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Volume 49, Issue 4
Displaying 1-20 of 20 articles from this issue
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Okitsugu SAKATA, M. M. SADEK1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 415-421
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: May 07, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper experimentally describes the essential characteristics relating to the noise and vibration excited on thin tube being honed inner wall surface, such as the mutual relations among noise generation, vibration of tube and honing conditions, and also describes on the cause of vibration. Firstly the experiments have been tried to synthesize the modal shapes of vibration on tube by analysing the dynamic responses of tube for impulse hits. At next experiments, noise and vibration have been simultaneously measured with the position of tool on the inner surface of tube in actual honing process. The results of these experiments show that noise has been caused by self-excited vibration on tube and the modal shape of vibration on tube have been not fixed whilst being honed, but translated to other mode, following the moving of honing position of tool. Moreover, even when a modal shape is excited at as short moving distance of tool, the loop and node of modal shape of tube move to the revolving direction of tool with the tool-movement.View full abstractDownload PDF (1424K) -
Yuji HIRAOKA, Sadao TAKAHASHI, Masayoshi KOBATA1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 422-427
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPlastic composite type-unit with higher printing life has been desired for serial impact printers and typewriters. This research aims to develop new plastic composite type-unit with higher printing life made of industrial materials. At the beginning, the necessary conditions for higher printing life and the printing life of type-units now in usewere studied. Next, the best matrix, reinforcing material and the suitable treatment were selected by the basis of striking test results for experimental type-units made of various kinds of material combinations. The developed type-unit made of Phenolic resin and Silicon-carbide fiber has several times higher printing life than the highest type-unit now in use.View full abstractDownload PDF (1385K) -
Energy Approach of Dynamic Bulging Process and Its ApplicationTakahiro SHIRAKASHI, Eiji USUI1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 428-434
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe paper proposes a new method for analysing a dynamic bulging process of plates, in which the equations of motion and of yield criterion are not directly required, but the balance of energies in deformation process, such as the energy for plastic deformation, the kinematic energy and the work done of applied force, is discussed. The method proposed is verified through analysing the deformation process in phase I (during loading) of circular plate under uniform impact loading. The methodis also applied to analysis that of circular plates under annular impact loading. The following results are obtained through these analyses. (1) The dynamic deformation process of plates in phase I under impact loading can be easily analysed by the method proposed. (2) The hinge circle appears at the position where the kinematic energy is maximized-principle of maximum kinematic energy. (3) The plate deforms such the mode that the work done of applied load becomes maximum-principle of maximum work done of applied load.View full abstractDownload PDF (1016K) -
Fracture Mechanics on Crack Trajectory due to Large Scale FractureKatsumi MIZUTANI, Morihiko TANISAKI, Yoshio TANAKA, Mamoru IDO1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 435-440
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was previously found that material removals of ceramics by cutting were carried out in two categories; large scale fracture and small scale one. Crack trajectory by the large scale fracture is presently studied by experiments and numerical analysis of incipient stage of the orthogonal cutting. The following results are made clear. (1) A crack initiates at the region near the tool tip and unstably extends slightly downwards. Its subsequent extension varies depending upon properties of materials and depth of cut. One is arrested and the other propagates until chip is formed. The latter belongs to either of two types; one is for the crack which turns upwards from some depth andemerges out at the upper free surface, the other is for the crack which traverses the work. (2) So long as the crack propagates downwards, its trajectory is nearly coincident with the stress trajectory of the minimum principal stress. (3) When the arrested crack re-extends by the progress of the tool, it propagates more downwards than before arrest. This is because the stress intensity factor Ku is positive. (4) When the crack trajectory turns upwards, material crushing of compression type or shear type is always observed just in front of the tool rake face. (5) The material crushing occurs more easily for materials having lower strength ratio of compression to tension and at lower depth of cut. Consequently the crack trajectory turns upwards earlier.View full abstractDownload PDF (1259K) -
An Application of Pai-number to Machine Design in General Design TheoryTetsuo TOMIYAMA, Hiroyuki YOSHIKAWA1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 441-446
