精密機械
Print ISSN : 0374-3543
46 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の19件中1~19を表示しています
  • 柳井 久義, 神谷 武志
    1980 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 147-152
    発行日: 1980/02/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 石川 憲一, 横山 恭男, 津和 秀夫
    1980 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 153-158
    発行日: 1980/02/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the previous report, theoretical results upon cutting resistance, and problems with regard to edge radius of the blade were considered through some experiments, in cases in which soft polymers were ordinarily cut. Even though a sharp blade was used, ordinary cutting was subject to considerable difficulty owing to material deformations and deflections when the solid friction acted between the surfaces of the blade and the material. This paper treats the method of vibration cutting which utilizes effective reduction of the solid friction by vibration. Theoretical results of this method such as reduction of cutting resistance and fine cutting without attending with such difficulties are confirmed experimentally by cutting soft polymers with the blade vibrated sinusoidally. Not only the extent of vibration velocity amplitudes but also of critical displacement amplitudes which can probably yield enough vibration effects with respect to the vibration cutting are discussed. And in addition, results utilized as application of this method for practical purposes are described.
  • 林 巌, 林 輝
    1980 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 159-164
    発行日: 1980/02/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    It is tried to use the S 2 type of gear rolling tester at the high rotational speed where the meshing frequency is about 1/2-2 times as large as the natural frequency of a pair of gears. This trial is based on the simplified measuring principle. As a result, it is found that the gear rolling tester can measure the dynamic transmission error of gears with the accuracy enough for practical use. Next, the dynamic transmission error of hobbed gears which have large profile errors is measured under light load condition, and the vibration of gears is studied experimentally. As a result, the following phenomena are observed : the large and irregular vibration skipping several teeth occurs near the resonance speed of gears, and it does not decrease even at the higher rotational speed than the resonance one, the period, where the teeth of gears separate and do not mesh during rotation, reaches 70%-80% of the total rotational period and also do not decrease at the higher rotational speed than the resonance one.
  • 変位解析への応用
    野村 俊, 細野 八郎, 加藤 正, 吉川 和男
    1980 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 165-170
    発行日: 1980/02/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the 1st report, two new devices named a swirl type shutter were designed and applied to the vibration measurements by holographic interferometry, in order to remedy the defect of the realtime method. This paper deals with deformation measurements of object, and describes the feature of the methods comparing with the conventional one. These techniques consist of two, one is used for measurement of deforming amount, and the other for measurement of deforming velocity. The methods of measurement using a swirl type shutter have been studied and are of more practical use compared with the real-time one.
  • 鋼の立軸平面重研削に関する研究
    福井 保夫
    1980 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 171-176
    発行日: 1980/02/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The cooling effect on the wheel-work contact area is expected because the contact area is large in the vertical spindle abrasive machining of steel. The considerations including the cooling effect must be given to the grinding temperature on the contact area. This report experimentally studies the heat transfer coefficient to coolant on the contact area and the influeAces of the heat transfer coefficient and the grinding conditions on the contact area grinding temperature. The main results are as follows. On the contact area, the heat transfer coefficient of 0.5-1.0 cal/cm2·s·°C can be obtained relatively easily in the proper methods of cooling. It is considered that the relatively higher heat transfer coefficient can be obtained because of velocity increase of coolant stream on the contact area by rotating wheel. The cooling effect on the contact area increases with widening contact area and slowing work feed rate as well as increasing heat transfer coefficient. The cooling effect of the order of 50% was obtained in the case of slow feed rate (6-12 m/min) by the proper cooling methods. The grinding temperature on the contact area dose scarcely change with the feed rate as a result of cooling.
  • 松井 正己, 田牧 純一
    1980 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 177-183
    発行日: 1980/02/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    In grinding operation, grain cutting edges as tool are supported elastically by bond, and workpiece to be ground is an elastic-plastic body, so that, at the grain cutting edge-workpiece contact zone, elastic as well as plastic behaviors exist such as elastic displacement of grain cutting edge position, local elastic deformation of grain cutting edge, elastic deformation and recovery of workpiece, and pile up of workpiece material or the side faces of cut groove, and these behaviors affect grinding force, finished surface roughness, residual depth of cut, and so on. The paper describes a simulation of grinding process including the elastic and plastic behaviors, and some discussions are made on the results obtained by the simulation. Taking account of the elastic and plastic behaviors in grinding operation can give a satisfactory explanation to the experimental results of grinding force and ground surface roughness.
  • 小島 久史, 稲崎 一郎, 米津 栄, 亀山 次彦
    1980 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 184-188
    発行日: 1980/02/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this paper, the grinding characteristics of reginoid wheels are investigated to know the adequate grinding conditions. Parameters which represent the grinding processes, such as specific grinding energy, grinding rate, etc. are measured for the grinding wheels with various hardnesses. From the experiments, it is indicated that the grinding process can be classified into three states, i. e. glazing, breaking and normal grinding state, by tracing the parameter change with grinding time. Furthermore, it is pointed out that the ratio of the normal grinding pressure to the elastic modulus of grinding wheel is successful for classifying the above mentioned grinding states.
