This paper analyzed management on grassroots association for contribution to active community. The results indicates the following four elements: 1) leader taking initiative to work on activities; 2) setting purpose of solving problem in community; 3) having common mission among members; 4) taking mild control of members.

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In this study we propose the 3Dimension CAD (3D CAD) sharing system for the Small and Medium-Scale Enterprises in the limited region that calls the virtual CAD center (VCADC).
The big scale manufacturing companies use the 3D CAD in order to speed up their manufacturing process. So the 3D CAD data made from the developing section are going through all the process including the small and medium-scale enterprises that work for them. It means that the small and medium-scale enterprises must install and keep the same system and engineering staffs. But the 3D CAD in there would not be powered on and worked fully because they want only to get the machining information from the data instead of drawings that are vanishing by the drawing-less activity of the big scale manufacturing companies.
According to the research there are several public facilities that hold the expensive 3D CAD that are used in the big scale manufacturing companies. But when we want to use the 3D CAD for the business, we should get the approved from the customer at the security point of view. Through our experiences the customer would want to survey the facilities and find the problems of the security. So the public facility might be used only as the function of the training center.
The VCADC might be only a server computer that holds the 3D CAD floating licenses and the digital text for training. The small and medium-scale enterprises shall have the computers that installed the 3D CAD software without the booting-license. When they want to boot the CAD, they might access the VCADC through the internet in order to get the floating license as the software-license. As the result the small and medium-scale enterprises might keep the cost and security for the customers.

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This paper is intended as a qualitative approach to QOL by Delphi method. Numerous attempts have been made by scholars to show that Delphi method is useful in investigating expected future directions. Our concern is to examine the process of discussion rather than the results of discussion. The result of the experiment is that panelists can be classified into some groups by types of change.

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Household medicine lease (HML) industry originated far back in the Edo period (17C–19C), whenitwas promoted by the local fiefdom government to revitalize the economy. Accumulation of wealth acquired from everywhere outside the region has culminated in the build-up of the present-day industrial cluster in Toyama, largest in the whole area facing the Sea of Japan. Today an adaptation of the quasi-CRM (Customer Relationship Management) business model of the HML system has proved to be a success in Mongolia. This fact seems to offer us some clues for solving many problems that health care and medical services in Japan are riddled with. In this paper, focusing on the common CSFs (critical success factors) behind Mongolians' and our use of the HML system, we will analyze these factors from the perspective of CRM. We will then clarify the following: 1) the usefulness of the business model for ensuring primary health care for people in developing countries as a social business, 2) the usefulness in our ubiquitous network society of applying ICT to the HML system, 3) what contributions the use of the system can make toward improving the quality of our everyday health care and medical services in our prominently aging society, and we will also suggest 4) the importance of elevating ‘individual self-medication’ to ‘community-based self-medication.’

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Medical organizations are nowadays functioning in the turbulent environment. This article argues about strategic values and examines the unique structure of a medical group which has been successful since its foundation. This group is consisted of loosely coupled 35 clinics under the unified management ideology and strategic values. Due to this structure each member clinics can deal independently and flexibly with its own distinctive situations.

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The purpose of this proposal is to show the guideline for the corporate management in the video content industry. As a result of study by documents investigation and the hearing investigation, the following proposals are suggested. First of all, It is necessary for the video contents industry to plan the reinforcement of the competitive power in the global economy bottom by planning a breakaway from constitution of the old closedown that depended on group cohesion characteristics excessively. Secondly, It is desirable to push forward interchange with the other business positively while advocating practice of CSR in management philosophy as the beginning. Finally, On the occasion of the interchange of picture contents industry and the other business company, both sides should use will for cross-cultural management.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the determinant factors for corporate succession in small business. In order to achieve this goal, we focus on the components of the corporate value evaluation and try to find determinant factors from them.
In addition, we make a comparative study to find differentiation of succession status between companies which succeed their management to the family and to the third party.
Empirical results indicate that sales and profits, instead of corporate assets, is the key decision making factor for succession. Also we found a companies with debt, have no competitive advantage for future cash flow, have few employee and long term administration of CEO are more likely to succeed to the families in compare with the third parties.

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In twenty-first-century Japan, the development and management of the community health, medical and welfare system (CHMW-system) is one of the important assignments in the establishment of people's Quality-of-Life (QOL).On the other hand, the systems approach has proven to be useful and also effective in planning and development of many kinds of CHMW-systems. Therefore, in this paper, we discuss and compare some kinds of systems approach and also we propose the effective and practical systems approach for planning and designing the CHMW-system. Specially from the view of systems management, we give the system concept, system strategies, system methods and systems approach to planning, design and evaluate the CHMW-systems which are very useful for establishment of people's QOL in Japan.

