The major object of the pulmonary function teste as preoperative examination in the pulmonary surgery is to valuate the pulmonary functional reserve, in particular, functional reserve of the pulmonary vascular bed and of ventilation.
The authers think it most useful to measure % vital capacity and timed vital capacity, to conduct bronchospirometry and unilateral pulmonary artery occulsion for testing pulmonary function as screening tests for surgery-indication of far-advanced pulmonary tuberculosis and consider it most reasonable to obtain the rate of the maximum expiratian for 3/4 second in the timed vital capacity measurement.
It is usually considered that the pulmonary functional reseve is two times as much as the work of the lung at rest on the ground that, for one thing, as hemodinamic studies show, no change can be witnessed in exercise test of pulmonary arterial pressure until cardiac output reaches tribble its amout at rest, and, on the other, as is commonly known through clinical experiences, post-operative, cardiopulmonary emergency is apt to happen when % vital capacity lowered to about 30.
In the circumstances, it can be said that no operation would be impossible, if a functionally intact portion of lung be preserved by approximately 30%, but, practically speaking,35% of the % vital capacity is the minimum that is required for the social life of the patient.

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In an attempt to study the mode of cancer spreading to extravascular fluid paths in rabbits the following experiments were performed.
1. A suspension of Brown-Pearce cancer cells was injected into the testis and muscles. Each rabbit was sacrificed 2 to 4 weeks after injection, for histological study. Cancer depowere observed in the macula cribriformis of the diaphragm and in the fatty tissues around internal mammary lymphatics. These cancer deposits showed a slight gradual increase in number. These findings seems to support a view that cancer spreads through extravascular fluid paths.
2. Rabbits which were inoculated intraabdominally with a suspension of Brown-Pearce cancer cells were exsanguinated (10/kg.3 times, at 2 day intervals). They all demonstrated a tumor cell infiltration at the diaphragm, and the adipose tissues around internal mammary lymphatics, as well in the lungs and the liver. The tumor cell infiltration was observed in metastatic foci with corresponding histolgical changes. Exsanguinated rabbits were more easily metastasized than non exsanguinated ones.

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Pulse wave records were made of cases with infantile orthostatic dysregulation on a standing test based upon the O. D. diagnostic standard and with a newly devised electric capacito-plethysmography. The cases observed consisted of 19 out-patients with suggested O. D. on history,5 convalescent in-patients with over a week's bed rest, and 3 out-patients showing marked O. D. liks symptoms. The above 19 member group was injected with Efforil to have the patients' vascular reactions observed. The results obtained were as follows:
(1) Of the O. D. symptoms d (fatigue or easy fatigability) which belongs to a minor symptom category, occupied the highest, being found in about 50%, of the patients.
(2) About 60% of the out-patients were reconfirmed as genuine O. D.. About 40% of these genuine cases were confirmed O. D. positive additionally on a standing-test basis; about less than half the convalescent patiets were O. D. positive.
(3) Of the results of the O. D. standing-test narrowness of pulse pressure was the most conspicuous occupying about 60% of the out-patients and 90% of the in-patients, followed by an increase in pulse rate. An increase in systolic blood pressure and changes in E. C. G. findings were observed in a small number of the cases.
(4) Of the changes in pulse waves, those of the wave height were most marked. About half the cases showed a decrease of the height of over 50%, associated with a narrowness of pulse pressure of over 21mmHG. Changes in e elevation and f elevation were not so marked. It was noticeable that following intravenous injection of Effortil considerable changes in e-elevation were observed.
(5) As effects of Effortil on the circulatory system, there developed an increase in systolic pressure following standing, a marked increase in pulse pressure and a trend of a marked increase in pulse rate.
(6) Observations of pulse waves revealed that following administration of Effortil there developed an increse in cardiac ont-put which was certained by a marked increase in eelevation which was caused by the Effortil administered.

