The authors have found out the anti-P₁+P+P^k antibodies in the serum of a patient who was given two times a small quantity of blood transfusion each. The antibodies consisted of complete and incomplete hemagglutinins and hemolysin. The blood groups and types of the patient were A, MNSs, CcDEe (Rh₁ Rh₂), kk, Fy (a+b-), Jk (a+b+), p (Tj [a-]), Le (a-). (Moreover the red blood cells of the patient had no P^k antigen.) The hemolysin was disappeared after 4 months odd since the first blood transfusion, but the agglutinins were not disappeared. (The incomplete agglutinin titre was on slight increase for a time after the transfusions.) The agglutininating antibodies not only was eluated in Ig G fraction, but also eluated in Ig A and Ig M fractions by DEAE-cellulose chromatography.
The patient had a successful surgical operation without blood transfusion after recovery of anemia because there was no compatible blood donor in any patient kin and anyone of other volunteer in Hiroshima Prefecture. The agglutinating antibodies were reaffirmed by Dr. M. Yokoyama (Kuakini Research Institute, Honolulu, U. S. A.).

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On the preparation of cryoprecipitate, the following conditions were considered as main factors for the good yield of factor VIII.
1. Temperature during the centrifugation of thawed plasma: The thawed plasma should be centrifuged at low temperature nearthe freezing point of plasma.
2. Temperature for freezing: The plasma should be frozen as quickly as possible at low temperature.
3. Condition of thawing: The plasma should be thawed slowly at low temperature in the ice box.
4. Period of the preservation of separated plasma: The plasma should be frozen as fast as possible after the separation from the blood cells.
5. Period of the preservation of frozen plasma in the freezer: The frozen plasma should not be left alone for a long time and it is recommended for the plasma to be thawed within four days.
6. PH range of plasma: PH of the plasma should be adapted from pH 7.25 to pH 6.75. The temperature during centrifugation for the separation of plasma was considered to affect a little on the yield of factor VIII and the temperature during preservation of frozen plasma not to affect very much on that, if temperature is under -20°C.

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Total 79 cases of hospitalized patients in Surgical Department of National Sendai Hospital who received 2 to 23 units (1 unit=200ml) of blood from healthy volunteers before and after the operation through the period from December 1970 to May 1971 were thoroughly examined for their liver functions as well as the presence of Australia (Au) antigen and antibody. Some 70% of patients studied here were more than 50 years old and under the diagnosis of intestinal cancer. For the detection of Au antigen, immunoelectrosyneresis (IEOS) and for that of Au antibody, most sensitive passive hemagglutination (PHA) test were employed.
Obtained results can be summarized as follows:
1) Eighteen cases in total received transfusion of one or two units of Au antigen positive blood. Eight out of 18 (44.4%) developed antigenemia and another 7 out of 18 revealed antibody response. Thus 15 cases out of 18 responded in some way to the transfused Au antigen.
2) When the blood judged to be Au antigen negative by means of IEOS was transfused to 61 cases, 21 out of 61 (34.4%) showed antibody response to Au antigen. Such an antibody response was more evident among patients of older age and was first noticed in this study. It might be a booster effect of transfused antigen, even undetectible in IEOS.
3) During this survey, 8 cases out of 79 (10.1%) developed hepatitis, on the basis of laboratory findings. Six such cases out of 8 received Au negative sera. Two out of 6 were hepatitis of short incubation period accompanying jaundice and their highest titer in T. T. T. was 4.9 and 8.3, respectively.
4) Among 61 patients receiving Au negative blood, hepatitis incidence was only 1 out of 21 patients who developed Au antibody after-wards (4.8%). This ratio was contrasted with the hepatitis incidence of 5 out of 40 (12.5%), who did not develope antibody. The former group was considered to be in immune state to hepatitis agent.

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