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes a design process theory by axiomatic approach based on General design theory. Theorems under a hypothesis concerning real designers are deduced, and from it, a production rule type design process model is introduced. In this design process model, the design specification is decomposed into some concepts about physical rules, and the function elements, each of which actualizes the corresponding physical rule as an entity, are selected. The design specification is actualized by the combination of those function elements.In order to operate this design process, a good representation method for functions which enables the decomposition of the specification or the representation of the physical rules, is.required. In the present study, the pai-number method is developed, which is derived from the fact that a machine function can be expressed by the inputoutput energy relation. By using this pal-number method, a guiding principle for the rationalization and the construction of CAD systems of the conceptual design stage of machines is obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (1036K) -
Mechanism of Generation and Propagation of Pressure WaveHachiro TSUCHIYA, Tomoichi INOUE, Yuzo MORI, Naoya IKAWA1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 447-453
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study is presented of the energy conversion processes to make clear the generation and propagation of pressure wave as basic phenomena in underliquid electrical discharge forming. Based on precise observation of electrical and mechanical phenomena, a model is proposed for the process in which the electrical energy released in the electrode gap is converted into the internal energy, the radiation energy of the bubble and the energy of the pressure wave in turn. The validity of the model is discussed with both the pressure wave measured by the device of special design and the electrical energy. It is shown that the pressure level, the size, and the possible temperature of the bubble and the form of pressure wave in liquid can be reasonably evaluated by the model in the case of a shorter electrode gap. The results present the basis for the analytical design of the system of underliquid electrical discharge forming.View full abstractDownload PDF (1008K) -
Iwao YAMAMOTO, Tadaharu YOKOKAWA1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 454-459
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper is concerned with transfer characteristics of a fluidic micrometer of gauging a very small displacement in vacuum space. In the micrometer, gas flows from a constant pressure supply chamber into an intermediate chamber through an orifice, and then leakes into the vacuum space through a gap between a nozzle and its counter face to be measured. Both static and dynamic performance of the micrometer is studied in relations o the supply pressure up to 200 k Pa with experimental examples. The results are as follows; the static characteristic curves obtained in case of various supply pressure, when output pressure is represented in a normalized expression, are identical ; the time constant which represents the dynamical performance of the micrometer varies as a function of the operating pressure; the time constant increases in proportion to the operating pressure up to a maximum value and then decreases, and such tendency and its magnitude is almost independent with the supply pressure.View full abstractDownload PDF (1130K) -
Influence of Cutting Edge Temperature and Cutting Force on Tool FailureHiroshi KAWABATA, Yoshio FUJIMURA, Shinichi NAKABAYASHI1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 460-466
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFracture mechanism of TiC simple carbide type cermet tool in intermittent cutting has been studied, with regard to cutting edge temperature and cutting force. Machining tests were conducted on a lathe by cutting steel bar having narrow slots. Cutting speed was varied from 1.25 m/s to 4.17 m/s and feed rate from 0.2 mm/rev to 0.4 mm/rev, whereas depth of cut was maintained constant (1.5 mm) throughout the tests. Cumulative failure probability was determined at each cutting condition. Tool life at 50% reliability decreases at low cuttingspeed and at high cutting speed together with high feed rate. Early failure increases due to brittleness of the material at the former and due to plastic deformation of the cutting edge at the latter. Fracture mechanism of a cutting edge varies according to the temperature at a depth of 0.2 mm beneath tool face (Ps). When the temperature at Ps remains below specific temperature (Tc), the cutting edge fails through brittle fracture, but when the temperature becomes higher than Tc, a parallel crack is formed and gradually propagates under the tool face, and finally fast failure breaks the cutting edge. This specific temperatute Tc was found to be about 1 070 K.View full abstractDownload PDF (1604K) -
Hiroshi ISHIDA, Ichiro INASAKI, Sakae YONETSU1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 467-471
