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45 巻, 537 号
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高沢 孝哉1979 年 45 巻 537 号 p. 1029-1035
発行日: 1979/09/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリー生産工場の自動化が進み近代化されても, 旧態依然として主に手作業に依存しかなりの労働集約性がみられるものの一つにバリ取り作業がある.一口にバリと言っても, 鋳造, 鍛造, 焼結, 溶接, 溶断, プラスチック成形, ゴム成形, プレス加工 (打抜き, スリッティングなど), 切削, 切断, 研削, めっき, 塗装, 絶縁被膜などによるものがあり, その種類が多いだけでなく, 形状寸法, 性質も様々である.また対象となる部品と生産形態に応じて種々のトラブルを生じ, そのバリ対策はそれぞれの工場において誠に多様である.対象部品が量産, 非量産のいずれか, また大形か, 小形部品かによっても問題解決へのアプローチが異なるので簡単ではない.
ところでバリ取り作業というと, とかく未熟練者や外注業者におしつけ, 加工よりも修理仕事というような不当に貧弱なイメージがあって, あまり省みられなかったのが実状であり, また騒音, 振動, 塵埃など作業環境の悪条件に加えて, 他の作業に比べて部品に直接付加価値を与えるという喜びの少ない作業, いわゆるダーティワークと呼ぼれるものである.これまで, 大部分の技術者は十分な関心を示さなかったために合理化がおくれ, 現場では潜在的にかなりの問題をかかえながらも対策は進まず, いわぽ放置状態であったといえる.たとえぽ旋削, フライス加工, 溶接といった直接形状を付加する加工に対しては設備投資を惜しまないが, バリ取りのような作業は一段低くみなされ, 合理化投資はあまり考慮されなかったといえる.しかし工程分析すれば, バリ取り作業は, 全体の工数の約5%から, 多いものは数十%を占めるのが実態であり, 決しておろそかにできないことに気づくのである.このような認識の不十分さが, 合理化への意欲の欠如につながる第1の原因であろう.これまで見落とされていただけに投資効率のよい合理化の穴場とも言えよう.
最近米国を中心にburr technology (筆者は日本語でバリ・テクノロジーと表現する) という言葉とともに世界的な関心が急速に高まってきた.Bendix社のL.K.Gillespieの報告によれば, 米国におけるバリ取り作業D費用が1973年当時年間約60億ドルに達したといわれる.なお, SME (Society of Manufacturing Engineers) にはBurr Technology Divisionが設置され, 毎年開催される国際会議***では多くの技術報告, 資料が発表され, バリ・テクノロジーが体系化されて一つの立派なエソジニアリングとして結実しようとしている.さらに同国では, パリ取り作業を他の作業と同一レベルにある重要な工程とみなし生産システムの最適化の観点から見直されている.これに加えて, 生産工場のNC化, ロボット導入などによる自動化には, 切りくず処理やバリ取り作業などが, 最後まで自動化をはばむ問題としてクローズアップされてきた.それぞれの生産工程において, 大なり小なりパリ発生のトラブルがあるにもかかわらず, その処理・対策を考えないのは片手落ちであり, 生産に対するトータルエソジニアリングの立場からの思考に欠けていたと言わなければならない.このような泥くさい問題を解決することこそ本物のエソジニアリングであるという強い姿勢がある.私は, この辺のところに日本のエソジニアが何か忘れているものを感じさせられる.現実に, 今日注目されている新しいバリ取りに関する設備や作業工具のほとんどすべてが米国で生まれている.バレル研摩技術, 特にその自動化についてはわが国が世界的水準以上にあるといえるが, 全般的には米国にみられるような新しい発想が少なく, かなりのへだたりを感じさせられる.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1154K) -
古川 正志, 嘉数 侑昇, 久保 洋, 沖野 教郎1979 年 45 巻 537 号 p. 1036-1042
発行日: 1979/09/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーThis paper reports on how to construct a solid object model on 3-dimensional modeling and how to evaluate the boundary of the defined model. The solid object model is constructed by half spaces, which is often called primitives, and with aid of a constructive operator. Two description ways are given by use of a set operator as a constructive one. The solid object modeled is mapped into 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional physical space in the form of graphic output, an auto-meshing for F. E. M., an NC-tape generation and so on. A boundary evaluator is regarded as carrying out mapping mentioned above. Boundary evaluators having been presented are discussed, then new formulations of the boundary evaluator are offered here and compared with them. An information of boundary evaluators having been presented is only a boundary (surface) of the defined model or only outer information. One of new evaluators has an outer, a boundary, and an inner informations of the defined model as a positive value, zero and a negative value, respectively. And its absolute value shows a distance to the defined model surface under some restrictions. These features are assured by plotting iso-contour lines of evaluators discussed. Furthermore, simple examples of NC-machining applied for by plotting result as a cutter path are shown. The results reached here give basic algolithm for computer-aided graphics and an NC-machining.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1278K) -
水原 和行, 臼井 英治1979 年 45 巻 537 号 p. 1043-1049
発行日: 1979/09/05
公開日: 2010/05/07
ジャーナル フリーIt has been well known that carbon-tetrachloride (CCl4) exhibits the outstanding performance as a cutting fluid in slow speed machining of metals. However, whether CCl4 really lubricates the tool face or not is still uncertain, since it sometimes yields a higher friction than dry friction when applied into a heavy duty sliding between smooth surfaces. The paper discusses this problem through a carefully designed friction experiments and the following conclusions are obtained.
