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Volume 50, Issue 2
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 341-346
Published: February 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 347-356
Published: February 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
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Influence of Finishing Condition of Contact SurfacesHiroaki ISONO, Kazuo KOGA1984 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 357-364
Published: February 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study aims to clarify characteristics of impulsive friction and influence of conditions of contact. The coefficient of impulsive friction μi, on 10 different frictional surfaces is measured in the way reported in the previous report, and the relation between pressure of surface σn and impulsive shearing stress τc; and μi is shown as μi=aσbn exp(cσn). The mechanism of impulsive friction is treated on the basis of the theory of adhesive friction, and the frictional surfaces are observed, and each experimental curve is examined. The conclusions obtained are as follows: (1) From light to heavy load, μi always decreases and asymptotically approaches toward zero. (2) τc increases as σn increases, and reaches maximum value T MPa when pressure of surface σn=Σ MPa and then asymptotically approaches toward zero. (3) Capacity of friction in a condition of contact is shown as Z=10-2 TΣ. Z becomes maximum 43.6 when the carbon steel has mirror surfaces and becomes minimum 2.0 when the above is oil-lubricated. On other conditions like carbon steel with surfaces which are rolled, zinc-plated, and roughly ground, it becomes 25.4, 11.5, 6.6 respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (1901K) -
The Behavior of Plastics Screws under the Combined LoadKen-ichi SAITO, Akihiro OKAWA, Kazuo MARUYAMA1984 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 365-370
Published: February 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with the experimental consideration on a method to estimate the strength of plastics screws under the combined load of tension and torsion. First, a testing machine is designed so that the three different tests (i.e. tensile, tightening and proportional loading tests) can be carried out for this purpose. Second, it is proposed that the equivalent stress-equivalent plastic strain curve obtained from combined loading should be compared with the stress-strain curve in the uniaxial tension to clarify the strength under such the combined load corresponding to the proof stress under the uniaxial tension. Third, the strength ofthe screws made of polycarbonate (PC) is considered by use of the testing machine. The results obtained are as follows. (1) The equivalent stressequivalent plastic strain curves of the screws under the combined load agree approximately with the stress-strain curve of cylindrical test piece under uniaxial tension. (2) The tendencies of the stress under the combined load corresponding to the proof stress of PC screw gives fairly good agreement with the failure curve based on Maximum Distorsion Energy Theory. (3) The strength of PC screws in tightening can be predicted from the proof stress of cylindrical test piece under uniaxial tension since the shearing stress can be assumed approximately to be distributed linearly in the radial direction within the range of actual tightening.View full abstractDownload PDF (991K) -
Ryoshin HONDA, Tadaaki SUGITA, Seiki MATUI1984 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 371-376
Published: February 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the case of dressing with worn flat diamond tip dressers, the periodicity of the ground surface roughness is studied by means of power spectral analysis in relation to dressing factors. The power spectra are calculated from ground surface roughness curves obtained from the workpieces, which are ground with the wheel dressed by the conical flaster diamond tip dresser under various conditions. In the power spectrum curve, the highest peak of power is present at the wave length corresponding to a dressing feed, therefore the periodicity of the ground surface roughness is investigated by their peak powers. Obtained results indicate that the silicon carbide wheels produce stronger periodic surface roughness than the aluminum oxide wheels, and the harder wheels than the softer ones, further the periodicity of the ground surface roughness becomes rapidly stronger with increasing the dressing feed and infeed beyond about 1/3 of the dresser top breadth and about 10μm respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (986K) -
Dai HONMA, Yoshiyuki MIWA, Nobuhiro IGUCHI1984 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 377-382
