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Volume 46, Issue 8
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Masato KOBAYASHI1980 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 934-939
Published: August 05, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes the results of an analytical and experimental study of collision vibrations in impact printing for determining design conditions for printing mechanisms. The physical meaning of the results is explained with the assumptions that the type body and the hammer have one or two degrees of freedom and with the approximations that the paper and ribbon have linear stiffness instead of their actual nonlinear stiffness. The analytical results on printing force, contact time and repeating collision area are confirmed experimentally. The results are as follows: (1) To regard the type body as rigid, it is necessary that either the stiffness ratio K of the type body to the paper and ribbon be more than 12 or that the mass ratio M of the type body to the hammer be more than 5. (2) To regard the hammer as rigid, it is necessary that either the stiffness ratio K of the paper and ribbon to the hammer be less than 0.2 or that the mass ratio M of the hammer be more than 4.View full abstractDownload PDF (1029K) -
Koreyoshi KARASAWA, Takeshi YOSHIDA, Akihisa FUJIMOTO1980 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 940-945
Published: August 05, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe assumed a perfect random facet surface of crystal that consist of the elemental surfaces to minimize joining the tops of many small hexahedron cells where the atoms hold the octal theory of chemical bonds. Therefore the intersectional asperity curve between the random surface and an arbitrary plane becomes a uniform increasing (or decreasing) step function. We called thus surface "regular surface" whose both side spaces can be separated without any breakage of themselves. The figure counting polynomial of the total state of different surfaces that are producted by separation to two parts of a hexahedron that each are consisted of 13, 23, 33, 43, 53 and 63 cell (s), was given by
G(χ) =2χ +20χ2 +980χ3 +232 848χ4 +26 722 753χ5 +1478619421 136χ6 +…
There are really in nature many crystals that has rough asperity surfaces specially at the beginning of their growing.View full abstractDownload PDF (1341K) -
Friction and Wear Properties of TiN, TiC FilmsMasakuni KAWADA1980 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 946-952
Published: August 05, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe wear-resisting hard material was deposited onto the surface of self-acting gas bearings by sputtering technique to improve the frictional properties of start-stop conditions. The sputtered film made the surface of the highly-finished substrate material more than two times as hard as original one without giving any influence on its accuracy. From the results of low-speed sliding test, TiN film and TiC film were selected for practical test and were deposited on spiral grooved thrust gas bearings to evaluate their lubricating properties. Bearing coated with TiN film cold bear more than 250 start-stops, while the original substrate bearing was damaged by fewer than 15 start-stops. The starting torque was also decreased almost by 40% from the original one. The advantages of the sputtered film are as follows; facile in machining and repairing (reproducible), and a strong adhesion of the film to the substrate. But wear life of sputtered film is not so long as that of the conventional ceramic films.View full abstractDownload PDF (1698K) -
Effects of Bearing Size, Load, Rotational Speed and the Amount of Lubricating OilToshio MIKI, Yoshiki FUJITA, Takeshi YAMADA1980 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 953-958
Published: August 05, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy the use of the method of circulating oiling in which lubricating oil is supplied and discharged from the back and the front of the bearings, the tapered roller bearings of 32211, 32216, and 32220 have been tested for their frictional moment and temperature rise under the following conditions. Rotational speed =3 000-15 000 rpm (dn 165000-1 100 000), thrust load =500-2 000 kgf, the amount of lubricating oil =0. 87-6. 96 kg/min, lubricating oil temperature =40-85°C. As the result, the following estimated formula is obtained.
M=2. 7 × 10-3P ·dm0.65+1. 6 × 10-2ZB0.45 · Q0.4 · N0.4· dm
M= frictional moment, kgf · cm, P= thrust load, kgf, dm=average bearing diameter, cm, ZB = oil viscosity at bearing temperature, cP, Q = the amount of lubricating oil, kg/min, N= rotational speed, rpm.
θB-θI=7. 3 × 10-4 ZI0.3·P0.2·Q-0.4 · N0.85· dm.
