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51 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の33件中1～33を表示しています
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塚田 忠夫1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 663-667
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
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神垣 恵治, 橋本 洋1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 668-673
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
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宮本 紘三1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 674-680
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
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三井 公之1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 681-687
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
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佐藤 壽芳1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 688-694
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
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谷田貝 豊彦1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 695-702
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリー光干渉法の動向と新しいしま解析技術について述べた.干渉計測法は光計測法のなかでも古典的で最も普遍的な技術である.しかし,本稿で述べたように,現在でも進歩は著しく,(1)新しい対象への挑戦と,(2)測定精度向上への努力は続けられている.
特殊な干渉計測法であるホログラフィやスペックル干渉法については紙数の都合で割愛せざるをえなかった.これらの干渉技術に対しても,5章で述べた各種高精度干渉法の導入が試みられているのである.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (6790K) -
中川 泰夫1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 703-705
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
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金田 徹, 塚田 忠夫1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 706-711
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
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押田 良忠1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 712-716
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリー投影じま自動焦点法により物体表面の形状,膜厚,板厚等が非接触で精密に測定できることを示した.光学的測定はほかの手段に比べ作動距離が大きく,微小な検出領域を高精度に測定できる等大きな特長を持っている.反面試料の光学的特性に測定結果が影響されやすい欠点もある.ここで紹介した方法はこの問題点を原理的に解決する方法であり,実験によっても効果を裏付けている.しかし本方式は必ずしも万能ではなく,例えば大きな傾斜を持っている測定対象や,極端に反射率が低くなるコーティングされた透明体の表面等に対しては,測定不可能となる.このような対象はほかの方法においても困難であり,特殊な手段を施す必要がある.本測定法はここに紹介した応用例にとどまらず,広い応用範囲を持っている.また投影じま自動焦点法は測定のほかに,種々の検査装置の焦点合わせにも応用できる.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4058K) -
澤田 廉士1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 717-721
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
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松永 輝雄1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 722-729
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
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倉沢 一男1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 730-737
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2010/02/16
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加藤 進1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 738-742
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
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中山 一雄1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 743
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
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適応制御技術による高精度組立成木 一英, 夫馬 一成, 小野田 浩, 松本 和男, 今枝 誠1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 744-749
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
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神田 浩, 石川 潔, 片倉 景義, 加藤 重雄, 平松 敬之1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 750-755
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
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島岡 宏行, 冨森 紘, 福西 利夫1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 756-761
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
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I. 2乗和の分解と誤差分散田口 玄一1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 762-767
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリー信頼性の高いばらつきの少ない機能製品を設計するときに有用な実験計画法の手法は,伝統的な数理統計学の方法とは全く異なる.その数学的基礎は,二次形式によるパーセバル分解であり,その経済的背景は二次的損失関数(Quadratic loss)である.コストも下げ機能品質もよくするこの方法は,米国の技術分野に広く用いられようとしている.本講座は,米国での現状を紹介しながら,それらの手法の基礎と応用をできるだけ詳細に技術者向きに解説することを目的にしている.
いままで述べたことは,目標値や真値からの差による損失は,差の2乗に比例するということと,差の2乗の大きさの平均である誤差分散は,技術の世界では,校正や調整後の値を求めなければならないということである.そのためには,観測データの2乗和の中から,校正や調整によって除ける部分の変動を差し引いた誤差変動を求め,自由度で割って誤差分散を求める必要がある.全2乗和を求めることは簡単でも,校正や調整方法によって除ける部分を求めるには,一般には分散分析の手法が必要である.分散分析の手法は数学的にはパーセバル分解であり技術的にはスペクトル分解と同じものである.全2乗和の中から,ある成分に対応する変動を求めることは全スペクトルのパワー(2乗の積分)の中から,特定の周波数成分のパワーを求めてその大きさの比を調べたり,全出力を信号のパワーと雑音のパワーに分解するという計算と全く同じものである.スペクトル分解では,関数空間のノルムの2乗を信号の大きさと雑音の大きさに分解するが,分散分析では有限次元のユークリッド空間すなわちベクトル空間で同じことを行っている.
全2乗和も,校正や調整によって除ける変動もすべて観測データの2次形式で,計算上のルールは2次形式の理論である.2次形式は,その係数が作る行列と一対一に対応するから,単位行列を校正や調整によって除ける行列と残りの行列に分解する計算法といってもよい.本章においては,校正作業は基準点校正と傾斜校正のみを取り扱ったので,それらに対応する変動の自由度は1で,変動に対応する行列の階数も1であった.しかし,一般にはもっと複雑な校正や調整も必要であり,ダイナミックな特性になると信号の効果も考えなければならない.データの個数は時には数十,数百にもなる.データの個数が60個でも,その2次形式の行列の要素数は3600となって,60×60の行列の階数を求めたり,行列間の直交性を確認することは数学的な一般論からはほとんど不可能な作業である.
