Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering
Online ISSN : 1882-675X
Print ISSN : 0912-0289
ISSN-L : 0912-0289
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Volume 73, Issue 12
Displaying 1-29 of 29 articles from this issue
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Paper
  • Micro Self-Sharpening of Cutting Edges in cBN Grinding
    Masakazu FUJIMOTO, Yoshio ICHIDA, Ryunosuke SATO, Yoshitaka MORIMOTO
    2007 Volume 73 Issue 12 Pages 1319-1324
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.73.1319
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    This paper describes the micro self-sharpening of cutting edges in cBN grinding. Plunge surface grinding experiments using a vitrified cBN wheel mounted a replaceable cBN segment into its peripheral side have been performed to observe the wear behavior of cBN grain cutting edges using a multiprobe SEM. The wear flat on the cutting edge is enlarged by ductile attritious wear and micro fracture that are repeated alternately. Therefore, a smooth surface due to ductile attritious wear and a rough surface due to micro fracture exist together on the wear flat. The size of the micro fracturing occurred on the wear flat ranges from 0.1 to 10 μm. Self-sharpening due to the micro fracture without a reduction in radial height of the cutting edge, that is, ‘micro self-sharpening’, takes place on the wear flat plane during grinding.
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  • Development of High Efficient Double Side Surface Polishing Machine Based on the New Concept (1st Report)
    —Trial Manufacturing of Machine and Some Experiments—
    Heiji YASUI, Kanta YAMAGUCHI, Syoji KURIBAYASHI
    2007 Volume 73 Issue 12 Pages 1325-1329
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.73.1325
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    High efficient and ultra-smoothness double side surface polishing method based on the new concept is devised. To examine the effect of the polishing method, the new type of polishing machine is manufactured on trial. The machine is available for the experiment up to polishing pressure of 60kPa and polishing speed of 18m/s in the specification of the design in the case of 3.5inch magnetic disk substrate. The mechanism of the new polishing machine is based on rotating the workpiece by the friction force of reverse directions to each other, which are caused from the contact between workpiece and upper or lower polishing plate. From some examinations on polishing of magnetic disk substrate, the method is ascertained useful for ultra-smoothness polishing with high removal rate.
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  • Laser-induced Modification in Glasses by CW Laser Backside Irradiation (CW-LBI)
    -Evaluation of Modified Glasses-
    Hideki TAKAYANAGI, Masato YOSHIOKA, Hirofumi HIDAI, Hitoshi TOKURA
    2007 Volume 73 Issue 12 Pages 1330-1334
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.73.1330
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    We describe filamentary crack-free modification in silica glass and Pyrex glass by CW Laser Backside Irradiation (CW-LBI). In this paper, the properties of laser-induced modification in glasses by CW-LBI were examined. The cross-section of the modification was a concentric ring structure, which consisted of the core region and the clad region. In HF wet etching, the etching rates of the core region, the clad region and the non-irradiated area were 1.6, 3.3 and 1.8μm/h, respectively. Then, a Vickers hardness test showed that the hardness of the core region increased and that of the clad region decreased. Raman spectra of the core region showed that the intensity of the peaks around 490 and 605cm-1 were increased and indicated the increase of 4- and 3-fold ring structures in the silica network. On the other hand, 4- and 3-fold ring structures in the clad region decreased. Therefore, the structural changes of silica network had an effect on the change of properties.
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  • Study on Water/Air Lubricated Hybrid Journal Bearings
    —Static Characteristics for Offset Load—
    Shigeka YOSHIMOTO, Kenichi OHKI, Hideyuki YATOH, Masaaki MIYATAKE
    2007 Volume 73 Issue 12 Pages 1335-1339
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.73.1335
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    Aerostatic bearings have often been used for high-speed spindles because of its low friction and high accuracy of motion. However aerostatic bearings have disadvantages such as lower load capacity, lower bearing stiffness and damping coefficient compared with water-lubricated hydrostatic bearings. On the other hand, water-lubricated hydrostatic bearings have higher damping coefficient and larger load capacity but larger power consumption is needed at speeds. In this paper, therefore, a water/air lubricated hybrid journal bearing was proposed, which could achieve both low power consumption and larger load capacity by selecting air or water as an operating fluid according to the operating condition of a spindle. In addition, the static characteristics of the proposed bearing for an offset load are clarified theoretically and experimentally. It was confirmed that the proposed bearing was very useful for spindles for precision machine tools.
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  • High Flatness Polishing of Rectangular Glass Materials (1st Report)
    -Simulation of Rectangular Plane Generation by Linear Oscillation-
    Atsunobu UNE, Kenichiro YOSHITOMI, Masaaki MOCHIDA
    2007 Volume 73 Issue 12 Pages 1340-1344
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.73.1340
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    High flatness and smoothness are required to produce a rectangular glass mask for pattern transfer. However, it is difficult to polish rectangular plates with a rotary polishing machine. Therefore, a new theory was devised to calculate pressure distribution for a rectangular plate and a simulation program was developed to clarify the oscillation polishing process. This paper describes the theory underlying the calculation of the relative velocity, pressure and stock removal, as well as the algorithm for obtaining the optimum oscillation speed, and various calculated results for a square workpiece. It was shown that the flatness errors after optimization of the oscillation speed are improved to ±5% and ±9% in the lateral direction and diagonal direction, respectively, however, this is difficult to improve below ±30% in all directions. The flatness error is improved to ±13% using a ring tool, because the eccentric load increases when the tool hangs over the corner of a square workpiece. In addition, the error can be decreased to ±10% by adjusting the revolution ratio of the tool for the workpiece to more than five. It was concluded that high flatness cannot be obtained if the oscillation speed is optimized without considering the symmetric property for a rectangular shape.