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In order to provide proper health medical welfare services effectively and efficiently, it is significant to establish and manage the community health-medical-welfare system (=the community comprehensive health care system). Also to establish the community comprehensive health care system in each region (=municipality), it is necessary to evaluate the present condition of the community comprehensive health care system in each region, and keep improving it for establishing and managing it very well. In Aomori prefecture, the questionnaire survey about the community comprehensive health care system against health medical welfare facilities was conducted.
This paper analyzes the community comprehensive health care system in Aomori prefecture by regional scale. Especially, this paper discusses the present condition of cooperation, health medical welfare facilities having need of cooperation, obtaining situation of health medical welfare information, consciousness for community comprehensive health care system, and the effects of cooperation, analyzed according to regional scale.

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In Japan, town centers have been deserted for reasons that large-scale retail stores and shopping centers were allowed to move out of towns, and that public facilities were also moved out of towns for the spread of urban functions.
As for the UK, the same thing happened. The plan-led urban policy of Margaret Thatcher promoted developing out-oftowns as shopping centers, and it made town centers deserted seriously.
However, since late 1990s, the UK has made a remarkable progress in bringing retail stores to town centers by Planning Policy Guidance Note 6 (PPG6) in 1996 and Planning Policy Statement 6 (PPS6) in 2005 and also successful in revitalization of town centers by Business Improvement District (BID). This is a big difference from Japanese town centers.
It would not be easy to apply those English policies to Japanese because there are differences in city planning and local government system which have been formed through the long history in each country. But as for BID, Japan needs to learn from English BID to develop our own.

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The purpose of this paper is to uncover how the value intension of university students affect their firm choice using a conjoint analysis. None of the attributes show significant difference concerning these four factors. University students prefer hometown as a location of the working place. They also favor job seniority system. Interestingly, students belong to the monetary factor centered group prefer the seniority based system to the performance based system.

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In this paper, the authors propose the concept of the Point of Action recording system (POA) and developed a prototype system with mobile phone. This system records points of lifestyle actions and time when users push a button, “meal”, “drinking” and so on. In this study, we conducted a demonstration experiment for eleven days and participants were eleven college students. As a result, compared before and after using the POA, health awareness and interest of lifestyle behavior improved significantly. It suggests that the system we implemented in this study has effect to trigger a change lifestyle of users.

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In the just-in-time (JIT) system the inventory reduction has been tackled significantly in improvement activities of Japanese companies. In their activities a theory of “J-cost” is proposed by Mr. M. Tanaka who was a general manager in Production Evaluation & Improvement Department of Toyota Motor Co. The theory has two indices which are a cost concept called J-cost and a profitability index defined using J-cost. In this research we examine whether the J-cost theory is validated for practical use through numerical examples. As a result we will conclude that the profitability index may not give us the correct direction, when we ask which system is most profitable among some systems.

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In the Japanese farm products distribution, a wholesale market functions as the most important system. The wholesale market system is effective to connect a lot of small farmer and a small vegetable retailer (these are characteristics of the Japanese agriculture and retailers). This system becomes, however, not to able to support current consumer needs. Namely, Consumer in Japan becomes to have various needs for agricultural products. It is not easy for consumer who has needs for organic to get organic vegetables. One reason of it is that it is difficult to distribute special vegetables such as organic vegetables by the wholesale market system. The organic vegetables market remains very small in Japan. So we suppose that making multi channel distribution system might solve this problem. The purpose of this study is to examine that it would be possible to establish any channels but the wholesale market system in Japan. Concretely, we assume a model that is direct trading system of small farmers and small vegetable retailers. On the next step, we paid attention to farmers and retailers in the suburbs of Tokyo. Using statistics, we verified feasibility of this new trade system. As a result of this study, we could show that there is no incentive to participate in this direct trade on the famer side and it becomes clear that the direct trade is not established unless a consumer would raise the amount of willingness to pay for added value.

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As a philosophy “which produces the necessary product in the necessary quantity at the necessary time”, especially, Just-In-Time (JIT) has had big influence on realizing high quality, low prices and quick production in the field of manufacturing. In the automobile industry, the Japanese company which adopted the JIT production system has reached the top in the world. Furthermore, JIT is applied to various fields not only manufacturing but such as a high technology product, service and social system. In this research, by introducing products and services to be needed in the viewpoint of JIT, and the applicable field of JIT and its future potential are explained. We also refer to social problems which will be tangible from now on by promoting JIT.

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Strengthening customer loyalty is one of the important objectives for many companies. Recently, some researchers (e.g. Reichheld (2003) and Reichheld and Cook (1996)) have proposed recommendations for analyzing and diagnosing customer loyalty. The present study focuses on the content of the recommendation through text analysis, not on the act of recommendation, as many consumers evaluated their favorite shop by not all dimensions, but just one or two dimensions. The survey approach of this research used open-ended questions to collect descriptive data and closed-ended questions for loyalty data from the respondents. The results show that many respondents use words and phrases such as “low price” or “quality”, but these phrases showed no relationship with loyalty level. The word showing the highest association with customer loyalty was “abundance”. The results indicate that the number of recommendations is not very important and that customer loyalty is enhanced by an abundant assortment of goods and services.

