The heavy load ball screw of which the middle return-tube is located the other side, has a better contact force distribution compared with that of the normal ball screw. And this modified force distribution realized the longer life.
  • 盧 炳沃, 尹 哲皓
    1999 年 65 巻 6 号 p. 810-814
    発行日: 1999/06/05
    公開日: 2009/04/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Automated Visual Inspection (AVI) capability has become an important key component in the automated manufacturing system. In such a visual inspection system an intensity image of a scene is quickly affected by optical property of objects, condition and roughness of surface, lens and filters, image sensor property and lighting system. In particular, the lighting system design is the most important factor, since it affects overall performance of the visual system. In this paper, the lighting subsystem of AVI system is analyzed for the inspection of PCB patterns. The reflection property is theoretically obtained by a reflection model and also obtained by experiments which measure intensity with varying the viewing direction of image sensor and the lighting direction of illuminator. The illumination uniformity of a ring-type illuminator is measured with varying the diameter of illuminator and the distance between object and illuminator. The lighting systems designed based upon the experimental results and theoretical analysis.
  • 後藤 聡, 中村 政俊, 鄒 俊忠, 久良 修郭
    1999 年 65 巻 6 号 p. 815-819
    発行日: 1999/06/05
    公開日: 2009/04/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Reduced order model configuration of industrial mechatronic servo systems is proposed. The order of the reduced order models for an, industrial mechatronic servo system was selected appropriately for respective operating speed. The constructed reduced order models were verified based on the experimental equipment of a DC servo motor with a mechanical load. The reduced order models can be effectively used not only for the understanding of the characteristics of the dynamics of the industrial mechatronic servo systems but also for the model for the development of control strategy.
  • 逆解析によるぼけた画像からの高精度エッジ位置検出
    早瀬 仁則, 中山 智, 初澤 毅, 丸山 一男
    1999 年 65 巻 6 号 p. 820-824
    発行日: 1999/06/05
    公開日: 2009/04/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    A new method to precisely detect coordinates of the edge position in a blurred image is proposed. Stereo vision, techniques are widely used to measure the dimension of objects. However, it is difficult to apply the stereo vision techniques to small objects, because the most area of images taken through microscopes are blurred due to the narrow depth of field and the accuracy of the edge detection in those images is deteriorated. In order to obtain the position of the blurred edges with high accuracy, ray tracing numerical simulation method of blurred images is developed and an inverse analysis using the simulation is employed to detect the edge position. Some experiments using mono-vision probe and stereo-vision probe are performed using a simple specimen. As a result, maximum error of x-z coordinates by stereo vision is less than the size of one CCD pixel (3.8μm) over the any part of images. It is found that precise coordinates detection of edge position is possible through inverse analysis even though the images are blurred.
  • 画像取得における偏光特性利用の効果と測定誤差の理論的考察
    松岡 浩仁, 賀勢 晋司, 本田 貴章
    1999 年 65 巻 6 号 p. 825-829
    発行日: 1999/06/05
    公開日: 2009/04/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study aims to develop an accuracy measurement method of the tooth profile error of minute module gears. The principle of measurement is based on the optical cutting method. This report describes a measuring system employing a linearly polarized laser beam as a light source and polarizers. Among the light reflecting from the surface, the depolarized component of the light scattered from the surface is detected while the specularly reflected light is eliminated by using a polarizer. Because this technique leads to the effect of equalizing the intensity of light reflecting from the measuring tooth surface, the noise factors caused by the glaring light reflecting from the tooth crest can be eliminated. Moreover, calculating geometrically the optical cutting images in consideration of setup errors in optical axes, deformations involved in the images obtained by the CCD camera become clear.
  • 線形振動モデルによるシミュレーション
    鈴木 茂樹, 酒井 保男, 柳下 福蔵
    1999 年 65 巻 6 号 p. 830-834
    発行日: 1999/06/05
    公開日: 2009/04/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    To understand the relation between arterial pressure (AP) waves and intracranial pressure (ICP) pulse waves, animal experiments using cats and computer simulation based on linear vibration model are carried out. In animal experiments, acute brain compression by epidural balloon inflation is performed. By increasing of ICP at the beginning of experiments, the equivalent compliance estimated by computer simulation decreases to low value. Although ICP returns to low by balloon deflation, the equivalent compliance remains low. These results suggest that the compliance estimated by the computer simulation is available for the indicator of pathological changes in intracranial functions.