θB =bearing temperature, °C, θI = lubricating oil temperature, °C, ZI =lubricating oil viscosity, cP.View full abstractDownload PDF (997K) -
Yoshio HASEGAWA, Sigeki OKUYAMA, Suehisa KAWAMURA1980 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 959-964
Published: August 05, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to explain the mechanism of grinding, it is necessary to clarify the mechanism of workpiece removal by the grain. Therefore this report treats experimentally the sliding depth (the critical interference depth between cutting edges and workpiece under elastic rubbing), the metal removal ratio and a profile of cutting edges corresponding to the wear of grinding wheel. The main results obtained are as follows: (1) In grinding the hardened steel with vitrified bonded alumina wheel in the steady grinding state, the workpiece removal is almost due to cutting, and the sliding depth is about 0.2 μm. (2) Right after dressing, the sliding depth reaches to 0.4-0.7 μm. When the grinding burn occurs, the sliding depth is about the same value. (3) The dispersion of cutting edges in the direction of the wheel axis increases with the wear of the wheel, but the heights of successive cutting edges approach to the same level gradually. (4) The time when the grinding burn occurs coincides with the time when all the successive cutting edges become almost the same level of height over the wheel circumference.View full abstractDownload PDF (1869K) -
Kuninori IMAI, Akihiko HIGURASHI1980 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 965-970
Published: August 05, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to minimize the electrical loss of millimeter waveguides, their surfaces have to be covered with silver with a surface roughness of less than 0.1μm (Rmax) and a dimensional accuracy of within 10μm. Present developments, employing advanced cold hobbing with simultaneous silver cladding, have focused on establishing economical fabrication techniques for the waveguides.Ω and U-shaped hobbs were indented into copper blanks covered with silver plates. Metal flow of the blanks was investigated to define the conditions necessary for precise shaping, such as the shape of the hob and the work hardening characteristics of the copper blanks. It has been found that precise shaping can be accomplished using a hob with a shoulder. The initial distortion of the waveguide is corrected by pressing the upper free surface around the guide with the shoulder followed by penetration of an auxiliary hob around the center of the sharpest curve. The newly-developed techniques, facilitating the production of waveguides, decrease the surface roughness to 1/10 and the electrical loss to 2/3 of conventional ones.View full abstractDownload PDF (1560K) -
Norihisa ARAI, Kiyotaka HAMAOKA, Kazuichiro KISHIMOTO, Kozo OKITA, Aki ...1980 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 971-976
Published: August 05, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecentry, laser machining has developed rapidly and its achievements have become a center of attraction. However, there are very few researches which deal with laser machining hitherto. Under such a present situation, the butt welding of thin stainless plate (SUS 304) by CO2 gas laser, was chosen as a subject of this study, that is, the influences of welding conditions (welding velocity, distance from focus of laser lens to surface of test piece) on shape and size, strength of welding part were examined. Conclusions obtained may be summarized as follow: (1) Relation among welding conditions and shape, strength of welding part was clarified. (2) It is found that the optimum welding velocity for butt welding of SUS 304 (0.2 mm thickness) in the range of this experiment is about 400-600 mm/min. (3) Judging from cracking appeared by stress corrosion test, it is considered that the residual stress of welding part, causedby CO2 laser welding is above 12 kg/mm2.View full abstractDownload PDF (6109K) -
Effect of Wear of the Abrasive Grain on the Grinding ForceYasuhiro TANI, Yorihiro FUKUZAWA, Takaaki NAGAO, Norio TAKENAKA1980 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 977-982
Published: August 05, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn face grinding by using a single grain even under the same conditions such as grinding speed or area of cut, the grinding force varies according to the degree of wear of the abrasive grain. In this report the aspect of wear and its progress of two kinds of single grains, diamond and sapphire, are described. The worn profile of a grain is idealized from that of a diamond single grain, and the half of the substantial apex angle based on the profile of cut groove is calculated from the area of cut and the depth of cut to represent the worn profile. It is taken as the parameter, and the dependency of the grinding force on the area of cut or the grinding speed is investigated, which answers the questions about the effect of wear of abrasive grains proposed in the previous report. Moreover the relation between the variation of grinding force and the change of flow in the workpiece brought about by the wear of grain is considered.View full abstractDownload PDF (1030K) -
Distributions of Impact Stress and Fracture Probability within Cutting EdgeEiji USUI, Tohru IHARA, Takahiro SHIRAKASHI1980 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 983-989
Published: August 05, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the entry-impact force distribution on rake face predicted analytically in the 2nd report of this study, the stress distribution within the cutting edge is obtained through a three dimensional finite element calculation with taking the inertia body force due to the tool deflection into account. The probabilistic criterion of fracture stress for carbide tool materials, which was derived in the 1st report, is then applied to the stress field obtained, and the distribution of fracture probability within the cutting edge is determined. The result shows that there exist two regions of distinctly higher probability than others on the rake face, one of which is a region around the nose circle of the cutting edge and the other is a region just behind the tool-chip contact zone and closer to the end cutting edge. An interrupted turning test is conducted in order to ascertain the predicted results, in which special cares are taken to avoid the exit chipping and to minimize the effects of temperature and thermal stress, which are not taken into account in the present analysis. The observed chipping are clearly classified into two types as was predicted, which are small chippings around the nose circle of the cutting edge and large injuries passing through the end cutting edge.View full abstractDownload PDF (3571K) -
Muneharu MOROZUMI1980 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 990-996