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University ventures tend to be recognized as one of the premier methods of evaluating a university's contribution to society, and they are expected to be the nucleus of the local economy's innovation.In this research, the environments where university ventures are placed were organized, and their roles in the communities were considered as well. University ventures often apply advanced technologies into business, so these ventures can be potential places of employment for high-level human resources, including graduates from doctoral courses.The university ventures selected as workplaces may grow, and these human resources may leave the ventures and create new businesses that become the nucleus of the community.University ventures are considered to contribute to the revitalization of local economies because they maintain the high-level human resources in the communities.

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The effectiveness of a patent greatly depends on the description content of the patent application document. Enough knowledge and skill about the description enable small and medium enterprises to make the patent application document with a wide right range. However, the small and medium enterprises cannot make it because of the low patent mind. In this study, “the standard patent application document” is discovered from the analysis of a past patent document. The standard patent application document make easy to register, and enable to get the wide right range. Our study enables small and medium enterprises to use patents effectively, and to capture the value.

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Researched and Developed needs high creativity. Needless to say, it includes the medicine sector. This needs have been caused by having changed from low molecular medicine to the biotechnology medicine. It is cost-full that the developing of new medicine by one company. The cross-organizational development is remarkable as the method for curbing costs. This research describes the relation between the cross-organizational network and the cost with the network analysis. As a result, the cost is not decrease but increase by the cross-organizational development.

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The purpose of this paper is to propose a diagnosis which realizes effective communication management between members of different organizations for increasing the probability of establishment of collaboration. In this paper, mutual understanding by communications between members is focused. If the mutual understandings, which are required to establish collaborations, are identified, effective communication management can be undertaken. The case study about consulting companies identifies mutual understandings required for establishing collaboration and concludes that the diagnosis can be made by recognizing mutual understandings by conduct of members, arisen from mutual understandings, and by past collaborations.

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The small and midsize businesses tries to execute the sales securing by groping for the strategic deploys of making to the additional value and the new field advancement etc. of technological development, the new product development, and the product. However, Execution is difficult because of limited management resources. Then, There is movement to create new value through the cooperation between the enterprises recently. It is a consortia formation. The aspect is put on OEM that small and medium manufacturers are doing. Leading research examines the concept, the purpose, and the technique of the alliance and the strategic alliance. Then, it is not OEM of a passive aspect, and develops an active aspect to strategic OEM is considered in this thesis through the diagnosis case.

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This study explores growth frame of the joint management company. The questionnaire was sent to 2,000 companies, which were chosen by random sampling, those are categorized in the medium and small size machinery and appliances manufacture. The collected data was analyzed statistically. As a result, the interesting tendencies of statistical significance were found in the area of the factor that gives strong influence toward the growth of joint management company.

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When the business successions among SMEs are becoming issues, business successions to non-family persons, such as employees, are increasing. Some non-family successors purchase ownership from founding families. But in other cases most of the shares are owned by founding families and there are separations of ownership from management. Considering the reasons for the differences from the case study of management innovations directed by non-family successors, the relations to founding families have effects on them. Besides building the relation of trust to founding families and ensuring enough periods for business successions have positive effects on management innovations by non-family successors under separation of ownership from management.

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By studying multilateralization as growing strategy from not big business but small like multilateralization for existence, we can know how a consideration for diversification strategy occurs in small business for existence and what mechanism .Considering the critical mind ,we try to find the factor affecting the degree of multilateralization for existence in terms of environment inside company.

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Reduction of environmental impact on transportation industry is late. Visualizing environmental impact is important to solve this problem. Then this paper tries to compare environmental impact of track transportation and Modalshift (train transportation) and constructs a way to inform environmental impact to customer and a business model of logistics services based on Modal-shift.

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This study examines Country-of-origin and brand effects on Consumer's quality perceptions, attitudes, and purchase intentions with respect to a traditional craft, Chinaware in Japan and U.S. Aritayaki and Lenox were selected as the brand and countries for the study.

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Today, people need various services of health-medical-welfare in Japan, because of aged society, changing disease structure and changing family structure. So, service providers of health, medical and welfare need to cooperate with each other to provide the best service for people. This system is called “Community Comprehensive Care System”. This system has lately attracted considerable attention in Japan. Cooperation of health-medical-welfare is important to create “Community Comprehensive Care System”. But Cooperation of health-medical-welfare is difficult. Many cases of cooperation of health-medical-welfare aren' t workwell. This research, I consider to promoting cooperation of health-medical-welfare in a case of Toyota city.

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