  • 固着域を考慮した場合
    川井 謙一
    1980 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 189-194
    発行日: 1980/02/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    A theoretical approach is presented to the plane theory of rolling contact with friction. In the present paper, the existence of the stick area is considered, then the boundary conditions of this problem are derived and the analyses of elastic contact of two cylinders are given. When the contact area is constituted by the stick area alone, the boundary value problem results in the Hilbert problem in the theory of functions. If two cylinders have the same material properties, the stress field coincides with one of Hertz contact. If they have not the same material properties, the contact width becomes shorter and the maximum contact pressure becomes higher than those of Hertz contact. Then, the tangential force is not transmitted. In addition, the stress field is discussed on the assumption that two cylinders, having the same matertial properties, constitute the stick and slip areas. In this case, the contact pressure and the contact width coincide with those of Hertz contact. Then, the stick area can exist in the neighborhood of the leading edge and the length of the stick area is determined uniquely by the values of the normal force, the tangential force and the coefficient of friction in the slip area.
  • 湊 喜代士, 豊島 敏雄, 盛田 昌宏
    1980 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 195-200
    発行日: 1980/02/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    本研究の結果を要約すると次のとおりである.
    (1) 振動送り切削の切削加およびその方向は真実送りの変化に伴って変化する.
    (2) 切削力は振動の1周期中に一つのループを描いて変化し, フライス加工における土向き削りおよび下向き削りと同様の現象がみられる.最大切削力は最大真実送りに対応した通常切削の場合の切削力とほぼ等しい.
    (3) 断続切削では, z=0.5の近傍で理論的には仕上面粗さは小さくなるが, 実際には盛上がりなどの影響であまり小さくならず, 実用的でない.
    (4) 振動送り切削の仕上面粗さは, 理論的にも実験的にも全般的に通常切削のそれより悪くなる。したがって切りくずが折断される限界ftmin=0.3fで, なるべくzを小さくするのがよい.
  • 実用的な安定限界式の提案
    杉原 和佳, 稲崎 一郎, 米津 栄
    1980 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 201-206
    発行日: 1980/02/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Self-excited vibration in grinding caused by the regenerative effect of workpiece surface has been investigated by many researchers. In those works, however, the limit of stability has not been given n the form of practical equation. In this papar, a method to obtain the limit of stability by measuring the static grinding force and the frequency of small amplitude in grinding process is proposed. The results obtained are as follows. (1) The stability limit equation is given in a practical form, i. e. as a function of workpiece speed, depth of cut and grinding wheel width. (2) The calculated results of the limit of stability which are obtained by using informations in grinding process agree well with the experimental results.
  • ハードウェアシステムの開発
    中沢 弘, 三好 由記博, 繁村 一義
    1980 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 207-211
    発行日: 1980/02/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    A hardware system using a microcomputer, developed for detecting onsets of chatter vibrations in real time and to stop machine tools when chatter occurs, is described, together with the experimental results of the system. Hence the hardware described in this paper is obtained at a low price, the machine tool can be protected from chatter vibrations by a little investment. The detection of the chatter vibration is performed by directly calculating the intervals of the peaks of sound signals in cutting operations, so that the microcomputer, which is not so fast device, can be used in this system. The results of the tests reveal that this system is useful for realtime detection of chatter vibrations and can be applied to the simple control of machine tools in a wide range of cutting conditions.
  • 切削工具のじん性の非切削試験法 (第1報)
    平尾 政利, 村田 良司, 竹山 秀彦
    1980 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 212-217
    発行日: 1980/02/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The conventional testing methods of tool toughness are transverse rupture test, Charpy impact test, etc. But the results of these testing methods do not represent actual tool toughness in cutting, especially, in intermittent cutting with carbide tool. The objective of this study is to develop a methodology to assess cutting edge toughness simply and reliably. This method is an impact test n which a tool material repeatedly hits the fresh surface of a comparatively soft material corresponding to the material cut so that intermittent cutting can be simulated as close as possible in view of stress situation at the cutting edge and dynamic behaviour. Some feasibility tests have revealed that this method is valid for estimating tool toughness against chipping observed at the initial stage of cutting. The Weibull plot of the relation between cumulative probability of chipping and impact frequency generally becomes linear and the mean impact frequency is affected by the impact frequency energy.
  • ホブ盤の割出性能評価に関する実験的研究 (第2報)
    柳下 福蔵
    1980 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 218-223
    発行日: 1980/02/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the first report, the author had succeeded in recording simultaneously the rotational error of both the worktable and the hob shaft and the cause of both rotational errors was inferred by examining their power spectra. Also, it was ascertained that a qualitative coincidence existed between the tooth profile estimated by the relative rotational error measured and the test result of the tooth profile generated by the machine. In the case of a common hobbing machine, the torsional rigidity of the driving system is not sufficient in its construction. Being considered that this insufficiency of the torsional rigidity may cause the rotational error, the experiment was carried out, by employing the already reported hobbing machine, on the torsional excitation of the hob shaft in not-driving situation and the impulse response was examined by hammering the driving worktable in the counter-rotational direction. By comparison of the torsional dynamic digidity obtained with both rotational errors in the previous report, the rotational erroneous components caused by the insufficiency of this rigidity were revealed. Additionally, the cause of the rotational erroneous component which induced the large error of the tooth profile was investigated.
