A comparative study was made on the function of raphe nuclei and that of VA, one of the diffuse thalamic projecting nuclei. The following results were obtained.
1. The stimulation of raphe nuclei increased the threshold of arousal reaction, but did not show any significant changes in the threshold of evoked muscular discharge, whereas the stimulation of VA increased both the threshold of arousal reaction and muscular discharge.
2. The inhibitory effect on evoked muscular discharge due to the stimulation of cerebral cortex was observed more distinctly through the simultaneous stimulation of raphe nuclei than the simultaneous stimulation of VA, and in some cases, a facilitatory effect was noticed through VA stimulation.
The inhibitory effect o f the stimulation of raphe nuelei was observed more distinctly through a stimulation at 3 Hz than that at 100 Hz.
3. The simultaneous stimulation of raphe nuclei had only inhibitory effect on the evoked muscular discharge caused by hippocampal stimulation, and the inhibitory effect was noted more distinctly through a stimulation at 100 Hz than that at 3 Hz. In the experiment with VA stimulation, some cases showing the facilitatory effect besides those showing inhibitory effect were noticed.
4. In the experiment on the afferent average evoked potential, the high frequency of the stimulation caused the early components of N₁ and N₂ to be inhibited both in the experiments with raphe nuclei and VA.
5. On the nociceptive evoked muscular discharge, an inhibitory effect was noted in both cases of raphe nuclei and VA stimulation, irrespective of the frequency of stimulations.
6. On the H wave, the high frequency of stimulation showed an inhibitory effect in both cases of raphe nuclei and VA, and in case of the low frequency of stimulation, a remarkable inhibition of H wave in the experiment with raphe nuclei was observed, whereas with VA, a facilitatory effect on both H wave and M wave was observed at times.
7. Concerning the prolonged duration of barbiturate anesthesia following the administration of cardiazol, the increased threshold by barbiturate was reduced by the administration of cardiazol in a rabbit having its raphe nuclei destroyed.
8. Comparison between the effects of morphine and pentazocine both before and after the destruction of raphe nuclei showed that the inhibitory effect of morphine on the early components was weakened after the destruction, whereas the inhibitory effect of pentazocine after the destruction was found to be just the same as before.
9. The threshold of recruiting response caused by stimulation of VA and CM was increased by the administration of central nervous inhibitant (barbiturate, myanesin), and of central nervous stimulant (cardiazol). The tendency to increase was noted more conspicuously in the case of VA stimulation than that of CM stimulation.
10. The amplitude of recruiting response was decreased by the administration of barbiturate and myanesin in either case of VA or CM stimulation. Cardiazol was found to have no significant effect on the response to VA stimulation, and inhibit the amplitude of response to CM stimulation.

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Various cardiac functional index which evaluates the cardiac function has been presented up to this time. Angiocardiographic study can be also considered as a method to determine the cardiac function in which the cardiac pump function and cardiac contractility as well as other methods are included. This time, using cineangiocardiograms, the author employed the classification of left ventricular movements to estimate whether the change of movements and configurations of the left ventricle appears or not when functional depression occures in the left heart. And by comparing the classified systolic patterns and other indices of cardiac function, the author estimated how much these classified systolic patterns and degree of disease are correlated.
The subjects of this study were 20 cases of ventricular septal defect (VSD ) without complicated cardiac disease and 4 cases of functional murmur used as contrast group. These cases were limited as follows: the patients were in good condition that control of physical exercise in their daily life was not necessary, the right and left cardiac catheterizations and angiocardiographic examination were performed in order to decide the necessity of surgery, during the cine-contrast examination premature beats and respiratory movements were not seen, hemodynamic rotation was not seen, and left ventricle was well opacified.
The age range of the cases was from 11 months to 6 years 5 months (average age 3years 3 months). Fourteen were males, and 10 were females.
The author set the 8 points in the margin of left ventricle in cineangiocardiograms and the distance of their movements from end-diastole to end-systole were measured into percentage. By using these results, the author reconstructed the ventricular movements into circular graphs and classified the graphs into 4 systolic patterns. The author compared these 4 systolic patterns with age, CTR, HR, LVESP, PAESP, EF, shunt %, VSD area, LVEDV/BSA, SV/BSA, Cardiac index, mean VCF and ECG findings.
Conclusion
1) The author classified the systolic movements of left ventricular wall in cases with VSD (except severe patients) into 4 groups according to measurement of left lateral cine left ventriculogram.
Type I: pre d ominant contraction of anterior wall
Type II: predominant contraction of posterior wall
Type III: equivalent contraction of both anterior and posterior wall
Type IV: concentric circular contraction of surrounding wall
2) The systolic patterns which were classified by the aut hor well manifested both anatomical and physiological changes of LV, RV, PA and these were correlated with synthetic diagnosis of degree of disease obtained from indices of cardiac function, measuring the score of left ventricle and ECG finding.
3) The degree of disease concerning 4 syst olic patterns of left ventricle becomes severe in the order I, II,11, IV and this classification revealed the severity of VSD, that is an enlargement of left ventricle, decrease of cardiac output and decrease of left ventricular contractility.
4) The author can simply estimate the condition of both anatomical and cardiac functional changes in VSD by using the classified systolic patterns obtained by measuring the movements of left ventricular septal wall (anterior wall), left ventricular free posterior wall and left ventricular axes.