Published: February 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes two different prototype micro manipulators which operate on the basis of the Shape Memory Effect (SME). One manipulator called "Skeleton-muscle type" is composed of aluminum pipe skeletons, bias springs and thin wire actuators of Ti-Ni shape memory alloy (50-50 at%) which contract and relux like a muscle and has 5 degrees of freedom, of which structure is suitable for a large size manipulator. The other called "Softbody type" has simple soft and small body 20mm in its length, made of Ti-Ni wire and silicone rubber coat for a bias spring, being capable ofmicrominiturizing, which has 2 degrees of freedom. These manipulators are drived by pulse width electric heating of Ti-Ni alloy and program controlled using a microcomputer system. It was found in the performance tests that the "Skeleton-muscle type" performs 1 reciprocating arm motion in 3.2 seconds and the "Soft-body type" in 17 seconds under normal condition. Both the voltage (concerning current) and duty ratio of the heating pulse increase with increasing the manipulated force, speed and variable, however they decrease as the load is increased. The "Skeleton-muscle type" repeats more than 104 stable movements at a temperature within Af point of Ti-Ni alloy.View full abstractDownload PDF (1210K) -
Studies on Wet Grinding Temperature (2nd Report)Heiji YASUI1984 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 383-388
Published: February 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, the influence of depth of cut and grinding direction on wet grinding temperature was investigated by measuring the temperature and the generated heat in wet and dry grindings, and discussed by considering the occurrence of film boiling phenomenon in the wheel-work contact zone. Grinding fluid used was soluble type. As the actual depth of cut ta below a critical depth of cut (ta)cr, the maximum elevated temperature θmax and the generated heat Q in wet grinding become remarkably lower and somewhat less than in the dry.Then, below (ta)cr, the effect of grinding fluid on repressing as well as cooling the generated heat seems to be related partially to the low wet grinding temperature. Over (ta)cr, θmax and Q in wet grinding are almost the same as in the dry since the fluid turns to boiling film. Accordingly, over (ta)cr, wet grinding temperature may be expressed approximately by means of the formula for dry grinding temperature. When using the injecting nozzle attached to usual position, (ta)cr and θmax at ta below (ta)cr in up-cut grinding are inclined to be smaller and higher than in down-cut grinding.View full abstractDownload PDF (1313K) -
Toshiro HIGUCHI, Takeshi MIZUNO1984 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 389-393
Published: February 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper presents an analytical study on the mid-frequency resonance phenomenon of step motors. This phenomenon is frequently observed as pronounced oscillations when a step motor is driven by usual open loop drive method at relatively high input pulse rate. Since the phenomenon causes torque drop or torque dip in the torque-speed curve of the motor, it limits the possible operations of the motor system. The purpose of the study is toinvestigate the mechanism of the phenomenon in permanent-magnet step motors. A method to predict the behavior of the motors in the mid-frequency resonance is presented. This method is based on a kind of harmonic analysis. The amplitude and the frequency of the velocity oscillations of the motor in the mid-frequency resonance can be calculated by the method. These theoretical predictions show fairly good coincidence with the experimental results. And the characteristics of the mid-frequency resonance can be explained by the analysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (790K) -
Fracture Characteristics in Compression TestMasaki TAKAHASHI, Akihiko ISHIMURA, Ichiro INASAKI, Junichi SATO1984 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 394-398
Published: February 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCompression test were carried out for various kinds of CBN grains in order to clarify their fracture characteristics. Static as well as impulsive loads were applied on monocrystalline and sintered CBN grains by using the test equipment developed in this study. Occurrence of micro fracture in grains were detected by means of acoustic emission signals. It was confirmed through the tests that the sintered CBN grains were tougher than the monocrystalline CBN grains. Effect of the thermal shock on their fracture characteristics were also investigated.View full abstractDownload PDF (826K) -
Organization of Formation Phenomena andSome Theoretical Consideration forthe Grinding CracksHiroshi EDA, Kozo KISHI, Hideo UENO1984 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 399-405
Published: February 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have decided to go back to the metal structure regarding the origin of the workpiece to investigate the formation mechanism of grinding crack from a metallographyical standpoint. In this report, the first step of the study was to organize the grinding crack type under various grinding conditions in Fe-(0.2-1.8)% C martensite steels.The next step mainly dealt with the formation mechanism of a grinding crack from a thermal standpoint. A summary of the most important results is given below. (1) The grinding crack is organized into four types in its relationship to the α' crystal grain and the α'-γ phase. (2) The grinding temperature θg (or grinding temperature θg) due to the heat pulse of the abrasive grain was considered as the most influencial dominating factor of the grinding microcrack. In addition, the grinding macrocrack may be attributed to the grinding temperature θω generated by the grinding wheel.View full abstractDownload PDF (1473K) -