分散分析の計算法は,わずかの計算上の規則を覚え,それを利用することで間に合うのである.そのためには,分散分析の計算上のルールを理解し,演習を通してそれらを利用できるようになることが望ましいのである.分散分析の計算法自体は古いもので,米国などの実験計画法の本にも解説されている.しかし,米国の文献では,分散分析は仮説検定のためのもので,ここに述べている誤差分散を求める目的ではない.計算上のルールのみが同じだといっているのである.
しぼらくは,分散分析のルールとその応用を述べることにする.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2591K) -
被削性に及ぼす工具の影響古川 浩, 笠松 勇1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 771-777
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーThe machinability of high speed fine cutting-off method is experimentally investigated especially about the cutting temperature distribution of circular saw and the tool life. The following results are derived: (1) In the early stage of the service, the wear of blade edge makes steady progress, however, it does not decrease the machinability and the condition of blade edge go on with the stable state. (2) The radial rake angle and the back clearance angle of saw blade do not have much effects on the machinability due to the very small depth of cut. (3) There is a lower limited feed force under which cutting is impossible. (4) The increase of number of simultaneous cutting blade improves cutting efficiency, therefore it is profitable to use a small circular pitch. (5) The cutting temperature is lower than that in cutting-off grinding wheel. The temperature distribution of the circular saw are solved by the finite element method. The temperature at the position of dedendum from the blade edge drops to half of that at blade edges. (6) Both the depth of hardened layer and degenerated layer under the cut surface are shallow. (7) Roughness of cut surface by the circular saw is as smooth as one by a cutting-off grinding wheel.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (7513K) -
クラッシングの目直し効果について松井 正己, 田牧 純一1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 778-783
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーThe crushing mechanism is investigated experimentally by measuring crushing force, crush roll actual infeed, surface topography and roundness of grinding wheel, and finished surface roughness. Experiments are carried out by using cylindrical grinding machine and by driving crush roll with workpiece spindle. Results are as follows: (1) In crushing operation, two states exist, one is transient state in which only dressing effect appears and a reduction in grinding wheel diameter caused by bond and grain fractures does not occur, and another is stable state in which grinding wheel is crushed with the crush roll infeed rate set up. The transient crushing is caused by an elastic behaviour between crush roll and grinding wheel, and the stable crushing start time can be derived theoretically. (2) In stable crushing, cutting edge shape becomes sharper than that of grinding wheel dressed by diamond tool, and the positional distribution pattern takes uniform one. The distribution density decreases rapidly with an increase in crush roll infeed Δ per one revolution of grinding wheel, although the decreasing rate is limited by Δ. (3) Crushing out contributes to the improvement in grinding wheel roundness and surface topography, and the degree of improvement depends on Δ.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (928K) -
新井 実, 中山 一雄, 塚田 康夫, 加賀美 信明1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 784-789
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーThis paper presents a new method for the monitoring of chip flow using the radiation thermometer. The principle of the monitoring is as follows: Newly born chips in usual metal cutting are at the temperature over 600 K and radiate infrared rays. When such chips run out of cutting point quickly, the radiation from the zone around the tool is low compared with the case when long tangled chips are staying around the tool. So, the difference in the mode of chip flow can be detected from the output of the thermometer when its range of view is properly settled. In turning operations, the conditions of monitoring for the best discrimination of the mode of chip flow are investigated experimentally. This monitoring method has the following merits: (1) The mode of chip flow can be monitored from a remote point without direct contact. (2) By using the revolving mirror, one radiation thermometer can watch many cutting points. (3) Accordingly, this method is suitable to the unmanned machining system.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2603K) -
粘弾性モデルとその特性の検討安味 貞正, 益子 正巳, 帯川 利之, 白樫 高洋, 臼井 英治1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 790-795
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーA constitutive equation of polymer under three-axial stress state is discussed and the constants of the visco-elastic model are next obtained from uniaxial tests. The main results obtained are summarised as follows: (1) A visco-elastic behavior of polymer under multi-axial stress state may be expressed by a simple three elements solid model, and that is verified by the experiments on PVC resin. (2) The constitutive equation for the visco-elastic behavior is introduced based on the model and their characteristic constants are also determined through the uniaxial tests. (3) The values of the constants of PVC resin are practically measured and verified by the experiments.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (919K) -
小鍛治 繁1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 796-801
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーA multi-microprocessor system (N-1) has been developed for machinery control. It is composed of 64 microprocessor units and an inter-processor communication system. Main objectives of N-1 are (1) to realize clear software structure by using dedicated processors for independent functions, (2) to make it possible to execute complicated tasks in real time by means of parallel processing capability and (3) to realize high reliability through redundant configuration. N-1 is connected with a manipulator which has six joints in order to investigate its performance. Parallel software for manipulator control and fault tolerant processing are developed and implemented on N-1. It is confirmed by experiments and analysis that N-1 has enough processing capability and flexibility to realize the main objectives.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3535K) -