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NADPH-cytochrome c reductase was purified from rat liver microsomes and the monospecific antibodies to the reductase were prepared from the antiserum by immun oadsorbent gel. Ferritin was coupled with the specific antibodies and the approximately equimolar conjugates were isolated by gel filtration. By applying direct ferritin immunoelectron microscopy using these conjugates, following results were obtained.
(1). It was revealed that the present immunoelectron microscopic analyses made it possible to analyses quantitatively the distribution of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase on rat liver microsomes.
(2). In rat hepatocytes the reductase is exclusively localized on the microsomal vesicles probably derived from endoplasmic reticulum and on outer nuclear envelopes. Binding of ferritin particles to Golgi membranes, outer mitochondrial membranes and plasma membranes were slight and at a control level.
(3). On each microsomal vesicle, ferritin par ticles sometimes exist in cluster and heterogeneous distribution of the reductase on the microsomal vesicles was evident.
(4). Microsomal content of the reductase increased by the treatment with phenobarbital. The present analyses revealed that the number of ferritin particles on microsomal vesicles increased markedly in proportion to the increase in the microsomal content of the reductase.

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Recently we undertook a postmortem examination of a female baby who died of congenital heart disease and respiratory infection on the tenth day after birth. She was clinically diagnosed as Pierre Robin syndrome since physical examination revealed micrognathia, cleft palate and glossoptosis. Other abnormal findings including malnutrition, cyanosis, talipes adductus and Down syndrome-like appearance were also found.
Pathological examination disclosed that she was complicated by congenital compl ex of the heart anomalies: pulmonary atresia, pulmonary trunk defect, patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect and atrial septal defect.
According to literature, pulmonary atresia can be differentiated from truncus arteriosus, but the strict differentiation of it from the end-stage tetralogy of Fallot appears to be problematical.
In th e Pierre Robin syndrome the relationship between the congenital heart disease and three defects: micrognathia, cleft palate and glossoptosis, was also discussed. In the same syndrome the heart, mandible and palate all are commonly hypoplastic. If a certain teratogenic factor is present in a fetus during the very early period of embryogenesis, it would cause not only micrognathia and cleft palate, but also congenital heart diseases in a newborn.
Additionally, it seemed that the allergic constitution of her parents is also responsible for the pathogenesis of the Pierre Robin syndrome in this patient.

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A microwave apparatus applied for radiation on the animal tissue in vitro as well as in vivo was designed and produced by us in cooperation with NEC Co. The temperature of Locke's solution in an organ bath of 5 ml and that of the mouse brain set in the microwave apparatus increased linearily with increasing the microwave intensity and irradiation time. When the Locke's solution and the mouse brain was irradiated by the microwave having an intensity of 2.0 kw for 2.0 sec, their temperatures increased up to about 90°C.
Levels of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in the isolated rat papillary muscle, kept in Locke's solution and irradiated by the microwave (2.0kw) for 2.0 sec, were 4.075 and 2.098 pmol/mgprotein, respectively. When the papillary muscle was treated with aceton dry ice instead of the microwave radiation, those levels were 5.870 and 1.382pmol/mgprotein, respectively. Between the levels of cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP in the papillary muscles treated with microwave irradiation and those treated with aceton dry ice, there was no significant difference. When the rat papillary muscle driven by electrical stimulation in a frequency of 2 Hz for 30 min and irradiated by microwave (2.0kw) for 2.0 sec, levels of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in the muscle were 4.178and 0.310 pmol/mg-protein, respectivley.
Levels of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in the brain of mouse irradiatedby microwave (2.0kw) for 2.0 sec were 6.494 and 0.772 pmol/mg. protein, respectively.