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Ich implantierte homoeoplastisch in die Bauchdotter der Larven von Bufo vulgaris, die in 21. und 22. Entwicklungsstufe sind, die Bezirkgewebesstucke des Gehirn und der Kopfseite des Ruckenmarkes von der Larve, die in 21. Entwicklungsstufe ist.
Fruher versuchte und erfanden HOLTFRETER, YAMADA und MATSUDA die Ursache der Bezirkdifferenz von Induktor.
(1) Auf jedem Fall differenzieren sich die Gewebesstucke der zwei Bezirke herkunftsgemass, der eine von ihnen (der Bezirkgewebesstück des Gehirns) kommt nämlich die Differenzierung des Gehirns, Kopfganglion, Augenblase, Schädelknorpel und Kopfmuskel hervor, der andere (der Bezirkesstück des Rückenmarkes) und bringt die Differenzierung des Rückenmarks, Rückenmarkganglions, Chordas, und Myotomes hervor, aber seltsam kommt die Differenzierung der Urnierenkanälchen vor.
(2) Wenn diese Differenzierung früher hervorkommt, so wird sie von 5. Tag nach Implantierung der Gewebesstücke, immer deutlicher, und dann erfolgt die Differenzierung erstens im Muskel, zweitens im Augenblase, im Kopfganglion, die in den Gehirnbezirkesstücke sind, und im Ruckenmarkganglion die in den Ruckenmarkbezirkesstucke sind.
(3) Gemäss dem implantierten Gewebe wird die verschiedene Induktion bei der Epidermis des Wirts veranlasst, mithin wird Linse durch Augenblase von Gehirnbezirkesstück hervorruft, Gehörblase durch Gehorganglion, und Sinnesknospe der Epidermis durch andere Kopfganglion oder Rückenmarkganglion der Rückemarkbezirkesstucke.
(4) Diese Tatsache zeigt, dass solcher Induktor beim normalen Zustand der Epidermis von Wirt nur dem an eigentliche Stelle liegenden Organe die Veranlassung gibt, und dass der eine von wichtige Komponente des eigentlichen Organes den Induktor und der andere Reaktionsmaterial bildet.
(5) Wenngleich die implantierte Stelle nicht an der Höhe order in der Mähe des eigentlichen Organes ist, gibt die Veranlassung. Also zeigt diese Tatsache, dass die Fähigkeit des Reaktionsmaterial weitläufig und somit auch das Kopfepidermis äquipotentiell ist.
(6) Auf jedem Fall sieht man immer die direkte oder indirekte fibrinöse Verbindung zwischen dem Induktor und induktiertem Gebilde. Aber die Verbindung zwischen diesem Gebilde und Myotome befindet sich nicht.
(7) Es ist sehr interessant, dass bei der Implantation des Gehirnbezirkesstückchen oft die Gehirnwand mit dem Dickdarmwand oder dem Epidermis des Wirts sich verbindet, und dass doch auch im Wirt die Dickdarmwand mit Ektoderm communitiert.

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In an attempt to determine serum and liver lipid fractions, thioctic acid (TA) and tri-phenyl-ethanol derivatives (TPE) were administered to an experimental fatty liver in rats due to CCl4, and thioctamide(TAM), TPE, orotic acid(OtA)and pangamic acid(PgA)were administered to an experimental fatty liver in rabitts. The results obtained were as follows:
1. Following the administration of TA and TPE to the CCl4 fatty liver the TA administered group showed a more decrease of total cholesterol, ester cholesterol, total fatty acid and total fat in liver lipid fractions, than the TPE group, But the TPE administered group showed a more decrease of neutoral fat and a more increase of lecithin in phospholipid than the TA administered group.
2. Following the administration of TAM, OtA, TPE and PgA to the cholesterol fatty liver, the highest decrease of liver lipid fractions was observed in total cholesterol and ester cholesterol in the OtA administered group, followed by the PgA, TPE administered groups in order; of total fatty acid in the TPE administered group, followed by the PgA, OtA and TAM administered groups in order, of total fat in the TPE administered group followed by the PgA, OtA and TAM administered groups in order. An increase in lecithin in phospholipid was the highest in the TPE administered group followed by the PgA, TAM and OtA administered groups in order; a decrease in cephalin was the highest in the TAM administered group followed by the OtA PgA and TPE administered groups in order; sphingomyelin showed an increase in the OtA and the PgA administered groups but decrea sed in the TAM and TPE administered groups.
3. Following the administration of TAM, TPE, OtA and PgA to the cholesterol fatty liver, total cholesterol in serum lipid fractions showed the highest decrease in the TPE administered groups, followed by the OtA, TAM and PgA administered groups in order; of ester cholesterolin the TPE administered group, followed by the TAM, OtA and PgA adminis tered groups in order; of total fatty acid in the OtA administered group followed by the TPE, TAM and PgA administered groups in order; of neutral fat in the OtA administeredgroup followed by the TPE, PgA and TAM administered groups; of total fat in the TPE administered group followed by the OtA, TAM and PgA administered groups in order An increase of lecithin in phospholipid was the highest in the TAM administered group, followed by the OtA, TPE and PgA administered groups in order. cephalin showed no changes in the OtA administered group, but it was most decreased in the TPE administered group, followed by the TAM and PgA administered groups. Sphingomyelin showed no changes in the OtA administered group, but it was decreased in the PgA, TPE and TAM administered groups.
4. On the basis of the result of 1 the TA administered group showed a more favorable lipotropic action against liver lipid fractions in CCl4 fatty liver than the TPE administered group.
5. On the basis of the result of 2, so far as medication efficacy was concerned, the OtA administered group showed a favorable lipotropic action for total cholesterol and its fractions; so did the TPE administered group for neutral fat and total fat. The TPE administered group showed the highest increase in lecithin and a decrease in cephalin.
6. On the basis of the result of 3, it was disclosed that the TPE administered group showed a favorable lipotropic action for cholesterol fractions; so did the OtA administered group it for neutral fat. The TAM administered group showed a marked increase in lecithin and a decrease in cephalin.