(1) Dry friction is better than the friction with CCl4 only when the surface of the softer pair is protected with a film of oxides or others and the film is not ruptured during the dry dragging process. CCl4 thus lubricates the tool face during machining.
(2) CCl4 appears to degenerate or embrittle the protecting films during sliding. Some metallic contacts between the matting surfaces are then produced and, at the same time, metal-chlorides to reduce friction are formed with these contacts. The friction with CCl4 is thus inferior when compared to dry friction with minor metallic contacts.
(3) It seems possible to explain all the experimental results reported hitherto with the reasonings above.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1483K) -
松尾 哲夫, 冨田 幸男, 園田 真治1979 年 45 巻 537 号 p. 1050-1055
発行日: 1979/09/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーThe study of snagging is the major research subject in the recent abrasive engineering. In our previous research the laboratory snagging experiment of constant load and traverse grinding type was made on S 55 C and SK 3 steels, using the regular alumina and ZS-zirconia wheels. In the present study the same snagging test was carried out for six different grain wheels, using the same S 55 C work material. Thus, the rating of individual wheels has been determined from the standpoints of metal removal rate, wheel wear rate, G-ratio, surface finish, and grinding force. Also, the effect of wheel width on the performance of wheel was investigated. It is evident from this study that the metal removal rate is not so much dependent upon wheel type, while wheel wear rate, as well as G-ratio, varies very much according to wheel type. The WA wheel showed the most high G-ratio, and on the contrary, the A wheel the lowest value. The 40 SH wheel was found to be superior to the SH or the A wheel in G-ratio. The reason for the high G-ratio in the WA wheel is considered to be due to the strong bonding of grain with bond. Increasing wheel width leads to greater metal removal rate, but there is no change in the G-ratio. The same degree of surface roughness is obtained for a fixed metal removal rate, regardless of wheel type.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (968K) -
中島 克洋, 坂本 正史, 中村 平1979 年 45 巻 537 号 p. 1056-1061
発行日: 1979/09/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーThe screw thread profile in addition to pitch and lead should be measured in order to know the screw thread contact condition which has an important role at driving performance of lead-screw. This paper describes two measuring methods of screw thread profile excepting the cross section profile included the center line. At first the cross section profile which is parallel to center line is measured. By this method the wider area accuracy of screw thread profile can be known in comparison with the measuring method of cross section profile included center line. Next the cross section profile perpendicular to center line is measured. In this method about half area profile of screw thread of the former method is known. But in the later method, the screw thread displacement of center line direction is performed accurately, because it is done with revolution of screw. And the error which happens followed the origin setting of feeler becomes small also. So more accurate measurement can be done easily by later method. The reproducible results are gained under actual measurement by these two methods.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1020K) -
平行処理非同一機械群におけるスケジューリング岡村 健二郎, 山品 元, 西田 光男, 鈴江 徹之1979 年 45 巻 537 号 p. 1062-1069
発行日: 1979/09/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーTo minimize makespan on parallel non-identical processors, a three-phase optimum-seeking algorithm based on a heuristic method, restricted backtracking and total backtracking methods has been developed. To investigate the practical application of the algorithm, a factory study was also made. (1) It has become possible by this algorithm to find an optimal schedule which minimizes makespan. (2) In practice, the application of the heuristic method constituting the first phase of the algorithm will suffice. Run times of the heuristic method grows approximately as (N/M) 23 with the number of jobs, N, and the number of machines, M. While, they grow as M2 with a fixed value of (N/M).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1244K) -
バランス制御法の動作特性西村 国俊1979 年 45 巻 537 号 p. 1070-1075
発行日: 1979/09/05
公開日: 2010/02/16
ジャーナル フリードラム形X-Yプロッタのバキュームコラム内の用紙位置の制御法の一つであるバランス制御法につき, 系の定式化を行い, 実験値との比較の結果, その一致が確認された.この中で特に,
(1) パキュームコラムにおける空気吸引口を側面に設けることにより, 用紙張力を用紙位置にほぼ比例させることができる.
