A total of 918 Japanese serow, Capricornis crispus, were weighed, and 912 serow were measured for shoulder height, and 892 for chest girth; 797 mandibles were measured for length, 308 for height, and 320 for diastema length; 315 horns were weighed and 871 were measured for length. These data were classified by sex and age. The body of both sexes continued to grow until 2.5 years old and stopped growing by 3.5 years old except for diastema and horn which continued to increase in length and weight until death. Japanese serow showed little sexual dimorphism for almost all the measurements. Body weight was significantly correlated with mandible length and height and horn length. Horn weight and length were strongly correlated with age.

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Lactation and growth of young in Minioptorus schreibersi fuliginosus were investigated during 1981-1984, together with an experiment in captivity. Adult females arrived at Nakadake-do Cave from May to June to form a maternity colony of up to ca. 4, 500 bats consisting almost entirely of pregnant females. Lactating females retrieved and suckled their own young, but would not accept alien ones. Almost all mothers, except ones shortly after parturition, nursed their young only during the daytime. In the first half of lactation period, there were two peaks of nursing: the first one during the forenoon and the second one during the midafternoon; but in the latter half only the former occurred. The young formed a huge, dense cluster, and its function was to heighten their body temperatures and growth rate. At the time of weaning, the body weight of young transiently decreased, although the forearm length almost reached the adult size at 6-7 weeks of age. Such a lightening resulted in the reduction of the young wing loading. Preweaning mortality was estimated at ca. 9 % for M. s. fuliginosus. The adult females left the nursery colony in early September, and then the remaining young emigrated somewhere.

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A study on the mother-offspring relationship in the feeding group of the feral cat population was conducted in a fishing village on Ainoshima Island, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Survival rate of kittens at ten months was very low, 9.5 %. The female delivered kittens at a fixed breeding site. After attaining independence, each kitten gradually established its own moving range, which overlapped the range of its mother and litter mates, and used the common feeding site. The repetition of this process seems to generate the feeding group. Although male cats didn't take care of kittens, related females sometimes reared their kittens cooperatively.

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The masked palm civet, Paguma larvata, captured in Shizuoka Prefecture, central Japan, was studied for litter size and sex ratio at birth and at about one month of age. The litter size at birth and at about one month ranged from two to four with an average of 3.0 and one to four with an average of 2.1, respectively. Both litter sizes did not differ significantly between the age classes. And the sex ratio in both the age classes was 1: 1.

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Histology of the gastric mucosa was studied in 27 primate species. The distribution of three gastric glands ; the cardiac, fundic and pyloric glands, had variations and they were classified roughly into three types. In the type I, the cardiac glands occupied a narrow area surrounding the cardia; in the type II, the glands spread from the cardia to the fundus and in the type III, the glands were distributed to the sacciform and tubiform forestomach. In the type III, villus-like processes were observed in the mucosa of cardiac gland region. Such processes have not been reported in the other mammals. It is known that the species which have the type I stomach eat mainly fruits and insects, the species which have the type II stomach are omnivores which show strong herbivorous tendency and the species which have the type III stomach are leaf eaters. Therefore, these three types of the gastric mucosa of primates may be correlated with food habits. On the comparative measurement of the fundic gland mucosa, there was a significant correlation between the mucosa thickness and the gland length. In the type II, the fundic glands were longer, and the total and parietal cell numbers were greater than in the type I. In the type III, these values were intermediate between the former two.

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The presence of straight guard hairs among protective hairs has not well been recognized in insectivores. Examination of hair types for all genera of Insectivora in Japan revealed that such hairs do exist, although the ratio of their occurrence was as low as 0.4-4.8 %, depending upon the species or specimens. Further it showed that the protective hairs can be classified into straight guard hairs, awns and furhairs.

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