  • 特性の解析およびコンプライアンス制御
    松本 潔, 畑村 洋太郎, 中尾 政之
    1999 年 65 巻 6 号 p. 835-839
    発行日: 1999/06/05
    公開日: 2009/04/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Force information is indispensable to accurate control of tools in precise machining. However, usual force sensors may disturb a machining system because of their low rigidity. The authors have proposed an active force sensor which has an actuation capability and detection capabilities for force and displacement. This sensor can improve its rigidity by position control with the actuator. In this paper, structure and mechanical characteristics of the active force sensor are analyzed. Feedback control system to change compliance of the sensor is developed. With the sensor and the control system, arbitrary compliance control, including position control and force control, is achieved.
  • 立位姿勢制御系の同定とその極配置
    菊池 誠, 白石 昌武
    1999 年 65 巻 6 号 p. 840-844
    発行日: 1999/06/05
    公開日: 2009/04/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    A new evaluation method for human dynamics has been proposed based on the measurement of swaying condition in the standing position. This measures the center of gravity of a subject when a simple load is applied to him. The aim of this measurement is to evaluate the ability of stance posture control of a subject. The control system was identified by using an auto-regressive moving average exogenous model and an extended least squares method, and then its transfer function was obtained in a discrete form. The effectiveness of the system identification was confirmed by the experimentand simulation. In order to characterize its control performance, the poles of the transfer function were all plotted in a z-plane. This mapping approach well indicates the human stance condition.
  • 表面温度推定式の導出
    吉澤 高志
    1999 年 65 巻 6 号 p. 845-850
    発行日: 1999/06/05
    公開日: 2009/04/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The feasibility is investigated of estimating the flash temperature of intermittent magnetic head/media contacts using the output of a magnetoresistive (MR) micro-sensor embedded in the head. On the assumption that a uniform square heat source moves on the head surface at a high speed, an apporoximate relationship between the surface temperature rise and the sensor output change is presented by applying the profile method in heat conduction theory. In order to calculate the surface temperature using this relationship, it is necessary to know the heat source width. In this paper, the width is assumed to be equal to its length that can be observed from the sensor output increasing duration. A finite difference numerical simulation is performed to verify the estimation accuracy of this method for different sensor heights in the range from 2.5 to 20 L' m. The influences of the thermal properties of the sensor surrounding material are also made clear. As a result, in the case of MR sensor NiFe and its surrounding material A12O3-TiC, the surface temperature can be estimated with an accuracy of about 10% for sensors of less than 10 u- m high and a heat source duration more than 0.5μs.
  • 研磨特性に及ぼす硫黄の影響
    友田 英幸, 北嶋 弘一, 仲井 正徳, 山本 修太郎, 長岡 伸一
    1999 年 65 巻 6 号 p. 851-856
    発行日: 1999/06/05
    公開日: 2009/04/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Polishing fluids have been developed for titanium alloy, which can be machined only with extreme difficulty, using lapping tape coated with SiC abrasive grain on tetoron taffeta. The introduction of sulfurized fatty acid into the polishing fluids greatly improved the polishing characteristics. In this paper, it was cleared that (1) polishing characteristics was not only improved in cases of polishing fluid contained sulfurized fatty acid but also in case of the solution of lwt% ditertdodecylpolysulfide in butylcarbitol. (2) From the results of XPS measurements after polishing operation, when used polishing fluid contained sulfurized fatty acid, a metal oxide phase on the surface was thicker than without sulfurized one. (3) From the results of the reaction analysis of sulfuric molecules on titanium metal surface (4 kinds of conformation) using ab initio molecular orbital method, the total energy calculation showed that H2S molecule reacted on titanium atom with the stabilizing energy of 22.4 kcal/mol and the optimized configuration of the reacted H2S was found at 2.16 Å on the top site of titanium atom and the bond distance was shorter than Ti-S bond distance of 2.42Å in titanium disulfide.