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On the presupposition that the patients' spouses would play a predominant role in the developement of psychoneurotic reactions, a follow-up study has been made in 35 married couples from the psychosomatic, sociological and psychological points of view. The results are as follows.
1) Carotid sinus reflex was positive in a greater part of the patients with depressive, neurasthenic and conversion reactions. Besides, the patiants with certain long lasting disorders were appeared leptosomatic in bodily build and intensely reactive on carotid campression, as a rule.
2) The love-match case was more frequent in depression and in conversion hysteria, while less frequent in neurasthenic reactions, than in the other psychoneurotic reactions. In most of the former cases, little disparities of age have usually been noticed between the patients and their sppuses. It may be noted in addition, that many couples have been leading respectively long marital life above ten years, especially in case of conversion and paranoid reactions.
3) As the result of Yatabe-Gilford test, the severe personality disturbances which contribute to the neurotic reactions have usually been found but on the patient's side in anxiety reactions or in obsessive- compulsive reactions, while those disturbances have frequently been ascertained on the both sides of couples in conversion hysteria. In general, the proclivities to moodiness, selfishness, nervousness, aggressiveness and little light-heartedness have been revealed more or less either in the patients or in the spouses.
4) By means of Rorschach test, patient-spouse relationship has been interpreted as follows. In case of anxiety reactions, the patient with an intensive yet unsatisfied desire for love tends to feel his own inner conflicts, and his spouse, favorably objective and perceptive, is confronted with the patient is a certain hostile attitude. In case of conversion reactions, the patient with an impulsiveness is apt to fall ill from the poorness of reality recognition, while his spouse emotionally inhibited, who manifests an excessively smoothened personal relations in appearence, posesses a certain feeling of self distrust at the base.

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The permeability of blood vessels of the connective tissue, omenta and caeca of mice injected intravenously with an India-ink solution made by normal fresh horse serum was studied before and after subcutaneous injection of drugs; Spa, guaiazulene, diphenhydramine and acetylsalic acid. In addition, the protective effects of these drugs on gastric ulcer were examined, using Shay rat.
The results were as follows in summary.
1) Guaiazulene in small doses had marked depressive action on the increased permeability of venules inflamed by horse serum. Spa and diphenhydramine acted similarly to guaiazulene on the walls of venules, but weaker than the latter drug. Acetylsalicylic acid had no significant effect.
2) Guaiazulene, Spa and diphenhydramine exerted protective effects on the gastric ulcer after the subcutaneous administration of large doses of the drugs, but acetylsalicyic acid administered subcutaneously showed slight protective effect in large doses upon the gastric ulcer of rat.