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn-process sensor for ground surface roughness is developed utilizing optical fibres. The sensor has a control system to keep the optimum distance between the fibre and the work. Disturbances of grinding fluid and swarf are avoided by such method that the measurement is carried out in grinding fluid. Two optical fibre bundles, one of them is normal to the target and the other is set with a certain angle against the first bundle, in order to increase the sensitivity of the sensor. The output of the latter signal is divided by the former output. Surface roughness is measured during cylindrical plunge grinding using the sensor developed in this study. Changing process of ground surface roughness is investigated for various grinding condition. Results are summarised as follows. (1) Improving rate of surface roughness is affected by depth of cut, and is hardly effected by work speed. (2) Surface roughness becomes constant after the surface layer of work which corresponds to maximum roughness is removed. (3) The constant roughness value mentioned above increases as depth of cut and work speed increase. Effect of work speed is more dominant than depth of cut.View full abstractDownload PDF (860K) -
Yoshio ISHIKAWA1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 472-477
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes a study on the effect of the rolling speed on the rolling friction produced when a hard steel ball rolls between two parallel flat plates. The main results obtained are as follows. (1) When the rolling contact surfaces are unlubricated, the rolling friction is greatly effected by the rolling speeds. (2) In the low speed range of a rolling ball, it is considered that the rolling frictionincreases due to the adhesion and in the high speed range the rolling friction similarly increases due to the collision with the contact surfaces. (3) With a small amount of the high viscosity oil, . the rolling friction decreases due to the less adhesion according to the oil film between contact surfaces, and are not effected still held constant in. case of the lower rolling speed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1191K) -
Isamu AOKI, Kisuke IIDA, Yasuo JIMBO1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 478-482
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: January 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNew deburring method with vibratory conveyer is developed. This is based on simple idea that the product on the conveying trough can be ground by abrasive paper previously attached on the surface through the conveying operation. In this paper, deburring rate and edge quality of deburred product are described and some factors affecting themare also discussed. Following results are obtained., (1) New deburring method is developed using a vibratory conveyer with an abrasive paper attached on the surface. (2) The burr of product put on conveying trough can be removed clearly through the conveying operation by rubbing action between burr and abrasive paper. (3) Edge quality of deburred product by this method is excellent cornpared with the other ordinary method.View full abstractDownload PDF (1181K) -
Influence of Several Design Factors on Occurrence of Self-excited VibrationTadaatsu SATOMI1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 483-488
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Purpose of this study is to present design datum for an aerostatic guiding system. In this paper, relations between depth of air-pocket and land clearance in the critical condition for the occurrence of self-excited vibration are calculated theoretically when source pressure, orifice radius, air-pocket radius and outer land radius are varied respectively. From one of these relations, it is confirmed thatthe critical land clearance for the stability depends mainly on air-pocket volume, i. e. the smaller the volume the larger the critical land clearance. According to this theory, a guiding system which has land in the air-pocket was designed. From the experiments it was confirmed that the static rigidity and the stability of the system were improved, and experimental values showed good agreement with theoretical ones.View full abstractDownload PDF (429K) -
System of InstrumentationShinichi TOOE, Tsutomu YAMAGUCHI, Kuniaki UMINO1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 489-495
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAccording as the development of the automatic grinding is taken place, so it becomes a serious problem how grinding state is recognized. And it is described that grinding force is closely related to grinding conditions and the deterioration of the cutting edges, therefore the in-process measurement of the grinding force is important. In this report, the method of measuring the slip in the induction motor to obtain the grinding power is considered, andthe new system to measure the tangential grinding force is developed with which the problem of the small power and the high speed on the grinding and the problem of the fluctuation on the voltage of the motor is solved. This system can be applied to the small grinding force in the fine grinding, because the minimum resolving power is about 0.202 N {20.6 gf} and the error of the tangential grinding force for the fluctuates of the voltage and the frequency of the electric source on the induction motor is automatically corrected.View full abstractDownload PDF (579K) -
Naoki MURAMATSU, Noriyuki TAMAKUNI1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 496-501
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn industrial sewing machines with automatic thread trimmer driven by the cam mechanism, transient torque is produced in the rotating shaft during thread trimming. In this report, a method of estimating the transient torque is studied. As a result, this method which theoretically estimates the torque to the equivalent torsional vibration model of two-degree-of-freedom is found to be valid. Especially, as for the two notable transienttorques Ti and Tt produced during returning period of the follower, the followings are made clear. Ti is caused mainly by the inertia force, and it is produced during catching process of thread. On the other hand, Tt is caused mainly by the needle thread tension, and it is produced during drawing process of thread. Although Ti is in proportion to the square of the arm shaft speed, Tt is independent on the speed. Therefore, it is possible to estimate Tt statically by the force acting on the cam.View full abstractDownload PDF (982K) -
