A recycling system for water-soluble coolant was developed. The interaction between water-soluble coolant and a cationic surfactant can remove the oil content as a suspended particle. The filtration with powdered activated carbon bed can recover a clear liquid from the surfactant treated coolant. The recovered water showed the almost same pH and Brix% as those of tap water unless a mass of microorganism was living in the recovered water. The water-soluble coolant can form a stable emulsion in the recovered water with a less amount of microorganism. The recycle coolant, which was diluted with recovered water with a less amount of microorganism, showed the same lapping force, removal rate and finishing surface roughness as those of virgin coolant in the lapping tests with S45C. However, an emulsion breaking occurred spontaneously in the recycle coolant diluted with recovered water with a mass of microorganism.

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This paper describes a practical image restoration method. Using PSF, which is deterioration information when the blurred image was taken, and the blurred image itself as an initial input image, this method estimates another image that the PSF is assumed to output and update the initial input image. This process of updating is repeated until the estimated output image is nearly the same as the actually taken blurred image. The updates on the input image are carried out while keeping updated pixels and surrounding area balanced, and therefore the restored image will have a natural appearance without ringing. This method enables us to achieve restored images without ringing even when PSF is inaccurate. Furthermore, using this method, restored images without ringing can be achieved through a blind process which uses only a blurred image.

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Modular design is an important elemental technique in life cycle design. Modularity may increase maintainability, upgradability, and so on. Appropriate modular structure differs according to applied life cycle options; e.g., while the modular structure for recycling should be based on material kinds, the structure for upgrading should be based on functions to be obsolete. This paper proposes a modular design methodology that derives modular structures flexibly depending on applied life cycle options by utilizing the attributes of components and geometric model. The components are classified into some groups according to the similarity of attributes and the geometric information is employed to derive a geometrically feasible modular structure within the group. This paper also illustrates the prototype system that implements the proposed method and a case study of a printer.

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In residences of senior citizens, senior care homes, and hospitals, sudden changes in the condition of wheelchair users are sometimes overlooked, or they may fall from their wheelchairs. Thus, the taking of safety measures has become an increasingly difficult problem at various sites under the present circumstances. In this study, to overcome such problems, we developed a system to detect biological information without constraining the subject, which monitors the aged person or patient seated in the wheelchair. We devised an experimental method which pulses water through a tube intermittently to simulate blood flow in order to measure the characteristics of the sensor, and conducted a functional test of the system. The system has a structure in which the adapted Biological detector is pinched with piezoelectric sensors onto both sides of a stainless substrate 1 mm thick. We propose a piezoelectric method capable of detecting the heart rate and presence of the wheelchair user simultaneously.

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It is very complicated and difficult to simulate a manufacturing system including some labors and automated guided vehicles (AGV). Because labors and AGV usually have some nonstandard operations with some adaptive actions and some Kaizen modifications, it takes many man-hours and long time to model flexible performance of labors and AGV in many cases. As the result, simulation analysis can't output in the practical limit, and it causes the failure of the simulation projects. For these reasons, simulation analysis is not useful under the conditions that manufacturing systems need be changed high frequently. This paper discusses the modeling method using some rules that expressed by “If∼Then∼” formulation for the nonstandard operations of labors and AGV to model them easily. This modeling method is very convenient for factory planners, and helps the accumulation of Kaizen knowledge.

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This paper addresses a countermeasure of the vibration for electron microscopy. The mechanical design method against the environmental vibration disturbance for Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) that magnifies the specimen image 1 million times must be different from the ordinary machine design. We described the specific vibration models of TEM and STEM (Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope) from the point of view on the electron optics, and showed the stiffness of the structure around the objective lens (in other words, the loop stiffness between the specimen and the pole piece of the objective lens) has the largest influence on electron-optical-stiffness. We increased the stiffness around the objective lens of TEM, and showed significant improves on the electron-optical-stiffness on both TEM and STEM images. This electron-optical-stiffness design method will be expanded with the software combination of the mechanical structure and electromagnetic analysis to calculate the amount of the image vibration caused by the environmental vibration disturbance and will be used for the optimization of TEM structure.