奥田 敏1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 802-808
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーThis paper is concerned with the computer-oriented mesh generator, called TRMESH, which serves as the pre-processor in finite element method. The purpose of the present investigation is to describe a new algorithm, which is satisfied with the requirements of triangular mesh generation as follows: (1) The algorithm subdivides the problem domain into several regions and controls mesh size in any sub-regions. (2) The algorithm generates the elements in multiply connected domains. (3) The element is close to equilateral triangle in form. (4) The program renumbers the nodes so that the matrix bandwidth is reduced and finally generate the node number, its coordinates, the element number as input data for the finite element analysis. It is shown that the program TRMESH can produce well-shaped elements in the planar domain and that the process of triangulation is very simple. The method described herein is illustrated by the typical examples. Computer graphics techniques are used to facillitate data preparation and to display the results.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5046K) -
概念空間のコンパクト化冨山 哲男, 吉川 弘之1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 809-815
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2010/02/16
ジャーナル フリーThis paper deals with an extension of General Design Theory. Some theorems are deduced from a hypothesis that states compactification of the entity concept space by topology of physical laws, and this entity concept space is called real knowledge. In the real knowledge, design solutions are obtained as cluster points, and it is possible to get a partial sequence that converges to one of the cluster points. But this result does not necessarily guarantee the convergence of the design specifications to the design solution. In order to discuss convergence policies in the real knowledge, metamodel concept space is defined as a subset of the attribute concept space. Detailization of a metamodel gives an entity which is considered to be an approximation of the design solution. This design process is called evolution model of metamodels. If the design specifications are written in terms of physical laws, it is possible to get the design solution by detailing the metamodel which is defined as the finite coverings for the design specifications. This study is necessary to establish the concept of future intelligent and integrated CAD systems.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1146K) -
吉澤 徹, 田代 発造, 中川 慎也1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 816-821
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーA technique has been developed for capturing fractional-fringe informations in moiré measurements, by detecting the phase of fringes. Since moiré fringes are produced by superimposing a reference grating on a deformed pattern, fringes move if the reference moves. Then, the varying intensity of fringes received by two electric detectors reveals moiré information on each point of the specimen as the phase difference between these inspection points. Using this principle an improvement in sensitivity was tried successfully in various moiré applications.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5500K) -
山崎 和雄, 鈴木 裕, 三輪 松幸, 森山 彰1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 822-828
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2010/02/16
ジャーナル フリーThe objective of this study is to establish the effective methodology for microprocessor-applied control system development. This paper presents the consistent design, fabrication and verification procedure which has been used in the particular development project for special purpose grinding machine control. In this development, the dmgital control scheme for the ultra low speed feedrate of 5 μm/min has been established. The results obtained in this study proved the practical feasibility of the methodology proposed in the previous paper entitled "A Methodology of Microcomputer System Development for Machine Control Application".抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1155K) -
加藤 敬, 横山 豊1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 829-834
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーThis paper describes a handy measuring method of perpendicularity. The method applies two precise steel balls of which the diameters are slightly different, and uses a differential transformer with the stylus having neutral point. One smaller ball is fixed on the base plate and another larger ball is held perpendicularly above the smaller ball. The object to be measured traverses on the base plate toward the smaller ball and contacts with it. The larger ball is slightly displaced, then the perpendicularity is obtained from this displaced quantity. The main points of this method are as follows: (1) The measuring time per an object is short (20-30 s). (2) The accuracy is comparably equal to the other measuring methods (3-4 μm). Therfore the method will be suitable for perpendicular measurement of precise mechanical parts in mass production system when the form deviations of the plane are known.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (6242K) -
深谷 次助, 佐々木 彰1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 835-840