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It seems pretty certain that ictal manifestations of epilepsies are of essential significance. So that, along this line,59 cases of idiopathic epilesies were divided into the following three groups from both clinical and electroencephalographical view-points; namely, grand mal, petit mal and psychomotor groups. Each case of these groups was investigated by means of Rorschach test and Martin's anthropometry.
Rorschach test interpretation: Petit mal group presented nearly normal findings and garnd mal group characteristic scores which hitherto accepted as epileptoid character features, while psychomotor group yielded schizophrenia-like pattern.
Results obtained by Martin's anthropometry: The bodily build in grand mal and petit mal groups was mostly athletic on the one hand and in that psychomotor group tended to be leptosomatic on the other. Developmental retardation in length growth was prominent in dement type or in those with positive Piotrowski's organic signs. On the contrary, tendency to deterioration and apparition of organic signs was slighter in leptosomatic group.

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1. Hypersensitiveness against penicillin was snccessfully acquired upon the mice by means of inoculating a quantity of vital penicillium, its protoplasma or cell polysaccharide into the encephalons of mice.
2. It conld be proved that acquiring hypersensitiveness against peniciellin should also be occurred by inoculating certain amounts of another strain of penicillium which isolated from rice-cake or of Trychyton ruburum isolated from the human nail trychophytia.
3. In this studyp the most remakable acquirment of hypersensitiveness was generally occurred at the 20th day after sensibilization.
4. It could be recognized that the desensitization by PcG was slightly occured upon the mice intraencephalicaly inoculated penicillin, but not a perfect one. This was, however, reinstated in some days after desensitizing treatment, and hypersensitiveness was maintained for considerably long space of time.
5. Unexpecten side effects by the toxicity of penicillin were inhibited by the relaxant for the autonomic nurve or the adrenal cortical hormone, especially, the latter was effective.
6. Penicillinase decomposed penicillin, but is was not expected to prevent penicillin-shock.
7. It was not able to acquire the hypersensitiveness by means of the intraperitoneal sensibilizing technic with the emulsion of mouse brain and the penicillium.

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Twenty-one non-operated cases with pulmonary tuberculosis have been studied after their unilateral pulmonary artery had been temporarily occluded with a ballon catheter.
The results obtained were as follows;
1. Occlusion of the pulmonary artery results in a rise in proximal pulmonary artery pressure. When the non-occluded lung is slightly are not involved, the rise is scarcely observed.
The involvement of 2/3 the non-occluded lung area on roentogenogram is a maximal limit for occlusion for fear of fatality.
The blood pressure distal to occlusion immediately decreases nearly to wedge pressure level, and it shows a change from an arterial to a venous form.
2. Minute ventilation and oxygen consumption show an increase following occlusion. The increase is more marked in Group A in which the pulmonary artery in the morbid lung is occluded than in Group B in which the pulmonary artery in the less morbid other lung. It is to be noted that even the occluded lung shows a slight consumption of oxygen and a slight production of carbon dioxide.
Per cent vital capadity, per cent maximum breathing capacity, timed vital capacity, per one sec. and per cent vital capacity in the contralateral lung measured before occlusion decrease in far advanced cases under a mean pulmonary artery pressure of over 20 mmHg.
3. A slight decrease is observed in arterial oxygen saturation as well as in oxygen content during occlusion. The decrease is more marked in Group B than in Group A. The carbon dioxide content in the arterial blood during occlusion slightly increases.
The distal blood sample during pulmonary artery occlusion has a higher oxygen and lower carbon dioxide content than the systemic arterial blood sample.
A-V oxygen difference, total pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricular work for pressure show an increase during occlusion. The increase is more marked in Group B than Group A. Cardiac index during occlusion increases or decreases depending upon individal cases.
4. Following occlusion the E C G findings have revealed that there occurs each one case of right bundle branch block and incomplete right bundle branch block among the 18 cases studied.
It is suggested that pulmonary artery occlusion results in an increase of work load of the right heart.
5. Unilateral pulmonary artery occlusion test seems to be required in deciding the indication for pulmonary resection especially for pneumonectomy, if the lesion is found in the contralateral lung, total per cent vital capacity is less than 60 % or vital capacity in the contralateral lung is less than 40%.

