The electroencephalographic, findings of 690 patients with closed head injury, whose range extended from a trival scalp contusion without alteration in consciousness to a degree of brain destruction just compatible with life, were studied in this communication from the statistical viewpoint. Particular attention was paid to the eyolution of electroencephalographic findings in 118 patients, in whom the follow-up studies had been able to carry out for more than a year.
1) So far as possible, the effects of intravenously injected β-methyl-ethyl-glutarimide on electroencephalograms of these patients were observed. As a result, β-methylethyl-glutar-imide was found to be more useful to explore some latent abnormalities, particularly to provocate focal signs and localized abnormalities than believed until now. Further, it must be noted that the effective dose to induce apparent abnormalities in post-traumatic cases has been less constant than in normal and epileptic cases.
2) The electroencephalogram was more or less abnormal in 38.8%, of border-line in 28.9% and within normal limit in 32.3% of 690 patients. More than a half of the abnormal electroencephalograms presented some localized abnormalities, of which the percentage was found to roughly correlate to the severity of injury. Electroencephalographic abnormalities which had been discovered within a year after injury were obviously improved in 31.0% while deteriorated in 4.6%.
3) Paroxysmal abnormalities were presented in 38.4% of 690 cases, of whom 11.4%was random spike,23.8% random sharp wave,37.4% irregular spike wave complex and 27.6% high voltage slow waves in burst. The latter two types of paroxysmal abnormalities were frequently built up during or after intravenous application of β-methyl-ethyl-glutar-imide. Moreover, it seemed that the diffuse paroxysmal abnormalities more easily disappeared than the focal cortical ones.
4) As to the basic activities, some of the severely brain-damaged cases presented so-called low voltage electroencephalogram. They could be divided into following two groups; one who showed a transitory and reversible dysfunction of the brain, the other who suggested a permanent and organic destruction of brain tissue.
5) The incidence of post-traumatic epilepsy, one or more fits, in the present series was 6.2% (43 cases) and also correlated to the severity of injury. It seems that certain circumstances are required to develops clinical seizure from paroxymal abnormalities in electroencephalogram.
6) Reffering to prognosis, it is quite sure that the electroencephalographic abnormalities in acute cases are more easily improved than in chronic cases. In general the improvement of electroencephalogram was roughly parallel to that of clinical manifestations in about half of the cases. Nevertheless in 21.6% of patients with subjective symptoms the electroencephalographic findings were markedly improved. This fact may be interpreted that there are not a few cases assuming the character of post-traumatic neurosis.

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The effects of recruiting response upon electrical responses in sensory systems were examined with unanesthetized. rabbits. And furthermore, the differences of functional properties between the nucleus ventralis anterior (VA) and the nucleus centrum medianum (CM) were investigated.
1. Recruiting response induced by either CM or VA stimulation inhibited both primary and secondary responses of afferent evoked potentials to sciatic nerve stimulation.
2. On interaction of recruiting response with arousal reaction, it was found that in some cases recruiting response and arousal reaction inhibited each other to some extent, but in other cases the former inhibited the latter completely or vice versa.3. The inhibitory action of recruiting response upon arousal reaction became more remarkable after the successive intravenous administration of barbiturate and cardiazol with the same doses of 10mg/kg body weight.
4. Histological examinations revealed the three following regions in related thalamic structures, especially in CM.
a) Regions which gave and received inhibitory effect on and from the reticular formation (RF).
b) Regions which exerted inhibition to RF.
c) Regions which received inhibition from RF.
5. In pharmacological examination on the interaction of spike and wave with arousal reaction, it was observed that the facilitation of both spike and wave was related to the suppression of arousal reaction, whereas the inhibition of the former corresponded with the augmentation of the latter.
6. When electrolytic lesions were made in VA, CM-induced recruiting response disappeared without any change in its inhibitory action upon afferent cortical potentials, whereas in the case of CM lesions, the dissociation of inhibitory action of VA-induced recruiting response from its wave form was not found.
7. CM-induced recruiting response and its inhibitory action upon reticular afferent evoked potentials did not show any appreciable change after VA lesions, while both VA-induced recruiting response and the inhibitory action disappeared by CM lesions. These results suggested no dissociation of inhibitory function of recruiting response from its wave form.
8. In unitary recording from RF, some units were found to decrease their frequencies gradually after the successive intravenous administration of barbiturate and cardiazol. The firing rates of other reticular units were also seen to decrease with recruiting response.
From the above-mentioned results it was suggested that recruiting response had an inhibitory action upon sensory systems, and at the same time, the dissociation of inhibitory function of recruiting response from its wave form was clarified.

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The changes in the brain wave and the evoked muscular discharge of a rabbit after a common bile duct ligation were examined and the following results were obtained.
The arousal reaction following a common bile duct ligation, at first, was found to be facilitatory, and then inhibitory, while the evoked muscular discharge of the fore and hind limbs, which was noticed simultaneously, also showed a similar process. The recruiting response likewise was at first facilitatory, and, then, inhibitory. Inhibition, however, seemed to appear earlier than the recruiting response.
The inter-action between arousal reaction and recruiting response was also examined, and it was found that the excitation of the arousal reaction grew strong at first, but became weakened again. Then, in case of lesion of ventralis anterior (VA), the arousal reaction, recruiting response and spike and wave, as compared with that in the case of normal rabbits, all indicated a strong facilitatory influence.
On the other hand, the spontaneous brain wave and spontaneous muscular discharge were seen to have the following relationship that, at first,5-6 c/s wave were mostly observed, when a muscular discharge was found, but, with a lapse of time. the frequency decreased, and, in the case of 3-4 c/s wave, the muscular discharge also was inhibited. It seemed that 4-5 c/s wave appeared first, followed by the appearance of triphasic wave, while, when it did appear, it was believed to be under inhibition.
In the case of 4-5 c/s wave, on the other hand, the muscular discharge was found at times when it ceased to appear simultaneously in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Again, it was difficult to notice a triphasic wave in the case of the lesion of VA.
In the liver function test, involving the icterus index, the total bilirubin and serum transaminase, the findings of an obstructive jaundice were observed.
In the light of these results mentioned above, it was assumed that the disturbance of consciousness seen in liver diseases is invited by the inhibition of the activity of the brain stem reticular formation, while such extrapyramidal symptoms as flapping tremors are produced due to the excitation of such extrapyramidal system as hippocampus.

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A histochemical study was made of ATPase activity in normal and denervated rat anterior tibial muscles with the light- and the electron-microscope.
After denervation, the myofilaments were greatly reduced in. number and Z-lines were slightly bended. The mitochondrial changes could be detected at three weeks following denervation. The sarcolemma, in part was destroyed at the neuromuscular junction. The ATPase activity in normally innervated muscle was detected in a plasma membrane. The ATPase activity in a plasma membrane was found to be reduced less than seven weeksafter denervation. The reduction of ATPase activity in denervated muscle was remarkable at the neuromuscular junction.

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A case,38-year-old female, of idiopathic acquired hemolytic anemia was reported.
The patient was treated with ACTH, betamethason,6MP, blood transfusion and had splenectorny. Before the splenectomy, the response of the patient to those drugs was so transient as to require transfusion of large amount of blood; while, after the splenectomy, the response to betamethason was so improved that the patient's requirement of blood transfusion was markedly reduced, although the trial to discontinue the betamethason administration ended in failure.

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