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Volume 24 (1972)
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Volume 24, Issue Supplement
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Part 2. An Attempt at Immuno-Prophylaxis against Induction of DAB-HepatomaMichihiro Okuhara1972 Volume 24 Issue Supplement Pages S1-S7
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTakeda and Klein demonstrated that tumor cells possess a specific antigen which does not exist in normal cells.
As already discussed in part 1, the problem, whether cross-reactivity among different tumors exists or not, is not yet settled, and hitherto negative results might be due to inadequate methods or techniques. Actually, as shown in part 1, active immunization with Yoshida Sarcoma (YS) cells markedly reduced the carcinogenesis induced by 2mg of 20-methylcholanthrene but could not prevent that induced by 10mg of the same drug, which quantity had perhaps blocked the immune response of the animals.
If there were a cross-reactivity among tumors, it may be possible to control tumor development by previous immunological treatment. In the present experiment, animals were immunized with YS or AH-130 and then their subsequent resistance against DABcarcinogenesis was examined, the object being to see whether a cross-reactivity could be found between the immunizing tumor of long-term-transplantation and the tumor induced by DAB administration.View full abstractDownload PDF (835K) -
Part 3. Effect of Immunosuppressants on the Incidence of DAB-HepatomaMichihiro Okuhara1972 Volume 24 Issue Supplement Pages S8-S20
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe essential nature of neoplastic dis ease is the autonomous proliferation of abnormal cells which continues until the host dies. The presence of cancerous cells should be distinguished from cancerous disease (neoplastic disease) since tumor cells do not always induce neoplastic disease; when Yoshida sarcoma cells are transplanted into rats, they continuously proliferate until the hosts die, but when the same tumor cells are transplanted into mice, they spontaneously regress after transient proliferation. It is well known that the resistance against transplanted Yoshida sarcoma cells in mice is due to immune response, and it is now well understood that cell-host relationship is an important factor determining whether or not a tumor cell will cause a neoplastic disease.View full abstractDownload PDF (2389K) -
Yoshitaka Nakagawa1972 Volume 24 Issue Supplement Pages S21-S42
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTrophotherapy occupies an important position in various cancer treatments, especially in the postoperative course when an early recovery from the operative stress as well as the possible suppressive effects of the diet on cancer recurrence or metastasis is hoped for,
However, only a few reports, those by Tannenbaum, Fisher, Kaji, Yunoki, Shiba, Taguchi and Nakanishi have been published in the field o f cancer genesis, of proliferation or propagation in association with the trophotherapy.
For these several years, we have also been studying the problems in the postoperative nutrition of cancer patients in order to find out an ideal diet which plays two roles at the same time; supplies patients with sufficient nutrients to recover and suppresses the cancer activity.
Yama moto, and other pepers in our clinic in rat experiments have found that a low casein or other low protein diet in their isocaloric experimental foods had a suppressive effect tumor growth, local recurrence and metastasis, They also reported that the rats fed a diet with a protein content of less than 5 % by weight showed continuous decreases in the body weight both in control and postoperative groups, while those fed with diets of 10% more protein showed increases in body weight.
On the other hand, effects of amino-acid imbalanced diets o n the biological activity of experimental tumors have also been investigated recently. Shiba, Taguchi, N akanishi et al reported that diets imbalanced by an excess of L-Arginine and L-Ornithine tended to suppress tumor metabolism the transformation of carbamyl phosphate to pyrimidines compounds was slowed down through an activation of the urea cycle by the excessive administration of these amino-acid.
Considering these reports, the author made experimental diets which consisted of LArginine, L-Ornithine or L-Citrulline each 5% by weight in addition to 8% casein in the fundamental cornstarch food, and evaluated their effects on postoperative nutrition and on their inhibitory effects on the tumor activities under the following experimental models.View full abstractDownload PDF (2731K) -
Koshiro Hioki1972 Volume 24 Issue Supplement Pages S43-S73
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSufficient nutritional supply is a i mportant factor for a well ordered cell metabolism. It is obvious that many patients with or without any surgical stress might require high caloric intake during their healing process. This applies particulary to the patients with gastro-intestinal disease.
Artificial nutrit ion is important problem to these cases. Now intravenous nutrition and tube feeding are available. In some cases, both intravenous nutrition and tube feeding would be necessary18.
Recently a medium-chain triglyceride mixture (MCT) has become available, providing a special source of fat, containing triglycerides of octanoic and decanoic acids, C 8 and C10 fatty acids, respectively.
In the previous report, we indicated that protein sparing effect was observed using MCT mixture as a source of fat in tube feeding. Although a considerable number of publications dealing with MCT have appeared in recent years, little is known about the relationship between MCT oil and cancer spread. But so far as we know the work reported here is the first designed to elucidate the problem as to whether or not metastases are enhanced by feeding MCT oil regimen to patients after surgical removal of malignant tumor.
Moreover, because of the pau city of the information dealing with the effect of qualitative changes in the dietary fat composition on tumor spread, a further study of this problem seems justified.
It is the purp ose of the present paper (a) to investigate the effect of MCT oil on the lipid metabolism in the rats, (b) to estimate clearly the effect of MCT oil on the spread and growth of tumors in tumor bearing rats, (c) to evaluate comparative effects of different sources of dietary fat (0.5% cornoil,20% cornoil,20% coconutoil,20% MCT oil) on the spread and growth of tumor in rats.View full abstractDownload PDF (6519K) -
1. Processes of the Horseradish Peroxidase UptakeHiroshi Mayahara1972 Volume 24 Issue Supplement Pages S74-S97
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSubcutaneous histiocytes (fixed ma crophages) are normal residents in the srtcutarecus loose connective tissue. Since the fact that histiocytes have high pliagccytotic activity and constitute a part of the reticuloendothelial system was established (Kiyono,1919; Aschoff,1924), extensive works concerning histiocytes have been performed (see the recent review by Pearsall and Weiser,1970). However, the ultrastructural investigations of histiocytes are rather scanty (Tanaka,1958; Kajikawa and Hirono,1960; Ross and Benditt,1962; Sato,1965; Kajikawa et al.,1970), and there have been practically no ultracytochemical studies of histiocytes as yet.