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This paper describes the influence of electrolyzed water dilute NaCl on the surface of industrial pure iron. First, we clarified the etching characteristic of electrolytically-oxidized water and electrolytically-reduced water against the surface of industrial pure iron using HCl solution for comparative immersion experiments. The results show that there is no etching operation on iron produced by electrolytically-reduced water, but electrolytically-oxidized water works well for the etching operation, and if the ORP/pH value of the electrolytically-oxidized water is high, the etching speed becomes correspondingly fast. Next, by the observation of the SEM image, the influence of electrolyzed water on the shape of the industrial pure iron surface became clear. The results indicated that electrolyzed water didn't have a big influence on the surface form of pure iron. Lastly, surface analysis revealed that electrolyzed water had no negative influence on the chemical composition of the industrial pure iron surface. The study indicates that electrolytically-reduced water can be utilized in the washing process, and that electrolytically-oxidized water can be applied to the surface treatment and washing of industrial pure iron.

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The research deals with the development of the high efficient in-process dressing method for super abrasive wheel. The new type of dressing method in which the bond is removed efficiently by circulating the dressing-fluid into the contact area between the wheel and the rectangular column type of grinding stone is devised. The dressing-fluid is made by mixing the abrasive grains in the grinding fluid. The in-process dressing system in which the dressing-fluid is circulated during the grinding operation is manufactured on trial. The new type of dressing method is ascertained useful for dressing of metal bonded CBN wheel. Using the in-process dressing system, no occurrence of loading is found for long time grinding of aluminum alloy in which loading occurs easily in ordinal grinding process.

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Geometrical quality like surface roughness and accuracy of form has been very important in ultra-precision machining. However, because of improvement of quality of finished surface with progress of ultra-precision machining technology, quality of subsurface material like affected layer also becomes important lately. In ultra-precision cutting tool wear is serious problem since tool wear fairly affects surface integrity of machined part. However it is difficult to directly detect tool wear on machine since the tool wear affecting surface integrity is extremely small. Therefore the purpose of this study is to find out effective parameters obtained during cutting to detect single crystal diamond tool wear in ultra-precision cutting of aluminum alloy. Wear of cutting edge with large nose radius was observed by a scanning electromicroscope. Cutting forces and AE signals during cutting were also measured to calculate values of the parameters from them. As a result of cutting tests and considerations, it was concluded that area of flank wear land can be related with static and dynamic components of cutting forces and area of rake wear land can be related with RMS values of AE signals.

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In this research, we proposed to achieve the mirror surface with a minute concave on the fused silica glass by a mew method. The surface enabled to control the curvature and the concave was sphere shaped. This method was to combine the laser machining and the chemical etching. The mechanism and the processing property of this method were verified from both experiments and simulations. As a result, we achieved to develop the better control of a micro shape and to create the mirror surface with a sphere shaped concave on the glass. The surface roughness was 2nmRa 11nmPV without chipping. In addition, processing multiple concaves changed the pattern of the surface to polygons such as square shapes and hexagonal shapes.

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The new ultra-smoothness grinding method which can finish to almost the same smoothness formed by polishing method, in the previous research, is developed as the countermeasure answering the recently strong requirement about high efficiency production of high quality components. The surface roughness of various kinds of workpieces formed by the method using #140 diamond wheel is ascertained to attain below about 50nm(Rz). As the purpose to build the optimum grinding conditions in the method, in the report, the influence of parallel step feed to grinding direction within the range of smaller normal feed than the wear width of cutting edge on the surface roughness is investigated. Below the critical parallel step feed, the surface roughness becomes below 50nm (Rz) in three dimensional measurement. Over the critical parallel step feed, the surface roughness begins to deteriorate steeply.

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The image processing technology has now been widely applied into many areas such as electronics, manufacturing and security. However, most of those applications are based on two dimensional images. Recently, there are increasing demands of 3D information for new applications. The incoming visual information via a digital imaging device (ex. CCD) is digitized into pixels in plane with color/gray scale. Each pixel contains 2D positional information, the CCD thus offers an 2D orthogonal coordinate, but loses the 3rd dimension in depth for objects in view. The aim of this research is to develop an algorithm for acquisition and configuration of 3D information by means of binocular stereo vision. In this paper, the 3D data acquisition and reconstruction are demonstrated at static SEM stereopairs. Also the accuracy of acquired data is discussed.

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