  • 設計公式の構築
    樋口 誠宏, 矢野 章成, 山本 登, 山口 智実, 大海 英二, 松森 昇, 吉沢 功
    1999 年 65 巻 6 号 p. 857-861
    発行日: 1999/06/05
    公開日: 2009/04/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    A common design technology of machine products is to verify whether an assumed physical structure correctly implements the specified function or not. In the case of porous superfinishing stones, however, the design technology depends on the trial manufacture and test. That very empirical way of designing is requiring urgently to discuss the engineered design. Therefore, the establishment of an integrated design procedure, from producing a preliminary drawing of stone structure in conformity to the specified cutting performance to quantifying the manufacturing parameters of the stone, has been intended. In this paper, the seemingly complex and irregular structures of the superfinishing stones have been described using fractal geometry which provides a geometric model for the stone structures at the same time. Further, the intrinsic parameter characterizing fractally the stone structure has been related experimentally to the manufacturing parameters and the cutting performance of the stones.
  • 加工条件の評価関数について
    呉 勇波, 庄司 克雄, 厨川 常元, 立花 亨
    1999 年 65 巻 6 号 p. 862-866
    発行日: 1999/06/05
    公開日: 2009/04/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    In centerless grinding, it is indispensable to provide an evaluation function of grinding conditions for the purpose of automatically selecting the optimum setup parameters by closed-loop control to minimize workpiece roundness error. In this paper, the workpiece rounding mechanism is investigated analytically. It is found that the rounding behavior can be characterized by a function called the waviness decrease rate. For the given setup parameters, the grinding conditions are evaluated by calculating the waviness decrease rate. Simulations and experiments were conducted and the results were compared to those of the calculation. It was found that the waviness decrease rate can be used as the evaluation function.
  • 高橋 一郎, 安斎 正博, 中川 威雄
    1999 年 65 巻 6 号 p. 867-871
    発行日: 1999/06/05
    公開日: 2009/04/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Experiments were conducted to investigate the tool wear of small diameter coated cemented carbide ball end mills using an ultra high speed milling machine with a maximum speed of 120000 min-1 and feed speed of 100 m/min. The results showed that the tool life is suitable for actual use and indicated that the flank wear at the external circumference of the tool, where speed is maximum, determines the tool life. As the tool wear of this area conforms to Taylor's law, the cutting power required increases as wear progresses. Although the finished surface also deteriorates, the degree is slight. Experiments were also performed on wear reduction by changing conditions. The results showed that the feed rate and real cutting speed contribute considerably to wear, and serve as a criteria for selecting the optimum cutting conditions.
  • 橋村 雅之, David A. DORNFELD
    1999 年 65 巻 6 号 p. 872-877
    発行日: 1999/06/05
    公開日: 2009/04/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Burrs make troubles on production lines in terms of deburring cost, quality of products and automation. The results in burr researches were effective on the specific cases but it is difficult to apply to other conditions, because burrs found in production lines were various in shape and size. Therefore generalized and systematic understanding of formation mechanism for various burrs was required. Moreover the, classification based on formation mechanism is considered to be useful to solve the burr problems in future. In this study, burr formation mechanism was analyzed and a classification method of burrs was proposed. Main object is exit burrs formed in milling operations and its formation mechanism was predicted with observation of burrs. To predict and verify the burr formation mechanism, some experiments were conducted. Terms of burrs were defined for easy understanding when it was necessary. Some burrs observed in experiment were classified as examples. As results, important factors in burr formation were clarified and the proposed classification method of burrs was effective in generality.
