Notes on 10 species of bats collected in Pakistan during 1972 are presented. Five species, Rousettus leschenaulti, Nyctalus leisleri, Pipistrellus abramus paterculus, Pipistrellus coromandra and Scotophilus kuhli are new to the fauna of Pakistan. Other species reported on are Rhinolophus ferrumequinum proximus, Tadarida aegyptiaca, Pipistrellus ceylonicus subcanus, Pipistrellus mimus glaucillus and Scotophilus heathi.

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Seasonal movements of five local populations of sika deer (Cervus nippon) were investigated in Tanzawa mountains, from November, 1969 to July, 1971. This report chiefly deals with one of these populations, which occupied the vicinity of the top of Mt. Hinokiboramaru.
The range of this population expanded in summer and diminshed in winter. Summer range of this population contained grass-patches with small-reeds on the ridges. Winter range mainly contained bamboo community in slopes and dingles.
Group size in summer was less than three individuals, mostly consisting of an adult female and her chills. But some large number groups of five to eleven individuals were observed in winter. These large-sized group may be influenced by two factors: first, the increase of ecological density due to diminution of the range, and second, the change of environmental condition as the result of defoliation and snowfalls.
Adult males seen in rutting season were of two types: the resident and the migrant. Residents were counted seven individuals, and these males occupied difinite area throughout this season. But no territorial defence was observed. On the other hand, migrants were counted six individuals, and these males wandered outside the summer range. Migrants, in the author's view, should be considered in Tanzawa mountan deer population level.

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The Japanese wood mouse (Apodemus speciosus group) is currently. classified into 4 species on the basis of their morphological features, such as A. speciosus which is composed of A, s. speciosus and A. s. sadoensis, A. ainu, A, miyakensis and A. navigator including A. n. navigator, A. n. tusimaensis, A. n. dorsalis and A. n. insperatus. However, this classification system is still a matter of considerable controversy.
The present reports describes results of cytological and biochemical studies on specimens of Japanese wood mouse from 87 different localities in this country with a hope of presenting fundamental data which would contribute to the establishment of a standardized taxonomy in this animal group.
The A. speciosus group was found to be composed of three subgroups with respect to their chromosome number. Out of 494 animals studied, 233 were found to have 46 chromosomes, 11 had 47 chromosomes and 250 had 48 chromosomes. They were tentatively referred to as 2n=46 type, 2n=47 type and 2n=48 type individuals, respectively. Karyotypeanalysis of these animals revealed that the 2n=48 type animal possessed two pairs of extra acrocentrics but lacking one pair of submetacentrics, and the 2n=46 type, the reverse. The 2n=47 type individuals showed a karyotype intermediate between the previous two. It was considered that this chromosomal variation was due to the Robertsonian conversions based on banding pattern analyses carried out with the use of the trypsin G-banding technique (Fig. 4) .
The survey of geographical distribution of animals belonging to the A. speciosus group with a special reference to their chromosome number resulted in the detection of a boundary line which ran through the central part of the main land, connecting Toyama with Hamamatsu, and divided this animal group into two, each having a different karyotype. Thus, on the eastern side of the line, involving the eastern part of the main land, Hokkaido, and their adjoining islands, only 2n=48 type animals were found, whereas on the western side including the western part of the mainland, Shikoku, Kyushu and their adjoining islands, only 2n=46 type individuals were trapped (Fig. 5) .The 2n=47 type animals were collected only in a very narrow hybrid zone locating on the Toyama-Hamamatsu line. Such an allopatric distribution of the A. speciosus group suggests strongly that this group is composed of two major chromosomal groups, 2n=48 type and 2n=46 type. The former was tentatively named as A. speciosus group I and the latter as A. specious group II (Table 3) .
Biochemical as well as immunological characters of various blood components of these two chromosomal groups were compared. There was no difference between the two in the electrophoretic mobilities of albumin, hemopexin-like protein, transferrin and S α₂-macroglobulin (Fig. 6) . A comparison of electrophoretic pattern of serum α-esterase revealed a slight difference in the number of bands, but it was not enough to clearly distinguish the two groups. No significance was detected in immunogenecity of serum proteins examined by immunoelectrophoresis (Fig. 8), red blood cell antigenecity (Table 3) and the temperature sensitivity of liver acid phosphatase (Fig. 9) . In A. miyakensis, however, electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins differed obviously from that in the other species (Fig. 10) . Further, specimens from Kohzu Island (A. n. insperatus ?) showed two kinds of albumin in the electrophoretic mobility either A. speciosus type or A. miyakensis type.
The results obtained in the present study suggest some revisions in the current classification system of the A. speciosus group : 1) A. s. speciosus is to be subdivided into two groups on the basis of their karyological features,

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The behavior of a calf of Japanese serow was studied by the author when it was nineteen and forty-five days old, from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. As it grew older, its kinds and time of the behavior were changed.
The intervals of suckings were about three hours in the nineteenth day, about six hours in the forty-five day stage.
The sequence in the time length of each behavior was as follows. In nineteenth day: down sitting, walking, dozing, feeding, sucking, standing rest, sitting rumination, and running, from the longest to the shortest and in forty-fifth day: down sitting, feeding, sitting rumination, walking, standing rest, dozing, watching, and sucking. As it grew older, the dependence on mothers milk decreased and the dependence on mother decreased at the same time.
The distance of walking in nineteenth day was 1369 meters. It is rather long because there are much behavior with its mother. That of forty-fifth day was 628 meters. There are much behavior by itself. It is the morning and the evening when the kid walks.
Thirteen types of the behavior were observed in the nineteenth day. Seventeen types were observed in the forty-fifth day. The type of behavior in forty-fifth day was more numerous than that of nineteenth day.
Some characteristic behaviors, such as sucking, dozing, and playing, were observed in a kid of Japanese serow. They were not observed in the adult Japanese serow.

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In order to know the life of the black bear, Selenarctos thibetanus, the analysis was made by the writer based on the hunting reports in the north district of Shizuoka pref. in central part of Japan.
83 individuals were captured by traps or sporting guns from Apr. 1968 to June 1973.
The number of males captured was twice of females and the sex ratio was 204: 100. The immatures occupied 12.0 per cent of the whole, but the rate of immatures and sex ratio between individuals captured by traps and sporting guns were different.
The wild bear is a solitary animal and rarely seen with other ones. When two or more individuals consitute a group, they are always mother and her child. According to the points of captures and observations in the active season, their life seems to depend upon the broad leaved forest. In the aff orestation the rate of captures and observations increases in July and August.

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The authers collected small mammals in two areas surronding Minamiomuro (2500m. alt.) and Hoo (2400m. alt.) cottages of Mt. Hoo in the South Alps of Japan, The vegetation of Minamiomuro area is a mixed forest consisting chiefly of Tsuga diversifolia and Abies veitchii. Hoo area is covered mainly by Betula ermanii forest.
Collecting was carried out during September 4-7, 1967, using snap traps and an oil can. From these investions, 7 species of insectivores and rodents were collected, including one species which had never before been collected in the South Alps district. The collected specimens are shown in Table 1-4. The following observations seem to be especially noteworthy; 1) Two species of Sorex, S. hosonoi and chouei, were collected in a same area. 2) . One specimen of Urotrichus hondonis was collected with eight specimens of Dymecodon pirilostris in Hoo area. As they are allopatric each other and Urotrichus is generally confined to lowmountain zones, this evidence may be important to clarify the competition between them, to be a new record to this region of the South Alps.

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