New visual methods, the identification method and the block count, for counting serows (Capricornis crispus), were tested in Wakinosawa Village, Shimokita Peninsular, Aomori Prefecture from October 1975 to December 1976. Accuracy of the block count was related to seasonal changes of visibility of the study area and by the size of count unit, and was checked by“n-s”curve, representing the relation between number of serows counted and average size of count units; the count units smaller, higher the accuracy. Visibility was affected by plant development, defoliation, and snow accumulation. The highest accuracy was gotten in less than 5 ha unit size in summer and in less than 10 ha unit size after defoliation. In the identification method, both the minimum and maximum numbers of serows were estimated, and the actual number was probably near their median. In Mt. Gange and its vicinity, 225 ha in size, serow density was about 9.8 head per km²in average by the block count, and in the extended area of 500 ha in size, including the above area, it was about 7.0 head per km²in average by the identification method.

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Ecological survey of Japanese serow by the block count and the identification method was made in Wakinosawa Village, Aomori Prefecture from October 1975 to March 1977. Densities of serows obtained by the block count were 10.2-10.9 head/km²from July to December 1976. Further it increased to 15.6 head/km²in March 1977. This remarkable increase was probably caused by immigration from the surrounding area, because of the changes of food availabilities in the snow season. This higher density than the other results in Japan, was seemingly caused by high carrying capacity of this area where foods and covers were rich and by the geographical obstruction of the sea, surrounding this area in two directions, to the dispersal of the animals. Sightings of singles and mother-child units, both being were basic social units of this species, were abundantly gotten, but serow associations with more than three head were rarely seen. Maximum group size was recorded four. Group size of this species was probably independent upon the density changes of, at least, 5.2-15.6 head/km². Adultfawn ratio changed from 21.4 to 63.6%.

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The br onchi including their distal airways and the pulmonary arteries were studied with special emphasis on their arborization in relation to the bronchopulmonary segments by the use of acrilyc resin and bronchography in the Japanese deer (Cervus nipponT.) .
The right lung was divided into four lobes, a cranial, middle, intermediate and caudal. The left lung was divided into two lobes, a cranial and caudal. The pattern of bronchial tree as well as of bronchopulmonary segments was essentially same as that of other ruminants such as cow, goat and sheep.
The pulmonary arteries maintained a close relationship to the bronchi in such a manner that they followed the bronchial arborization.
Acrilyc resin was considered as an injection material suitable for defining both the bronchial tree and the distal airways.

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The chiropteran fauna of Oze district, a mountainous part of Nikko National Park, has hitherto been poorly known, and represented by only two species of bat, Murina aurata ussuriensisandMyotis ozensis. The author studied the area in the summer of 1973, 1974, 1978 and 1979, and obtained following five species of bats in mixed forests of beech, oak and conifer; Myotis hosonoi, Myotis frater kaguyae, Nyctalus furvus, Plecotus auritus sacrimontisandMurina aurata ussuriensis.Among themMyotis hosonoiandPlecotus auritus sacrimontiswere most common and seemed to be dominant species in the area. All of the specimens ofNyctaluswere caught in the mist nests at about 7m in height from the ground, those ofMurinaat about one meter or less, andMyotisin the medium parts between them. From this evidence, it is estimated that those three species have segregated hunting zone, differing in height in the same forest.

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Censuses were taken for the Kuril seal (Phoca kurilensisINUKAI, 1942) in early May, late May and late June 1974, and in middle June 1975, 1976 and 1978. Along the Pacific coast of the eastern Hokkaido, from Nemuro Peninsula to Cape Erimo, nine hauling grounds were recorded (see Fig.1), and most of the seals were found on and around them.
From results of these censuses (see Table 1), the population size of the Kuril seal in this region was estimated at 200-250 individuals except pups. Birth rate varied from 10% to 20% with years.
During these five years from 1974 to 1978, population of the seal appeared rather stable. However, 200-250 is a too small number for a local population, and some hauling grounds have been abandoned in recent years.

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To be clear the mode of inheritance on the number of lumber vertebrae in mice, two inbred strains of mice which differ in numbers of this vertebrae were crossed reciprocally and propagated into segregating generations. RR inbred strain having 5 lumber vertebrae (5/5) mainly, SS inbred strain having 6 lumber vertebrae (6/6) and their reciprocal hybrids F₁ (RS, SR) and F₂were used. 1) Frequent appearance of both 5/5 and 6/6 type in the hybrids F₁suggested the intermediate between RR and SS strain of their parents. And asymmetrical type (5/6, 6/5) was also appeared with such a frequency of 6.2 to 17.9%. There were no significant differences between RS and SR in the distribution of these types. 2) Distributions of the type of the lumber vertebral number in F₂were similar to those in F₁with minor frequency of appearance of asymmetrical type. 3) Variances in F₂were larger than those in parental inbreds and their F₁. From the above results, it seemed that the inheritance of lumber vertebral numbers was explained as multiple-factor model.

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