Two patients of unusually located ductus arteriosus in conjunction with tetralogy of Fallot are presented. First case is a girl, six months old, of a right aortic arch with mirror image branching and a left ductus arteriosus connecting the left pulmonary artery to the left innominate artery. This case is diagnosed by means of angiocardiography during life and confirmed at necropsy. Second case is a girl, one year old, of a left aortic arch with normal branching and a right ductus arteriosus connecting the right pulmonary artery to the base of the innominate artery. In this case, angiocardiographic diagnosis is made, but necropsy is not performed. in these cases, a vascular ring is not formed.
In this report, we discussed the unusually located ductus arteriosus and the malformations of the aortic arch system reviewing in literature and suggested the. surgical problems posed by the unusual location of the ductus arterious.

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The movement of isolated and prepared guinea-pig ilea was observed in respect to changes in rate, amplitude, and tone brought on by the addition of various drugs.
1) Acetylcholine (ACh) at concentrations of 10^-18 to 10^-10 g/ml, induced a remarkable increase in intestinal tone with a subsequent gradual increase in rate and amplitude.
2) Methionine, at concentrations of 10^-7 to 10^-4, had a similar effect.
3) Atropine, at 10^-8 to 10^-6, was antagonistic partly to the effects of methionine and completely to those of ACh. The effect of methionine and ACh were not influenced by Imidalin or hexamethonium.
4) The increase in intestinal tone induced by ACh was augmented by the presence of methionine.
5) Nicotine increased the intestinal tone and then decreased it. The former effect was antagonized by atropine, the latter by Imidalin, and both effects were completely eliminated by hexamethonium. In the presence of methionine, the former effect was augmented and the latter was diminished.
6) DMPP showed an effect similar to that of nicotine.
7) The intestinal tone increased by histamine was decreased by the presence of Benadrin, but was augmented by that of methionine.
8) Adrenaline in concentrations lower than 10^-8 depressed the intestinal movement, but after the wash out of the drug amplitude and rate were increased. But adrenaline at 10-6 induced an increase in intestinal tone and a decrease in rate and amplitude. The latter effect of adrenaline was augmented by the presence of methionine, but both the former and latter effects were lessened by the presence of Imidalin.
9) Isoproterenol in high concentrations decrease the intestinal tone.
The grade of the effect corresponded to that of the drug concentration. The isoproterenol effect was depressed by Imidalin, and was not influenced by methionine. In the presence of isoproterenol, the dual effects of adrenaline above mentioned were augmented, but the effect of ACh was suppressed.
10) Dichloroisoproterenol (DCI) suppressed the intestinal movement and the effect was not influenced by the presence of Imidalin. The tone decreasing effect of adrenaline was lessened by the presence of DCI at 10^-7 to 10^-6, but the tone increasing effect of adrenaline was augmented by DCI.11) Reserpine at 10^-5 to 3×10^-5 gradually suppressed the intestinal movement until the drug arrested it with a decrease in tone. The effect of reserpine remained in the preparation after repeated wash out. In the presence of reserpine, the tone increasing effect of adrenaline, acetylcholine, nicotine, methionine, or histamine was generally decreased.
12) The intestinal preparations from reserpine 1mg/kg pretreated guinea-pigs showed irregularity in movement. The tone increasing effect of adrenaline or histamine was augmented by reserpine pretreatment, but the tone increasing effect of acetylcholine, nicotine, or methionine was suppressed.
The conclusions are: (1) the most important active substance evoking intestinal movement may be an endogenous acetylcholine which may be aided by an endogenous adrenaline and also by methionine. (2) the tone decreasing effect of isoproterenol or adrenaline may be caused by the membrane β-receptor stimulation. (3) reserpine may have a blocking effect on endogenous acetylcholine, catecholamines, or methionine and may thus disturb the physiologic metabolism of these essential substances in the intestinal cells.

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Four S-contained aminoacids (methionine, methyl-methionine, ethyl-methionine, and ethionine) were investigated in respect of their effects on prepared guinea-pig ilea. The results obtained are as follows:
1) Methionine initially induced an increase in intestinal tone and a decrease in amplitude. The increased tone recovered to its original level within 3 to 5 minutes and the amplitude also gradually recovered its original value. Thereafter, the tone, rate, and amplitude increased to a level slightly surpassing their original levels.
2) Methyl-methionine, ethyl-methionine, and ethionine at first induced a decrease in tone, rate, and amplitude, and after 3 to 5 minutes they recovered their original values. Methyl-methionine thereafter gradually increased them to a level slightly surpassing the original values, but ethyl-methionine and ethionine did not do so.
3) In the preparations from reserpinized guinea-pigs, the tone, rate, and amplitude decreasing effects of methyl-methionine were more remarkable than those in the normal preparations.
From these experimental results the following were concluded: the effects of these four agents consisted of diphasic effects, i. e., initial effects followed by subsequent effects. The initial effects may be those of the molecules of the drug and the subsequent effects may be those of the metabolites in the intestinal cells. The molecular effects of methionine and methyl-methionine are quite contrary, but their metabolite effects are qualitatively very similar. The latter effect of methionine is greater than that of methyl-methionine which may be changed to methionine in the intestinal tissue.
In gastric ulcer treatment, methyl-methionine may be used as an agent lacking the initial stimulation on the digestive tract produced by methionine, and its secondary promoting effect on tissue metabolism on the recovery process of gastric tissue damage may be caused by methionine as a metabolite of methyl-methionine.