(2) 用紙ロールの駆動モータに一定トルクを作用させると, 用紙の位置は1自由度の振動系で表現できる.
(3) バキュームコラム内で用紙が上下に動く際の粘性摩擦係数は, 過渡運動により測定できる.
(4) ドラムと用紙間のすべりを防止するためには, バキュームコラム壁面と用紙間の摩擦力を小さくし, バキュームコラム内で用紙が上下することによる粘易性減衰比を0.4<η/ω0<0.8とすればよい.
今後の検討課題としては, (4) 項を実現するための装置構成法の問題がある.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (682K) -
音響寿命における鋼球表面形状の変化日紫喜 基久, 堀 捷樹, 川辺 秀昭1979 年 45 巻 537 号 p. 1076-1081
発行日: 1979/09/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーThe sound pressure level and the vibration acceleration increase with the revolution of theball bearing. In this report, the cause of this phenomenon was investigated from the change of the shape of steel ball. And, the shape characteristic of the steel ball was measured by the newly developed six bands type wavometer. The results obtained are summarized as follows :
(1) Under the uniform revolution of the ball bearing, when the load is increased, the sound pressure level and the vibration acceleration attain the higher saturation values in short period.
(2) The sound life can be expressed both by the total number of revolution until the saturation value is attained, and by the saturation value. Under the routine loading condition, it was found that the sound life was less than 106 cycles.
(3) It was also found that the increasing phenomena of the sound pressure level and the vibration acceleration were caused by the irregularity of the steel ball surface, especially by the higher order component of the waviness.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1441K) -
カーバイド系セラミック工具の損傷坂本 正史, 中村 平, 本吉 智1979 年 45 巻 537 号 p. 1082-1087
発行日: 1979/09/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーThe plain type milling test with oxide tools added carbide has been performed on 0.53%, carbon steel at high cutting speed range. The wear patterns and the wear rates are measured together and the application of oxide tools in the plain type milling at high speed range are investigated. The important results obtained are as follows.
(1) The tool life of oxide tools are superior to carbide tools at high cutting speed range. (2) The wear rates of plain type milling cutters at high cutting speed range are ruled by the flank wear of tools.
(3) The flank wear rate curves with cutting speed consist of two parts.
(4) In first part, the small honeycomb pattern cracks appear in the flank face a little away from the cutting edge of the tools. The small honeycomb pattern cracks grow up gradually and then the end of cracks reach the cutting edge of tools, they begin to trans-form the small groove wear. This part is called the second part of tool wear.
(5) In spite of the wear rates in the second part of wear are influenced by the number of impact cycle and the temperature of cutting edge, the distractive tool failure does not occur at all.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2045K) -
吉村 允孝1979 年 45 巻 537 号 p. 1088-1093
発行日: 1979/09/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーA new design optimization method was developed for increasing or decreasing the natural frequency at an arbitrary degree of natural mode and maximizing the frequency interval between adjacent natural frequencies, in order to improve dynamic characteristics with respect to forced vibration, noise and feed drive performance of machine tools. This paper describes the theory and principle and the procedure of the new method, and proves its effectiveness by demonstrating computed results on an example machine tool structure model. Design modifications are worked out based on the computed result of the dynamic characteristics of the initial design, followed by further sets of analysis and modification under the constraint of constant total volume of material. The optimization is performed in two steps. First, the evaluation of the energy distributions through the complete structure at the objective natural frequency provides design modifications continuing until roughly optimum design points are obtained and reduction of design parameters taking part in the optimization are determined. Secondly, a mathematical direct search method (simplex method) identifies the true optimum design point. This process of optimization which combines the evaluation of energy distributions and the direct search method effectively and practically determines the optimum design solution.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1198K) -
研削砥石の機械的性質に関する研究 (第3報)樋口 誠宏, 矢野 章成, 田中 行雄1979 年 45 巻 537 号 p. 1094-1098
発行日: 1979/09/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーIn this paper, the elastic deflections are quantitatively investigated, which constitute a factor of the local elastic deformation in the grinding process and strongly influence on the precision grinding results. Based on the experimental results, the following conclusions can be drawn.