Since the original reports of Graham and Karnovsky (1966a, b) who introduced the horseradish peroxidase as a tracer of exogenous protein in electron microscopy, quite an amount of works using exogenous peroxidase as a tracer have been published. Many of these are, however, the works on tracing the peroxidase injected intravascularly (Becker et al.,1967; Brightman,1967; Karnovsky,1967; Reese and Karnovsky,1967; Sommer and Johnson,1968; Becker and Almazon,1968; Bodenheimer and Brightman,1968; Graham and Kellermeyer,1968; Holtzman and Dominitz,1968; Hugon and Borgers,1968; Schneeberger-Keely and Karnovsky,1968; Clementi and Palade,1969; Graham et al.,1969Holtzman and Peterson,1969; Forssmann and Girardier,1970; Like,1970; Fahimi,1970; Jewett et al.,1971; Schneeberger and Karnovsky,1971). Some works tracing the peroxidase injected extravascularly or the peroxidase challenged in vitro have been published (Collins,1967; Friend and Farquhar,1967; Locke and Collins,1968; Cotran and Karnovsky,1968; Seder,1969; Zacks and Saito,1969; Watanabe et al.,1969; Holtzman et al.,1970; Cotran and Litt,1970; Peyman et al.,1970). However, no works have been published on the mode of exogenous peroxidase uptake injected subcutaneously. In the present study, the mode of exogenous peroxidase uptak e and the reactive changes of the lysosomal system accompanying with uptake are investigated in the mouse subcutaneous histiocytes using ultrastructural and ultracytochemical technics.View full abstractDownload PDF (8373K) -
2. Mechanism of Autophagolysosome FormationHiroshi Mayahara1972 Volume 24 Issue Supplement Pages S98-S129
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecent progress in the field of ele ctron microscopy has demonstrated that cells possess a mechanism for the segregation and digestion of portions of their own cytoplasm. Such a mechanism is generally known as “cellular autophagy” (de Duve and Wattiaux,1966)or “autophagocytosis” (Trump and Bulger,1967). The digestion of endogenous materials is accomplished within vacuoles limited by membranes known as cytolysomes (Novikoff and Essner,1962), autophagic vacuoles (de Duve,1963), cytosegresomes (Ericsson,1964) or autolysosomes (Gordon et al.,1965; de Duve and Wattiaux,1966). There are, however, many unanswered questions concerning autophagocytosis. Especially, no conclusion has been drawn yet about the origin of the limiting membrane of the autophagolysosomes and the origin of the hydrolytic enzymes in them (Arstila and Trump,1968; Ericsson,1969a; Maunsbach,1969; Ogawa et al.,1970). Maunsbach (1969) has stated that this lack of information is mainly due to the fact that autophagosomes or autolysosomes are rare cytoplasmic components and consequently they have not yet been isolated from tissue homogenates in purified fractions suitable for biochemical or turnover studies. However, it is somewhat unreasonable to attribute the main reason for the lack of the information to the rareness of the autophagolysosomes because we now know the conditions in which cells are full of them, and moreover, we are even able to induce active formation of them (Ericsson,1969a).View full abstractDownload PDF (12715K) -
Hajime Sugihara, Toshiyuki Fujii, Sotokichi Morii1972 Volume 24 Issue Supplement Pages S130-S136
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDMBA (7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene)is a po tent carcinogen and under specific conditions is capable of inducing 100% incidence of mammary cancer in rats. Since few informations are available on the binding of DMBA to DNA and protein in the parenchymal cells of rat mammary gland, such experiments might be considered to be highly desirable for correlation of carcinogenecity with the binding of specific carcinogens to macromolecules in susceptible tissues. But it is still a problem whether or not organ susceptibility to the carcinogen directly depends on the accumulation (uptake and clearance)of chemical carcinogen in the target organ. In order to clarify these problems radiometric and autoradiographic studies on the distribution of labeled carcinogens in main tissues should be done. Some radiometric investigations on main organs of the rats administered with labeled DMBA have been reported. In this communication, macroradioautographic observations on female rats, injected Or. by labeled DMBA, and radiometric analysis on the excretion of its metabolites are presented.View full abstractDownload PDF (1960K) -
Clinical and Pathological ConsiderationsKaku Nakamura1972 Volume 24 Issue Supplement Pages S137-S156
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPulmonary tuberculosis and its morta lity rate have remarkably decreased through the pervasion of antituberculous drugs. However, far-advanced intractable pulmonary tuberculosis remains a problem awaiting solution. The criterion of surgical intractability has been defined by the Japanese Tuberculosis Research Committee, although the meaning of “far-advanced intractable pulmonary tuberculosis” as understood in surgery and internal medicine has not always been consistent (Table 1).
Lowered pulmonary function, far-advanced and extensive le sion, positive bacilli, and drug resistance are the main intractable factors; each factor complicates the conditions created by the others so that therapy becomes difficult and complicated. In far-advanced intractable cases, surgery often leads to postoperative complications, especially bronchial fistula.View full abstractDownload PDF (4189K)
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