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーA new, simple turning-surface roughness measuring method by Fraunhofer diffraction of a slit aperture is investigated. The zeroth order Fraunhofer diffraction light intensity of a slit aperture formed between a test object and a reference knife edge varies as the square of the slit half width a. The square-root value of the detected light intensity signal is proportional to the slit half width change caused by the test object surface roughness. The measurement method does not require the higher order diffraction patterns. The nonlinearity of measurement results caused by the Gaussian laser beam is discussed by a numerical analysis, and is negligible under the experimental condition of a beam radius w > 6a and a relative observation aperture ha < 0.2. Measurements are carried out several turning-surfaces. The typical turning-surface roughness by employing our method are compared with the experimental results using a Talysurf-4, and the results of two experimental methods almost agree. The turning-surface roughness (Rmax = 0.8-13 μm) is measured by employing our method.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1112K) -
ステップ型パッドを用いた場合の検討原田 正躬, 須田 稔, 宮地 隆太郎1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 841-847
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーThis paper concerned with the improvement of the load capacity of the hydrostatic journal bearing. The hydrostatic journal bearing with a stepped slider in the recess is proposed. An analytical approximate solution of the Reynolds equation applied to the slider is presented. Using this solution the characteristics of the hybrid bearing are calculated, and measurements on the oil film pressure load carrying capacity, locus of the journal center, friction torque and oil film temperature are carried out. The calculated results are agree well with the experimental one, and the following results can be obtained. (1) The stepped slider added in the recess is effective to the improvement of the load capacity of the hydrostatic journal bearing and the effect is remarkable in the region of high speed or large eccentricity ratio. (2) The difference between lubricant temperature in the recess and on the stepped slider is very smaller than the temperature rise in the recess. (3) In case of small eccentricity ratio, the hydrodynamic pressure on the slider slightly affects the friction torque, and the simplified analysis neglecting the influence of the hydrodynamic pressure is agree well with the experimental data.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3292K) -
3自由度制御直動システム青山 尚之, 下河辺 明1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 848-854
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーA machine slide has five degrees of freedom, two of translation and three of rotation, when it moves along a guideway. Corresponding to these, there are five kinds of straight motion errors, those are the errors of the vertical and horizontal positions and those of the pitch, roll and yaw angles. In the system, a steel block is floated by some air pads. The block and pads are mounted on a conventional mechanical sliding table. The straight motion errors of the block are detected by some optical and electronic devices and then the block is controlled in its positions and angles by changing the supply pressure to the air pads. Thus only the block moves straightly. In this report, three degrees of freedom, i. e. the vertical position, pitch and roll angles, of the block are controlled. The working length of the system is 600 mm. The error of the vertical position against the straight edge is less than 0.05 μm and changes of the pitch and roll angles are less than 0.2 sec of arc.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1013K) -
シリンダカバー締結体の強度設計萩原 正弥, 佐藤 剛, 吉本 勇1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 855-860
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2009/06/30
ジャーナル フリーThis study aims at the development of the strength design system of bolted joints applicable to the general cases. Cylinder-cover-bolted joint is selected as an example of the multi-bolted joints. Principally, the relationship between load and the stress on the bolt is analyzed. In this analysis, the cylinder-cover-bolted joint is divided into the basic elements such as disk, cylinder and beam. The stress on the bolt is calculated from the compatibility equations on the displacements of each element. The axial stress on the bolt is measured by strain gages to verify the results from analysis for the cylinder-cover-bolted joint in various geometry. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) A method to analyze the stress on the bolt in the cylinder-cover-bolted joint is proposed. (2) The results by the above-mentioned analysis are compared with the experimental results, and analytical results show good agreement with the experi-mental results.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2727K) -
山本 健太郎, 岩崎 晶彦, 宮城 善一, 岩崎 岑子, 原 七男1985 年 51 巻 4 号 p. 861-865
発行日: 1985/04/05
公開日: 2010/02/16
ジャーナル フリーThe permeability test is standardized by JIS P 8117 Testing Method for Air Permeability of Paper and Paperboard, in which the permeability is provided by Gurley's permeability TG in second, which is the elapsed time necessary for air of definite volume to permeate through definite area of paper under definite pressure differential. The measuring range of TG is prescribed between 2 and 1800 s. The method is time consuming and inefficient at the practical testing, because at least the elapsed time of TG is necessary at the test. In order to indicate TG value in a moment a new permeability tester is developed, the principle of which is similar to that of a pneumatic micrometer of back-pressure type. Assuming that flow rate of air through paper is proportional to pressure differential, working principle of the test is analysed, and a method of graduation of Gurley's permeability TG on a water column manometer is derived theoretically. And the error evaluation of the tester becomes possible. The relative error of TG due to measuring error of the manometer can be limited within 1% by giving suitable design constants at the design of the tester. The assumption of flow rate through paper is confirmed by a special operation of the tester.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (778K)
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