(1) The heights of effective abrasive grains distribute within 50% of the maximum chip thickness, and their mode is lower than the maximum value obtained from the calculation based on the wheel-workpiece interference conditions. Difference of two values, that is to say, the magnitude of the elastic deflection of the effective abrasive grain increases proportionally with the mean cutting force. The stiffness of the effective abrasive grain supported by springs becomes higher as the grade becomes higher.
(2) The effects of the elastic deflections of effective abrasive grains on the local elastic deformations are much less than expected, for example, the effect on the increase in the actual length of arc of contact is less than several per cent and the effect on the increase in the residual stock due to contact stiffness is less than 10-20%.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (746K) -
吉川 弘之, 北嶋 克寛1979 年 45 巻 537 号 p. 1099-1106
発行日: 1979/09/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーDrawing is a traditional means to describe machines and mechanical components. Man can extract the information that is necessary in designing and manufacturing processes without difficulty by virtue of his pattern-recognitive ability. But the topological structure of a machine, which is a fundamental feature of it and also practically used for constructing the data base for a computer aided design system for example, can not be extracted easily from the drawing because it contains less organized information about a machine. In the present paper, a method to represent the organized information of a machine in the aspect of topological structure is proposed. Firstly, a group of connectivity graphs is defined as description of a machine. The description represents machine structure explicitly and makes it possible to discuss the structural property strictly through the graph theoretical property of connectivity graphs. Secondly, by using them the anatomy of machine is attempted on some machines. Thirdly, by investigating those connectivity graphs obtained, some general rules and types of structure are extracted. They are essential in the notions of hierarchical and topological structure of machines. The knowledge about these fundamental properties is shown indispensable for constructing CAD systems especially the data base for them.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1343K) -
正負方向に繰返し接線方向荷重が作用する場合小泉 忠由, 伊東 誼, 益子 正巳, 渡辺 聖一1979 年 45 巻 537 号 p. 1107-1112
発行日: 1979/09/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーDeformation properties of the jointed surfaces are important in designing the machine tool structures, so in this paper considering the bolted joint as an example of jointed surfaces, the behaviour of the tangential displacement which are in close relation with the damping capacity of jointed surfaces, have been experimentally studied by applying the repeated cyclic tangential load to the jointed surface, also changing the joint materials and surface roughness. Even before the tangential displacement on a bolted joint shows a macroscopic sliding, a microslip can be found, and thereby the tangential load-displacement curve demonstrates a hysteresis loop under the repeated loading cycles, because the tangential displacement is a direct sum of the micro-slip and the tangential elastic displacement. The results obtained from this study are as follows. (1) The tangential displacement decreases with the repeated number of loading cycles, and the decreasing rate of the displacement depends on the joint materials and also on the joint surface roughness. (2) Both of the amount of the micro-slip and the tangen-tial elastic displacement increase with the increase of surface roughness. (3) The tangential elastic displacement on the jointed surfaces is, in general, in linear relation with the p=P/Q, which is the ratio of the tangential load P to the normal load Q. In addition, the tangential elastic displacement changes by the materials, surface roughness and the diameter of the jointed surface.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (961K) -
実験装置の試作とS45Cでの実験結果竹中 規雄, 長尾 高明, 福沢 順博, 谷 泰弘, 渡辺 裕司1979 年 45 巻 537 号 p. 1113-1117
発行日: 1979/09/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーIn this paper an experiment of cutting S 45 C steel is conducted by using a triangular pyramidal diamond single grain to analyse the mechanism of face grinding. The motions of the cutting edge and the work are reversed and a new type of dynamometer with a structure of parallel beams is used. The performance of this dynamometer is described in detail and a few results are reported which are obtained in this method. The results are as follows :
(1) The grinding force equation can be expressed as F=K·g1.5, where F is either the tangential force or the normal force, g the cutting depth and K a constant in cutting.
(2) The resistance force in cutting by the flat face of the pyramid is equal to that in ploughing by the sharp leading edge and the one in oblique cutting by the slant face is larger than those.
(3) The grinding force is inclined to increase slightly or to be almost constant as the grinding speed increases.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (755K) -
辻内 順平1979 年 45 巻 537 号 p. 1118-1123
発行日: 1979/09/05
公開日: 2010/02/16
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1151K) -
パラメータ設計田口 玄一1979 年 45 巻 537 号 p. 1124-1127
発行日: 1979/09/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (723K) -
エンドミルの切削性能に関する調査研究分科会1979 年 45 巻 537 号 p. 1128-1133
発行日: 1979/09/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (898K) -
-円筒高切込み研削における砥石,研削液の影響ならびにスナッギング研削-重研削専門委員会1979 年 45 巻 537 号 p. 1134-1139
発行日: 1979/09/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (910K)
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