In the present paper the stability of factor VIII in various conditions of pH, time and temperature are investigated. For collection of samples of blood, sodium citrate, acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD), citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD), sodium oxalate and sodium ethylene-diamin-etetra-acetate (EDTA) were used as anticoagulants.
The stability of factor VIII in plasma are in the following order, EDTA, oxalate, ACD, CPD and citrate plasma.
On the pH dependency of factor VIII, the stable range of factor VIII are characterized by a narrow optimum range from pH 6.25 to pH 7.75 in citrate plasma, from pH 6.75 to pH 7.50 in ACD and CPD plasma, from pH 6.25 to pH 7.25 in oxalate plasma and from pH 7.00 to pH 7.50 in EDTA plasma.
On the time dependency, the types of inactivation cf factor VIII seems to be divided roughly into three types, namely L, linear and S type. Each type appears to be characteristic of basic, neutral and acid range in plasma respectively. The factors affecting these conditions could be as follows; activation of factor VIII and following inactivation of factor VIII by thrombin and stabilization of factor VIII by calcium ion. And it is satisfactory to consider that these factors vary with pH.
On the temperature dependency of factor VIII in citrate plasma, the types of inactivation of factor VIII show all S type in each temperature of 5°C, 27°C and 37°C, and the initial gradients are larger in the order of 5°C, 27°C and 37°C, but in the final gradients such findings are not observed.

抄録全体を表示

To perform operation safely without transfusion, it is indispensable to use the effective plasma expander, which substitutes the blood loss in order to maintain sufficient total blood volume (TBV).
It is one of the most accurate methods to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the plasma expander to determine its plasma expanding effect to administer in non-blood transfusion operation. In this attempt it is possible to investigate its toxic effect in vivo as well.
The clinical effectiveness and security of HES, new plasma expander, are evaluated by this approach and the following results have been obtained.
1) Thirty seven cases of non-blood transfusion operation of surgery were examined, in which the volume of blood loss were 200 to 1705ml. with an average of 624ml. To these cases HES were administered 500 to 2000ml. with an average of 934ml. which was equivalent to 1-1/2 times of lost blood. In addition the electrolytes solution of 6.7ml. per kg. body weight per hour in average was also used simultaneously.
2) The plasma expanding effect of HES was measured with determining TBV immediately after operations. With the use of HES, the decreasing rate of TBV was only 3.6%, which shows HES is more effective to maintain TBV as compared to other plasma expander, i. e. modified gelatin, 6.5%; Dextran 40, 6.4%; Dextran 70, 5.7%; PVP, 7.2%.
3). The plasma volume (PV) was increased in 5.0% in average, and this increase was more markedly observed in the cases of abundant blood loss, i. e. 20.5% of increase in the cases of more than 1600ml. of blood loss, which shows HES is also effective to maintain the PV.
4) In regard to the renal function HES seemed to be less toxic, for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) alters from 85.8ml. a min. preoperatively to 102.1, 96.1 and 96.3ml. a min, in average on the 2nd, 7th and 14th postoperative day respectively. No disturbance with liver function, plasma protein and serum electrolytes was recognized.
5) Seven cases are revealed to have normal hematology, liver function, urinalysis and GFR one year after the administration of HES.
In conclusion HES is effective and safe plasma expander as expected.

抄録全体を表示

It has been well accepted concept that hepatitis virus loses its infectivity through Cohn's ethanol fractionation, especially by the pasteurization process at 60°C for 10 hours. There has existed, accordingly, no doubt about the safety of Albumin, Heat-treated Plasma Protein Solution as well, from hepatitis hazard. This report concerns the HA-Antigen and its elmination along the time-elapse of the heat-treating (60°C) by means of cross-immune electrophoresis technique in order to confirm above mentioned concept.
With cassette immuno-electrophoresis set-IRC, holed agar-gel plates and 100 volt-8mm Amp. -constant currency through barbital buffer (pH 8.6 Γ/2 0.05), precipitation lines were examined after 50 minutes electrophoresis.
Four in 7 plasma samples of HAA (+) lost precipitinogen after heating of 8 hours at 60°C. In the other 3 plasma samples, the reaction remained visible until 10 hours' heating, but the reaction was remarkably weakened after 6 hours heating and showed strongly changed and irregular shape.
It is concluded, therefore, that HA-Antigen loses its original antigenicity by the heating process as mentioned above.

抄録全体を表示