  • 高田 芳治, 山岡 義典, 鈴木 賢司, 水本 洋, 有井 士郎
    1999 年 65 巻 6 号 p. 878-882
    発行日: 1999/06/05
    公開日: 2009/04/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    A new type of machining center is designed for realizing higher productivity. The specification of the machining center to be designed is determined by a cycle time analysis. The simulator used for this cycle time analysis is programmed by the authors and implemented on a microcomputer. The simulator analyses an NC program for machining a machine part, and calculates the time required for each machining operation, such as positioning, cutting, and tool changing, then sums up each operation time to output the cycle time for machining the part. The result of the simulation indicates that the cycle time can be decreased by increasing the cutting speed, therefore by increasing the rotational speed and output power of the main spindle. Higher feed rate and acceleration of the feed drives are effective for improving the productivity only when the cutting speed is increased. Based on the result of simulation, the specification of the machining center for higher productivity is determined as follows; the maximum speed of the main spindle is 30000 rpm, the maximum motor output power is 54 kW, and the maximum feed rate and acceleration of the feed drives are 60 m/min and 10m/s2, respectively. According to the specification, a machining center for higher productivity is made, and the cycle time for machining a machine part is measured. The cycle time measurement indicates that the productivity of this improved machining center is much higher than that of a conventional machining center.
  • 硬ぜい材料の研削加工に関する研究(第2報)
    細川 晃, 安井 平司, 樋口 浩司, 佐藤 郁
    1999 年 65 巻 6 号 p. 883-887
    発行日: 1999/06/05
    公開日: 2009/04/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    This report deals with the grinding heat partition into workpiece for two kinds of fine ceramics-normally sintered silicon carbide (SSC) and normally sintered silicon nitride (SSN)-in wet grinding. Based on a simple model of heat transfer in wet grinding in such that some portions of the total grinding energy (=q) is conducted into workpiece as heat (=qw) and part of qw flows into grinding fluid by convection (=qf) through the ground surface in the wheel-work interference zone, the heat partition into workpiece Rw is calculated. The heat partition of SSC is not affected so much by both table speed and wheel depth of cut with water-based grinding fluid. In the case of SSN, on the other hand, Rw increases from approximately 5% to 35% as table speed increases from 0.2 to 15 m/min. At lower table speed below approximately 1 m/min, however, the heat partitions are little influenced by table speed, in which the fragmented finished surface like SSC is dominant. The abrasive-workpiece interaction of SSN is affected by the grinding zone temperature, so that the surface morphology varies with grinding conditions as well as grinding heat partitions under the conventional grinding conditions.
  • 片桐 匡教, 難波 義治
    1999 年 65 巻 6 号 p. 888-892
    発行日: 1999/06/05
    公開日: 2009/04/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) called KDP was ground by an ultraprecision surface grinder having a glass-ceramic spindle. of extremely-low thermal expansion with various cup-type resinoid-bonded diamond wheels under various grinding fluids. Grinding fluid is a key factor of performing ultraprecision grinding of KDP crystal, because the crystal is extremely deliquescent. The grinding modes such as ductile, ductile & fracture, and fracture modes are affected by the grinding speed, depth of cut, feed per wheel revolution, average grain size of diamond wheels. The surface roughness depends upon the grinding direction, grain size, feed per wheel revolution, viscosity of silicone oil and kind of alcohol as an additive. The optical surface of 0.553nm rms, 3.40nm Ry in surface roughness, measured with TOPO-2D, 40×has been obtained by using SD5000-75-B diamond wheel after grinding of LHG-8 laser glass with a mixture of 10cSt silicone oil and 5wt% heptanol as grinding fluid.
  • 中島 利勝, 吉川 満雄, 塚本 真也, 竹原 健一
    1999 年 65 巻 6 号 p. 893-897
    発行日: 1999/06/05
    公開日: 2009/04/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study is to analyze the requisite conditions of grinding wheel topography for improving surface finish. In this report, a wide variety of wheel surface topography is examined with the previously developed simulation in which measured distribution of mounting spring constant, dimensional position and shape of abrasive grains are considered. The simulation makes clear that the necessity of wheel surface topography for the fine ground surface profile are to have the extremely small spring constant of grain mounting in a very top surface and its higher average and variation in the inner position from the wheel surface. In addition, to true up the grain edge position and to make a pointed edge of grains flat are necessary. The knowledge obtained from these analysis may be an important guideline in manufacturing, dressing and truing a grinding wheel.
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