Measuring Method of the Circuit Constants in Temperature Control Circuits of Jacket CoolingJunji CHIGIRA, Kazutaka KUBOTA, Yoshiaki KAKINO1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 502-508
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs a part of researches on temperature control of machine tools, the means to measure the circuit constants in temperature-control circuits, which must be established in order to design such a circuit when the spindle head is cooled by jacket cooling, has been studied. The following results were obtained : (1) The most appropriate position to mount the detector for temperature control, is the ournal part of the spindle head, which is closestthe cooling unit. (2) In the case that the construction of spindle head enables the measurement of cooling capacity, the cooling capacity needed can be estimated by first varying the cooling capacity at steady state, and then observing the changes in temperature, to derive the relationship between the temperature elevation and the cooling capacity. (3) The transfer function for the temperature elevation of spindle head may be assumed to be a series of a dead time element and a first order lag element. (4) The above function is adequately obtained by observing the step response and the frequency response within a short period of time, say a few minutes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1055K) -
Analysis of Shape Generation ProcessKenjiro OKAMURA, Shinya TSUKAMOTO, Youichi UEDA, Yutaka NARUKAWA1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 509-515
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn traverse grinding the grinding system stiffness obtained from the stiffness of the center on the tailstock and the workpiece has changed by relative position of the wheel and the workpiece. Further the value of wheel wear increases as the grinding process advances. The fact as described above makes quite complicated process of shape generation intraverse grinding. This report analyzes the shape generation process in the direction of work spindle. First the formulation of the grinding system stiffness was conducted and the simulation analysis method of the traverse grinding was established. Used this method the shape generation process can be predicted quantitatively. Next the shape error was defined and the effects of grinding condition parameters on the shape error were considered.View full abstractDownload PDF (1303K) -
Kazuo MARUYAMA, Hirokazu TSUJI, Isamu YOSHIMOTO, Akira TOYAMA1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 516-520
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: January 20, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe electric standard system was renewed in 1977 in Japan. In order to establish this system, a precision solenoid for electric standard use, which is manufactured by winding a copper wire on a quartz bobbin having threads, is required. The manufacture of the precision solenoid requires the measurement of the pitch error of the bobbin before the winding a copper wire. Therefore a new measuring machine which has a very large cubecorner and two electronic comparator's gauge heads as feelers, is manufactured as a trial by utilizing the screw lead measuring machine with a laser interferometer. The main results are as follows : (1) The measurement of the thread having large diameter (250 mm in this case) and small pitch (1 mm in this case) became to be possible. (2) The result of measurement by this new measuring machine for the bobbin shows a fairly good agreement with that by the Moore's coordinate measuring machine. (3) The preciseness of measurement is 0.15 μm for repeatability in the standard deviation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1390K) -
The Effect on Crater WearYasuo YAMANE, Norihiko NARUTAKI1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 521-527
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the effects of the oxygen content in the atmosphere on tool wear, high speed face milling tests were carried out on plain carbon steel S 45 C and stainless steel SUS 304 with carbide, cermet and ceramic tools. Cutting tests were conducted in the sealed chamber of which the atmosphere was changeable. In the case of milling S 45 C in the low oxygen content atmosphere, the crater wear reduced drastically and oxide layerswere observed on the rake face of the tested tools. A logarithmic relation was found between the crater wear and the concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere. It was also found that the thermal cracks on the rake face reduced with the decrease of the oxygen content in the atmosphere. In the case of SUS 304, the crater wear was not influenced by the oxygen content, but the chipping wear seemed to be suppressed by the decrease of the oxygen content.View full abstractDownload PDF (1810K) -
[in Japanese]1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 528-532
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1147K) -
[in Japanese]1983 Volume 49 Issue 4 Pages 533-539
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: July 23, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1311K)
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