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Bei den Urodelen oder Anuren, mehrere Experimente, in welchen die uberflussige Extremitat durch die Transplantation von verschiedenen homoio-oder heteroplastischen Organanlagen induziert wurde, zesigten, dass die jungen mesodermalen Seitenplattenmaterialien irgendeine die Extremitatenanlagen bildende Potenz latent halten. Aber wurde eine Verirrung in Bezug auf das Problem vom Induktor, durch eine Tatsache verursacht, dass sogar das inaktive Zelloidinstuckchen ein solcher Induktor sein kann (Balinsky,1927). Es ist deshalb wie immer nicht klar, dass was es erweckt denn. Ist es nichts anders als eine dass Tatsache, dass die Extremitat nur zufallig auf eine bdstimmte Stelle phylogenetisch sich erzeugt?
Dieser Autor hatte durch eine neue Methode auf dem Standpunkt von "Feldwirkung"(Ch. Ogawa,1951) eine Aufklarung gepruft. Ogawa hatte die hinteren Extremitatenanlagen am kunstlich neu hergestellten hinteren Korpereile sich enswickelten gesehen. Dort ist die Stelle, normal keine Extremitat sich zu entwickeln. Er betrachtete. diese Erscheinung als eine Feldwirkung. Er hatte jungere Kaulquappen von Bufe vulgaris, hauptsachlich von Okadaschen Stadium 23 and teilwise auch 25 gebraucht.

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An investigation of blood findings both on maternal venousblood and placental venous blood was performed for 92 Koren new-born infants immediately after the birth.
The results are as follows:
(1) The number of Erythrocyte.
The number of erythrocyte in placental blood markedly increased compared with that of normal adults, and was 4,638,974 on an average.
(2) The number of leucocyte.
The number of leucyte in placental blood markedly increased compared with that of normal adults, and was 13,213 on an average. There was a marked increment of the number of placental leucocyte in proportion to the duration of labor, but there was'nt sexual difference.
(3) Hemoglobin amount.
The hemoglobin amount in placental blood markedly increased compared with that of normal adults, and was 14.8gm% on an average. And there was'nt almost any differences according to the sex, duration of labor and the birth weight of new-born.
(4) The number of normoblast.
The number of normoblast in placental blood against 100 leucocyte was 5.4 on an average, and its ratio of appearance was 94.8%. Its number increased both in premature and huge new-born. And increased in proportion to the duration of labor but there was'int any sexual difference.
(5) The percentages of neutrophil leucocyte and lymphocyte.
The percentage of neutrophil leucocyte in placental blood was conspicuously low compared with that of maternal blood (70.8%), and was 50.4% on an average. The percentage of lymphocyte in placental blood, on the other hand, was higher than that of maternal blood (24.2%), and was 43.1% on an average. There was an inclination that by the increment of the duration of labor, the percentage of neutrophil leucocyte was increased, while that of lymphocyte was decreased,
(6) Monocyte
Average 4.3% in the placental blood of normal mature new-born.
(7) Eosinophil leucocyte.
Average 1.8% in the plceantal blood of normal mature new-born. Its ratio of appearance; 74.3%.
(8) Basophil leucocyte.
Average 0.29% in the placental blood of nomal mature new-born, and its ratio of appearance was 19.4%.

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The pulmonary edema of gestational toxicosis occurs acutely in the latter stage of pregnancy, during childbirth, or during the lying-in period. It is a disease which takes an extremely graue course.2 cases of pregnancy in the 9th month, complicated with this disease, were treated by the authors. Both were women pregnant for the first time, rapidly developing a marked edema in the last stage of pregnancy. A great amount of protein was found in their urine, and they sugered significant anemia and hypopreteinemia. One of the cases showed a rapid rise of blood pressure.
The expectant treatment was applied on them, but it did not bring about a marked improvement in their condition. The Caesarean operation was then carried out on them, and very good results were obtained.
For this disease, the Caesarean operation while maintain-ing the strength of heart is considered an effective method of treatment.

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The patient,61 years of age, was diagnosed as a right ovarian cyst about 31 years ago.
On laparatomy, it was found that the cyst, overman's head in size, was not connected with the uterine body and the pelvic wall but with the omentum and the urinary bladder.
Such a parasitic ovarian cyst is due to autoamputation after torsion of the pedicle of cyst.

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