Tetsuo KUMAZAWA, Tatsuji SAKAMOTO, Shigeru SHIDA1984 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 406-410
Published: February 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes a simple method whereby a concave surface is irradiated with coherent light and the resulting interference fringes yield information on the concave surface. This method can be applied to a surface which satisfies the following conditions; (1) the concave face has a mirror surface; (2) the profile of the face is expressed by a mathematical function with a point of inflection.In this interferometry, multi-light waves reflected from the concave surface interfere and make fringes wherever the reflected light propagates. Interference fringe pattern is clear even in the range of high fringe orders. Photographs of the fringe patterns for a uniformly loaded thin silicon plate clamped at the edge are shown experimentally. The experimental and the theoretical values of the maximum optical path difference show good agreement. This simple method can be applied to obtain accurate information on concave surfaces.View full abstractDownload PDF (923K) -
Whoa Soo LEE, Yuji FURUKAWA1984 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 411-417
Published: February 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper examines the optimum stiffness dividing method for grinding machine proposed in a previous paper and demonstrates its practical applications. First, the experiments are performed with a simulator which can set desired stiffnesses on both wheel and work-support systems. This test result shows that, as the proposed method indicates, the self-excited vibration can be eliminated by dividing the resultant stiffness of grinding machine into wheel as well as work-support systems so as to have minimum limit damping ratios. Next, the relation between the stiffness and the occurrence of chatter vibration on existing grinding machines are evaluated from the viewpoint of the present method. It is verified experimentally that the present method can be applied to ordinary grinding machine having low damping ratio.View full abstractDownload PDF (1331K) -
Hideo INOUE, Hohsei NOGUCHI, Mitsuro HATTORI1984 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 418-423
Published: February 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with the temperature distributions and the thermal deformations of the grinding wheels. The investigated wheels are a conventional vitrified bonded alumina wheel and a CBN wheel. The hub material of CBN wheel is an aluminum alloy. From the experimental results measured with the thermographs, it derived that the temperature of aluminum hub is directly affected by the heat flowed from the rotating wheelspindle. However, the influence of heat flow on the vitrified bonded wheel is restricted to the inner abrasive layer of wheel. This difference of temperature distribution between both wheels can be explained by the differences of the thermal conductivity and the air-cooling ability of the wheels. The distance between both peripheries of CBN wheel and wheel spindle remarkably increases with the increase of wheel running time. It can be considered that this large expansion is almost contributed by the thermal expansion of aluminum hub.View full abstractDownload PDF (1217K) -
Kazuo NAKAYAMA, Minoru ARAI, Katsuo TAKEI1984 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 424-429
Published: February 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSimple equations for the calculation of three components of resultant cutting force are derived from theoretical equations. Empirical relations which exists in the practical range of cutting conditionsand the linear approximation are used to get the simplified form of equations for the convenience of practical use. The equations give the three components as the function of cutting conditions and tool geometry. Material constants in the equations are obtained for 14representative metals from a series of cutting tests.View full abstractDownload PDF (737K) -
[in Japanese]1984 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 430-434
Published: February 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1984 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 435-440
Published: February 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 441-447
Published: February 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
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[in Japanese]1984 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 448-453
Published: February 05, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1336K)
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