In the orthogonal cutting of copper, the tension applied to the chip brings the following results :
(1) Chip thickness and tool force are decreased to from 1/2 to 1/3.
(2) The total power consumption including the power for the pull of chip is also decreased to about 1/2. The decrease in the power consumption is as large as from 6 to 40 times, the power consumed by the pull.
These remarkable effects of the tension are mainly attributed to the fact that the tension and the bending moment induced by the tension decrease the tool-chip contact area and the tool-chip friction, and increase the shear angle. The bending moment produces the plastic bending at the root of chip. The mechanics of chip formation, therefore, seems very intricated.
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