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A 68 years old woman, a non-smoker, admitted to our hospital on Aug.17,1976, had complained cough with sputum since six years, and her sputa became bloody since Mar.1975.
The specimen obtained by brushing through bronchoscope was examined cytologically yielding result of Class III (Papanicolou).
After admission, she persis tently expectorated massive amount of sputa mingled with blood, and complained dyspnea. Abnormal X-ray shado ws initially found in the right lower lung field gradually spread bilaterally to the middle and lower fields making butterfly-shape.
Cytological examination of sputa was repeated; yielding Class IV (Papanicolou) of adenocarcinoma only once.
Since July 26,1977, her dyspnea intensified, and she died on Sep.5.,1977 due to CO₂ narcosis.
Autopsy revealed lung cancer composed of bronchiolo-alveolar cell adenocarcinoma.
As seen in this case, the definite diagnosis of lung cancer of thi s type by means of cytological examination is usually difficult.
This difficulty could be attribute d, at least partially to the morphological resemblance of the well differentiated cells of this tumor to the normal alveolar cells.

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An electro-physiological study was made in an attempt to investigate the mechanism of the electrical change of photopalpebral reflex (PPR), and in addition, visual evoked response (VER) as well as microvibration (MV) of the eyelid were studied simultaneously in rabbits.
The results obtaind were as follows.
1. Four components (PNB₁, PN₂, PN₃ and PN₄) in PPR and six components (VP₁, VN₁, VN₂, VN₃, VN₄ and VP₂) in VER were observed in response to the photic stim ulation through bipolar lead. On the other hand, six components (PPR₁, PPR₂, PPR₃, PPR₄, PPR₅ and PPR₆) in PPR and five components (VER₁, VER₂, VER₃, VER₄ and VER₅) in VER were observed through monopolar lead.
2. All components of PPR and VER disappeared after the elevation of intraocular pressure.
3. The components of PPR were still observed after removal of the M. orbicularis oculi.
4. PPR₅ and PPR₆ disappeared after cut of the optic nerve at the chiasuma fasciculum opticum.
5. PPR and ERG were recorded simultaneously, and the early components of PPR (PPR_1-4) were found to be identical with “a” wave, “b” wave and oscillatory potentials of ERG.
6. PPR₅ and PPR₆ disappeared after transection of the brain stem.
7. Following the impairment of such nucleus as VA and CM which belong to the diffuse thalamocortical projection system, facilitatory effect on PPR₆ was observed.
8. Four components (MV₁, MV₂, MV₃ and MV₄) were observed in MV which is the accelerative change of the microvibration of the eyelid evoked by photic stimulation.9. Inhibitory effect was observed in all components of MV, PPR' and PPR6, following the administration of gallamine.
10. In most cases, inhibitory effect on PPR₁ and PPR₆ was observed while facilitatory effect on each component from PPR₂ to PPR₅ was observed following the administration of such drugs as barbiturate, chlorpromazine and diazepam. Inhibitory effect on VER₅ was observed while facilitatory effect on PPR₆ and VER₅ was observed following the administration of CDP-choline.
11. Based on the result s of the experiments of hippocampal stimulation, it was postulated that there were histological differences in the site of stimulation in the hippocampus and that both modulation systems of PPR and VER were influenced by barbiturate whereas the modulation system of VER was influenced by chlorpromazine.
12. PPR in man recorded from upper and lower eyelids by monopolar lead and bipolar lead respectively. Four components of which peak latencies were 15,32,45 and 57msec were observed by bipolar lead. When one eye was covered and photic stimulation was emitted to the contralateral eye, all components but the component of 57msec latency disappeared in the covered eye.
From these results, it was conclu ded that there was close relation between retina and PPR, PPR had less relation to the constriction of the ocular muscles, the components of ERG were included in such early components as PPR1, PPR2, PPR3, PPR4 and that such later components as PPR5 and PPR6 were considered to be the responses which appeared via nervous system in the brain stem.

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