To investigate the influence of apheresis on lymphocyte subsets, we compared lymphocyte subsets of repeated apheresis donors (RADs) with those of nondonor controls (NDCs).
Males were divided into three age groups; group A (age range 19-34 years, RADs; n=19, 30±11 donations/2y, NDCs; n=16), group B (35-54 years, RADs; n=16, 32±10 donations/2y, NDCs; n=20) and group C (55-67 years, RADs; n=14, 32±8 donations/2y, NDCs; n=8). Females were divided into two age groups; group D (19-34 years, RADs; n=14, 23±8 donations/2y, NDCs; n=18) and group E (35-62 years, RADs; n=12, 22±11 donations/2y, NDCs; n=7). In lymphocyte subsets, CD3⁺ T cells, CD4⁺ cells, CD8⁺ cells, CD19⁺ B cells and CD56⁺ CD3^- natural killer (NK) cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and the CD4/CD8 ratio was calculated. The total white blood cell count (TWBC) and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) were determined using an automatic cell counter. The data of RADs were compared to those of NDCs in each group.
In groups A, B and D, there were no significant differences in the percentages of lymphocyte subsets, or in ALCs or TWBCs. In group C, the percentage and absolute numbers of CD4⁺ (RADs; 39.2±7.3%, NDCs; 47.3±4.1%, p<0.01, RADs; 684±185/μl, NDCs; 898±256/μl, p<0.05) and CD4/CD8 ratio (RADs; 1.65±0.74, NDCs; 2.28±0.37, p<0.05) were significantly decreased in RADs. In group D, the percentage and the absolute numbers of CD3⁺ T cells (RADs; 68.5±5.9%, NDCs; 73.9±5.0%, p<0.02, RADs; 1, 162±259/μl, NDCs; 1, 372±273/μl, p<0.05) were significantly decreased in RADs. However, these findings indicate that repeated apheresis did not seriously affect lymphocyte subsets of RADs, since both the percentages and absolute numbers of lymphocyte subsets in RADs were within normal ranges.

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Platelets change from a discoid to a spherical shape during storage or on activation. Discoid platelets show higher transmittance in the flow state than at rest, but spherical platelets do not. We developed a method for evaluation of platelet shape from the transmittance of PRP using this property. A switch for disconnecting the electrical signal to the recorder and speed controller was attached to the platelet aggregometer, such that it was able to determine the transmittance of PRP at desired stirring rates. Transmittance showed maximum increase at the speed of 800rpm. The content of spherical platelets was expressed by the extinction ratio (E₈/E₀) of PRP based on light-scattering theory. Extinction was linearly proportional to the concentration of platelets below 3×10⁸/ml. E₈/E₀ values correlated with the percentage of spherical platelets but were independent of platelet count and extinction of PRP. Fresh PC had an E₈/E₀ value of 0.81±0.02, with this value of increasing gradually with storage time at 22°C with agitation. These findings demonstrated that it is possible to estimate the shape of platelets with a standard aggregometer by determining the transmittance of PRP at rest and flow.

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We sent out questionnaires to 906 hospitals with more than 100 beds in the Tokyo Metropolitan area (Tokyo, Kanagawa, Saitama and Chiba), Yamanashi, Nagano and Niigata Prefectures to investigate the hospital blood donations from 1994 to 1995, in particular whether blood donors were asked for their histories and whether they were informed of the results of testing after donation. Blood collection was performed in 79 of the 478 (17%) hospitals that replied representing 7, 186 prospective donors. Donors were asked about their histories at 67 of the 79 (84%) hospitals, and only 15 of the 67 (19%) hospitals positively questioned the donors if they had risk behavior for HIV infection in its window period. 55 of the 67 hospitals tested donor blood for HIV and HTLV-I, with 3 of all prospective donors (at least 42 of 100, 000 donors) positive for HIV confirmatory tests. To exclude unsuitable donors from donating blood, it is imperative that both interviews with donors and blood donor screening tests be consistent. Notification of HIV antibody-positive results to donors was carried out in only 50% of the hospitals. Although Japanese Red Cross Blood Centers do not currently officially inform positive results of HIV antibody tests to donors, this policy should be reconsidered on the basis of avoidance of donation for HIV testing by education and enlightenment, as well as the prevention of secondary HIV infection from positive donors.

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The frequency of irregular antibody appearance in recipients over 10 years at Kyushu University Hospital was investigated. The total number of recipients was 10, 458 (male: 5, 449, female: 5, 009), in 197 (1.88%) of whom antibody was detected by the anti-globulin test or low ionic strength solution method. The irregular antibody-positive rate (IAPR) was clearly higher in females (2.28%) than in males (1.52%). This difference in IAPR was more clearly apparant in the presence of a history of transfusion or pregnancy. IAPR in immunized patients (3.88%) was about 4 times higher than in those without immunization (0.80%). Further the specificity of irregular antibodies in these two patients groups were different. Autoantibodies and Le-associated antibodies were dominant in those without immunization (Ca. 90%). In contrast, Rh-group antibodies were dominant in immunised patients, with anti-E the most common (56%). These findings indicate the importance of confirming transfusion and pregnancy histories before transfusion and suggest the necessity of matching E at red cell transfusion to prevent the production of anti-E antibodies, as has already occurred with D.

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