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  • Development of a Three Axis controlled Fast Tool Servo for Ultra Precision Machining (1st Report)
    -Development of 3-axis FTS Unit and evaluation of its characteristics-
    Toshihiko WADA, Masayuki TAKAHASHI, Toshimichi MORIWAKI, Keiichi NAKAM ...
    2007 Volume 73 Issue 12 Pages 1345-1349
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.73.1345
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    This paper presents a newly developed 3-axis controlled Fast Tool Servo (FTS) machining system for ultraprecision machining, which is driven in synchronization with the rotation of the workpiece fixed on the rotary table. The 3-axis controlled FTS unit can drive the cutting tool along the arbitrary cutter path in the space by controlling the motions of three piezoelectric actuators arranged in three axes of the orthogonal coordinates. The three directional motions are measured with use of three capacitive-type proximeters and the motion signals are fed back to the controlling computer in order to guarantee the required tool paths. The FTS machining system can be applied to machine sculptured surfaces, micro lens arrays etc. A mold with cylindrical surface was machined with the developed system, and the obtained form accuracy was 0.22 μm P-V.
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  • Study on Aerostatic Lead Screw
    -Discussion on the Calculation Method of the Fluctuation-
    Peng ZHAO, Tadaatsu SATOMI
    2007 Volume 73 Issue 12 Pages 1350-1355
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.73.1350
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    In this study, an aerostatic lead screw system which all of the moving parts are lubricated by the pressurized air film has been developed successfully. The maximum movement ability of this system is 200mm. To improve the static rigidity in the lead direction, the orifice with 0.4mm diameter and the female screw with 2 lead effective thread are used in this study. To the fluctuation, what the “balancing effect” of the aerostatic lead screw can reduce the fluctuation of the system is confirmed experimentally; additionally, an attempt on the fluctuation calculation of the aerostatic lead screw is made based on the balance of the load by considering the influence of the shape error of the flank surface. As a result, a fairly good agreement is found between the calculated and the measured results. From these results, the action of the female screw floating by the pressurized air can be predicted from the measured results of the flank surface of the screw.
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  • Study on Metabolic System for Water-soluble Coolant (2nd Report)
    -Effect of Multiple Recycling on Performance of Water-soluble Coolant-
    Yasuo KONDO, Kenji YAMAGUCHI, Satoshi SAKAMOTO
    2007 Volume 73 Issue 12 Pages 1356-1361
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.73.1356
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    The performance of recycle water-soluble coolant was experimentally examined through the lapping tests of SUS304. The recycle water-soluble coolant was prepared by diluting a commercial coolant with recycle water. In order to recover the water from a spent water-soluble coolant, an activated-carbon-enzyme method and a freeze and thawing method were adopted. The recovered water obtained by the activated carbon-enzyme method contained a small amount of organic and inorganic matters. The recycle coolants showed the same pH and Brix% as those of virgin coolant independent of the components in recovered water and number of recycling. The lapping performance of recycle coolants were also the same as that of virgin coolant. These facts indicate that a small amount of organic and inorganic residue in the recycle water gives no effect on the performance of recycle water-soluble coolant.
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  • Study on Representation of Assembly Models for the Hand Loom Machine
    Sho SANAMI, Yukihiro SHINDOU, Katsuhiro KITAJIMA
    2007 Volume 73 Issue 12 Pages 1362-1368
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.73.1362
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    The recent 3D-CAD has a performance to represent complicated mechanisms of a machine structure. On the other hand, it is still difficult to treat the object that is an indeterminate shape such as a string. We already proposed a method of representing the part as the combination of the shape and feature points. This framework is applicable to the indeterminate shape as a string. In this paper, we present the representation method of the hand loom machine by using the framework, and animations on the represented model can be made only by moving some parts.
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  • Real-time Control for Mobile Robot Considering Environmental Changes
    Hiromi SATO, Yuichiro MORIKUNI, Kiyotaka KATO
    2007 Volume 73 Issue 12 Pages 1369-1374
    Published: 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.73.1369
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    An artificial potential method has problems: local minimum, computational cost and obstacles. To resolve such problems, this paper proposes the use of a spline surface. A spline surface that interpolates arbitrary shaped boundaries is used as an artificial potential to guide a robot for global motion planning. The spline surface is generated over the free space by assigning appropriate boundary conditions to the walls and other obstacles. Moreover, this paper proposes a surface driven interpolation to move a mobile robot in real time along with the proposed artificial potential. Getting peripheral information from infrared sensors and encoders, the robot creates a spline surface and generates interpolated servo data with appropriate speed control. From some experiments, this paper shows that a mobile robot can move to a target position in real-time selecting a wait action and an evasive action automatically to avoid an obstacle.
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