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Thiola or Benzoylthiola was administered orally in rats and observed in respect of chronic toxicities. The results obtained are as follows:
1) Body weight gain was scarcely influenced by the prolonged administration of Benzoylthiola at 163.8 mg/kg or Thiola at 30 mg/kg orally once a day for 5,14, or 28 weeks,
2) After those administrations of the drugs, hematological and anatomical findings showed no significant pathological change attributable to the drug adninistration.
3) Every histological preparation of each organ of each drug administered rat showed no significant pathological changes assumed to be induced by drug administered, except the liver preparations of rats administered with Benzoylthiola at 163.8mg/kg and with Thiola at 30 mg/kg for 14 or 28 weeks, which showed some slight histological changes.

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Thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD) was investigated on atrial contractions in guinea-pigs in respect to its antiquinidine effect. The results obtained are as follows:
(1) The atrial contractions arrested in the presence of quinidine 3×10^-5 to 5×10^-5 were resumed by the addition of TTFD 10^-4 to 2×10^-4 one half minute to 10 minutes after the addition.
(2) In place of TTFD, thiamine propyldisulfide and thiamine allyldisulfide also showed the antiquinidine effect. This effect of thiamine was very weak, but methylthiamine propyldisulfide, which has an antithiamine effect, showed a remarkable antiquinidine effect.
(3) The depression effect of acetylcholine on atrial contractions and also the depression effect of nicotine appearing in the earlier stage of this same effect were slightly suppressed in the presence of TTFD 5×10^-5 to 10^-4.
(4) The positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effect of TTFD on atrial contractions were scarcely influenced by the presence of cocaine or dichloroisoproterenol.
Our next problem is to see whether the antiquinidine effect of TTFD is related to its S-S combination or to endogenous acetylcholine metabolism. The mechanism of the antiquinidine effect of TTFD will be introduced in a coming report on atrial potassiumion transport by this drug.

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In our previous paper we had reported the antiquinidine effect of thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryldisulfide (TTFD) on atrial contractions in guinea-pigs. In the presented experiments, the effects of TTFD in abnormal inorganic ions milieux were investigated in comparison with the effects of strophanthin-G.
(1) In a high K Locke's solution, the atrial contractions were arrested and were thereafter restored by the addition of TTFD 10^-4 to 2×10^-4(g/ml ) if the arresting concentration of potassium in the solution was at minimum.
(2) The suppression of atrial contractions in K-free Locke's solution was promoted by the addition of TTFD 10^-4, but the arrhythmic contractions in 1/4 K Locke's solution become rhythmic by addition of TTFD 10^-4, though the positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects of TTFD in this solution were weaker than those in a normal Locke's solution.
(3) Strophanthin-G 10^-6 could restore the arrested atrial contractions in a high K Locke's solution. In a low K Locke's solution, strophanthin-G arrested the atrial contractions more quickly than in a normal or high K Locke's solution, though its positive inotropic effect in a low K Locke's solution was more remarkable than in a normal Locke's solution.
(4) The atria in a normal Locke's solution responded normally to adrenaline even after the atria had been kept in a 40% Na Locke's solution for two hours, whereas the atria responded weakly to the drug if they had been kept in a K-free Locke's solution for a half hour. When sodium dialysed atria contract in a normal Locke's solution, the atria are assumed to be immersed in a relatively high Na Locke's solution, despite the difficulty in preparing an sotonic high Na solution for experimental purposes.
(5) The effects of TTFD on atrial contractions both in low and in relatively high Na Locke's solutions were similar to those of TTFD in a normal Locke's solution. The effect df strophanthin-G in a low Na Locke's solution to that of the same drug in a normal Locke's solution, but that of strophanthin-G in a relatively high Na Locke's solution was similar to that of the same drug in a low K Locke's solution.
From these experimental results it is concluded that the antiquinidine effect of TTFD may be attributed to the decrease of potassium influx or the increase of potassium efflux of the atria.

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Synthalin has an effect to lower blood sugar level, but is not so widely in treatment of diabetes mellitus as it has undesirable side effects. Ungar applied clinically phenetyl-biguanide (DBI, ABETAL) to diabetes and reported that it was effective and nontoxic. DBI-TD is a time-disintegrated oral chemotherapic agent to replace insulin therapy and to prevent secondary failure by sulfonylureas.
On five cases of diabetes mellitus treated with DBI-TD we observed blood sugar levels and effects of DBI-TD on glucose tolerance curves in comparison with Tolbutamide. DBI-TD lowered the patient's blood sugar level continuously and as effectively as Tolbutamide. One of five cases (Case No.5) developed acidosis, which was not caused by diabetes but probably by reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide in Warburg-Dickens pathway.

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