Published: August 05, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe type-3 milled worm screw thread is produced by a cone-shaped milling cutter or grinding wheel with the wheel axis inclined relative to the worm axis by the lead angle on the pitch cylinder. The present paper deals with the theoretical formulas to calculate the pitch diameters or the measurement over rolls of the type-3 milled worm screw thread, which have one or multistart threads and large lead angles, in measuring worms by the over-roll-measurement. Furthermore, calculation has been made on the best roll diameter that enables the roll to touch the spiral on the flank whose diameter is equal to the nominal pitch diameter. In order to make practical calculation easier, the approximate formula to calculate the pitch diameter of the type-3 milled worm screw thread with high accuracy without using the iteration method is proposed, and the accuracy of the approximate formula is numerically estimated comparing their solutions with the exact theoretical ones. Finally some numerical examples are given for the application of the theory to practice.View full abstractDownload PDF (1058K) -
Masafumi SAKAMOTO, Jun'ichi MATSUNO1980 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 997-1002
Published: August 05, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the basic characteristics of the cutting of the hardened steel, an experimental study was carried out on various workpieces with different hardnesses, cutting velocities and tool rake angles. It is observed from the work that the form of chip can be classified into three types and their forms are influenced by the cutting velocity and the workpiece hardness. The thin chip thickness is obtained in the range of high hardness and relatively higher cutting velocity. On the condition that the thin chip is found, the cutting force is small and shear zone temperature rise is low for its hardness. There is close relation between the increase of hardness and velocity on cutting results. It is tried to consider hardness and velocity collectively, and a conception of equivalent cutting velocity was proposed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1121K) -
Sunao ISHIHARA1980 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 1003-1008
Published: August 05, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo achieve accurate pattern registration in proximity printing with divergent X-rays, three dimensional geometrical analysis of registration error factors has been carried out theoretically. Analysis shows that pattern registration is achieved by controlling the relative displacements of mask and wafer along six axes; shifts x and y, rotation θ, spacing z, and inclinations α and β, and that the positioning accuracy required in the each vertical direction can be reduced by a factor of R/D, compared with the horizontal positioning, where R is wafer radius and D is exposure distance. It is also shown that isotropic wafer distortion can be corrected by proximity gap control, just as a run-out error. According to these considerations, an alignment system has been developed utilizing a six degree of freedom positioner, electro-static gap detectors, photo-electric mark detectors and micro-computer software. The system ability for pattern registration has been evaluated by experimental exposures at an error of less than ±0.2μm, which is sufficient for fabricating devices with 1μm design rules.View full abstractDownload PDF (956K) -
The Effects of Shapes of Guide-pads on Hole-accuracyKeizo SAKUMA, Koichi TAGUCHI, Akio KATSUKI1980 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 1009-1014
Published: August 05, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn an attempt to find efficient methods for making high-accuracy holes, experiments were performed with solid boring tools. incorporating various types of guide-pads so arranged as to give different burnishing action, in which the effect of these pads on the cutting forces and the attainable hole accuracy (roundness, straightness, roughness, etc.) had been investigated. It was found out that, for proper and efficient burnishing action, both the shapes and positions of the pads must be taken in to consideration. In the case of the tool made up of wedgeshaped pads which give allowance for a thin oil film between the wall and the pads, the wall was subject to severe burnishing action at the edge portions of the pads. In the case of the tool with the second pad slightly shifted in an off-center position, some degree of allowance for radial play of the tool was made possible, which give rise to a stabilized cutting action with inherent high accuracy.View full abstractDownload PDF (1073K) -
Yoshiya FUJII, Hiroyasu IWABE1980 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 1015-1020
Published: August 05, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with the measuring methods of flank wear, receding cutting edge of helical square end mill, the tool life equation and also the relationship between flank wear and accuracy, by end milling. The results are as follows. (1) The applicable measuring method of flank wear and decreasing diameter of helical end mill is given and the measurement is performed. (2) There are two types of flank wear, one is the rectangular type and the other is the rectangular type with the grooved wear. The grooved wear appears in down milling, and becomes bigger as the cutting speed increases. (3) The tool life equations are given with three kinds of tool material in up or down milling for a critical flank wear of 150 μm in the normal direction to the cutter axis. (4) Work accuracy depends upon receding a cutting edge. And the configulation of wear is projected on a side surface of a work. But such a projection rule cannot be maintained due to a grooved of the helical flute.View full abstractDownload PDF (1008K) -
Fine Machining of DiamondIwao MIYAMOTO, Norio TANIGUCHI1980 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 1021-1026
Published: August 05, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to perform a fine machining of diamond by the ion sputter-machining, it is necessary to investigate various machining characteristics like a sputtering yield, damage and topography of the machined surface of diamond and to develope a prediction method of a geometrical shape of machined work. Therefore, studies on the above mentioned themes have been experimentally and theoretically performed. The obtained results are shown as follows: (1) The layers of sputter machined surfaces of raw and lap-finished diamonds are somewhat disordered in lattice structure, but a thickness of the disordered layer of diamond is thinner than that of silicon single crystal. (2) The smoothly finished surface of diamond is obtained usually by the ion sputter-machining. (3) The sputtering yield of diamond largely depends upon the incident angle of ion and is proportional to the ion energy under the working condition of the ion energy ranging from 0. 5 keV to 1. 6 keV. Moreover, near the incident angle of 50° changes in the sputtering yield and machining rate of diamond seem to be larger than that of the other diamond like lattice such as silicon. (4) The ion sputter-machining is applicable to the sharpening of a stylus such as Talystep's one, an abraded indentor such as micro-Vickers, etc. Moreover, the gene rated machined shape can be predicted by the simple prediction method newly developed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1477K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1980 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 1027-1034
Published: August 05, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (3983K)
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