  • 円弧形作用面形状をもつ砥石による研削過程
    中島 利勝, 宇野 義幸, 青江 康行
    1980 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 224-229
    発行日: 1980/02/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    A traverse grinding technique with partially circular wheel on the leading part of acting wheel surface is introduced and experimentally analyzed to prove that high efficiency and high accuracy can be obtained in the traverse grinding. In the technique the effective cutting depth of wheel varies in different positions along wheel width on the acting wheel surface. In other words, the effective cutting depth of wheel increases in the leading part of wheel and takes maximum at a point, and decreases gradually down to zero near the junction between the leading circular part and the following straight one on the acting wheel surface. The variation of the effective cutting depth of wheel characterizes the grinding process and leads to better surface finish in the process. High grinding efficiency can also be obtained in the technique without burning or detriment to surface finish, because the interference of wheel to workpiece in the neighborhood of finishing surface is not affected by increasing the setting depth of wheel. Furthermore the wheel wear in the process is remarkably low as compared with that in the conventional process.
  • 塚田 忠夫, 笹島 和幸, 阿武 芳朗, 梅村 泰年
    1980 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 230-235
    発行日: 1980/02/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The three-dimensional measuring system was developed and its performance was tested as the first stage to evaluate the three-dimensional characteristics of surface asperities. The measuring device was designed and manufactured to obtain the discrete data of asperity heights sampled at nodes of matrix on a surface. The present system consists of the profilometer of tracer type, the precision table which moves perpendicular to tracing direction of stylus, and the controller which drives the devices automatically. Ground surface (σ=0.4μm) and lapped one (σ=1.1μm) were measured and shown by the perspective pictures and the contour maps. The three-dimensional characteristics of these surfaces can usefully be evaluated by using the present system.
  • 西田 知照, 須永 照雄, 今村 博司
    1980 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 236-241
    発行日: 1980/02/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The aim of this study is to get a tester which can be made easily and has sufficient measuring accuracy for practical use. A conventional tester for external gears is utilized. Tooth profile errors are detected by an electric micrometer and recorded on an X-Y recorder. Internal gears are set on a rotary table and chucked by three pins equipped on the table from the outside of gear blanks. The centering of gears is performed simultaneously in the chucking. Even if an eccentric error of 0.05 or so exists in the centering, its influence on the tooth profile error curve can be neglected by selecting the tooth of internal gears suitably. Influences of the position error of the feeler, the inclination of the top plane of the table, and the deformation of the outside cylinder of gear blanks are examined theoretically and allowable values of these errors are given.
  • Juan M. PORRAS MARTINEZ, 斉藤 義夫, 伊東 誼
    1980 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 242-248
    発行日: 1980/02/05
    公開日: 2010/02/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    以上, 最近研究の必要性が大きな話題となっている工作機械のテーパ接合部の曲げ静剛性について実験的に検討した結果, 次のようなことが明らかとなった.
    (1) 通常工作機械結合部の変位は非線形特性であるのに対して, テーパ接合部の変位は線形特性を示す.これはテーパ接合部が閉鎖形の結合部構成方法となっているためである.
    (2) 閉鎖形という構造構成上の特徴により, テーパ接合部の存在による剛性低下は小さく, 最大でも10%程度である.これは, ボルト結合部やすべり案内面のような開放形の工作機械結合部に対する閉鎖形の大きな特徴と考えられる.
    (3) 開放形でその剛性に大きな影響を及ぼす接触面圧, 接触面積, 作用曲げ荷重等の結合部因子はテーパ接合部の剛性にほとんど影響しない.
    (4) MT#5とNT#40の特性を比較した結果によれば, テーパ接合では古くから言われているようにテーパ大径部の接触が重要であることが確認できた.
    なお, 以上のことよりテーパ接合部のような閉鎖形の結合部が, 工作機械工具-被削材系内に存在してもそれによる剛性低下はわずかであると言える.従って, たとえその部分を一体化しても系全体の剛性の増加はほとんど期待できないと考えられる.
  • 野村 恭也, 深谷 卓
    1980 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 249-256
    発行日: 1980/02/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    聴覚には複雑な神経幾構が関与しているが, 齢のエネルギーを電気信号に変えるまではかなり機械的な処理が行われている.そのメカニズムと難聴について述べる.
    聴覚機構とその障害および治療について記載した.中耳の働きは音圧増強作用でかなり機械的に行われている.それが障害された場合は顕微鏡手術で伝音器の再建が行われている.将来は診断, 手術方法などについて現在よりさらに進んだ方法が考案されるであろう.
    内耳には複雑な生化学的機構が存在していてエネルギーの変換を行っている.その障害のメカニズムには不明の点が多く, 細胞膜をはじめ細胞に関する生物的な多くの情報が必要である.
  • 上野 滋
    1980 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 257-258
    発行日: 1980/02/05
    公開日: 2009/06/30
    ジャーナル フリー
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