We report a series of 13 consecutive patients with intracranial abscess treated at our institution since examination by computed tomography (CT) became available. After various treatments, all abscesses healed. CT has broadened the range of treatment options. Manual puncture was performed in most patients. Stereotactic aspiration through a burr hole, medical therapy alone, or complete excision, including the capsule, via craniotomy may be chosen in cases selected by CT analysis. Individualization of treatment in this disease has become increasingly valuable in effecting a cure.

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The occurrence of apoptosis and cell proliferation in hereditary intestinal diseases was analyzed for possible diagnostic markers that could discriminate the formation of tumors that would develope into cancer. In all, 15 adenomas in familial adenomatous polyposis, 3 juvenile polyposis, 5 Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, 14 sporadic adenomas, and 46 colorectal carcinomas were investigated. Tissue specimens were examined for apoptotic cells by TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL), and proliferating cells by immunohistochemistry of proliferating cells nuclear antigen (PCNA). In hereditary intestinal diseases, the apoptotic and proliferating indexes were significantly lower than those in colorectal carcinoma, and higher apoptotic and proliferating indexes were observed in poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma and in subserosal stages of invasion. There were no significant differences in proliferating and apoptotic indexes between adenoma in FAP and sporadic adenoma. No apoptotic and proliferating cells were observed in juvenile polyposis, and only occasional proliferating cells were seen in Peutz­-Jeghers syndrome. These findings demonstrated that TUNEL and PCNA staining are useful in correctly reflecting disease progression in hereditary intestinal diseases.

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Tensile bond strength measurements and scanning electron microscopic observations have been performed to evaluate the adhesive properties of new dentin bonding systems. To date, however, it was impossible to compare previously reported data among researchers, because there was no standardization of in vitro test methods. There have also been few reports about the correlation among tensile bond strengths (TBS) and morphological features of the adhesive interfaces of recent systems. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between TBS to bovine dentin, following the guidelines documented by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and the morphology of resin/dentin interfaces of nine commercially available and one experimental bonding systems. The nine recent bonding systems used in this study showed significantly higher mean TBS (ranging from 25.0 to 14.8 MPa) than did a system (PhB) marketed ten years ago (9.3 MPa). However, morphological features of the resin/dentin interface varied among the systems, and no statistically significant correlation was found between TBS and width of the hybrid layer (p = 0.62). In order to evaluate the quality of the resin/dentin interface, quantitative analyses are needed to clarify the saturation and polymerization of resin in the hybrid layer.

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In order to understand the role of Latin adjec­tives, international anatomical names containing the same adjectives were chosen from among the names of structures in the head and neck: these names were assorted into groups according to the actual meanings of the adjectives. When the Latin adjectives indicated the name of the structure, they signified: belonging to the structure, entering into the formation of the structure, articulating with the structure, transmitting the structure, giving attachment to the structure, or some other relationship to the structure. And, furthermore, the structures that were indicated by the same Latin adjectives might be different. In the Japanese language, those adjectives that have different meanings in other internationally accepted anatomical names were sometimes translated into different words. Because of this, some Japanese anatomical names were more concrete than the corresponding Latin anatomical names. It seemed that compound words and abbreviations, which can be formed easily in the Japanese language, made such expression possible.

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The purpose of this work was to investigate the physiological tooth displacement in function. We developed the tooth displacement transducer Type M-3 and measured the three dimensional displacement of the upper and lower left first molars in function. The summary is as follows: 1. Magnesensors were used in the tooth displacement transducer Type M-3. Its total weight was 48.7 g. and the measuring pressure was kept less than 0.4 g. It was fixed at the labial surface of the anterior teeth using a paraocclusal splint. 2. The linearity error of the transducer was less than 2% within a range of ±200 µm. 3. The upper left first molar showed displace­ment in the palatal and apical direction during clenching at the intercuspal position with habitual occlusal force or during the biting of articulating papers. The displacement varied between 40 and 136 µm. 4. The lower left first molar showed displacement in the apical and lingual direction during clenching at the intercuspal position or during the biting of articulating papers. The displacement varied between 29 and 65 µm. 5. The upper left first molar showed displacement in the palatal and apical direction during mastication. The displacement varied between 68 µm and 79 µm. The upper teeth moved first in the apical direction, then moved toward the labial direction. 6. In the lingual direction, the lower left first molar showed displacement ranging from 11 to 71 µm and 17 to 39 µm in the buccal direction during mastication.

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The purpose of this investigation was to compare the dynamic viscoelastic properties of various models composed of denture teeth and heatcured denture base resin. The specimens were porcelain and resin teeth mounted in denture base resin. Compressive dynamic stiffness and phase differences were measured with a viscoelastic spectrometer. Measurements of the viscoelastic frequency spectrum based on the fast Fourier transform of displacement to applied random forces were analyzed with a spectrum analyzer. The stiffness of the specimens was independent of the frequency. The stiffness of the porcelain specimens was higher than that of the resin ones measured under the same conditions. The phase lag of the specimens was dependent on the frequency. The phase lag of the porcelain specimens was lower than that of the resin ones measured under the same conditions. This study suggested that the acrylic resin teeth had greater toughness and higher shock-absorbing ability than the porcelain teeth, and that the porcelain teeth were more brittle than the acrylic resin ones, whether the teeth were isolated or in dentures.

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We have previously identified a novel gene, Nau (Neuron-specific gene, which has a number of AU-rich RNA instability motifs), from a quail spinal cord cDNA library. Nau expression was observed mainly in post-mitotic neuroblasts, especially in the stage of axonogenesis. In this study, we cloned its chick orthologue (cNau, 5069 bp), which encodes 369 amino acid residues. cNau's open reading frame has three highly conserved regions with rat STOP (stable tubule-only polypeptide). cNau may be an orthologue of STOP gene considering its uniqueness in zoo blot analysis and its sequence similarity. Both the genetic structure and temporo-spatial expression patterns indicate that the cNau gene may be related to axonogenesis. In the hindbrain, cNau mRNA was accumulated in rhombomere boundary regions and in the rhombomere 2, 4 and 6. These observations suggest a specific role of cNau in the hindbrain or the difference in development between the hindbrain and spinal cord.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the microbicidal effect of gaseous ozone with that of ozonated water in order to determine its usefulness as a method for disinfecting dentures. Although a large number of research studies have been done on the bactericidal effect of ozone, little is known about its microbicidal effects on oral microorganisms. Therefore, we tested the effect of ozone on three standard strains of oral microor­ganisms: Streptococcus mutans (strain IID 973), Staphylococcus aureus (strain 209-P), and Candida albicans (strain LAM 14322). When the gaseous ozone injection method was used, the numbers of cells of all three strains decreased to 1/10⁵ at 1min, and by 3 min they were below the detection limit. Thus, the microbicidal effect of gaseous ozone was ascertained in a short time. In contrast, when ozonated water at 1 ppm and 3 ppm was used, C. albicans decreased to 1/10. A 700 mg/h ozone production level was needed to prepare 1 ppm ozonated water, whereas 20 mg/h of ozone was required by the gaseous ozone generator. These findings indicate that direct exposure to gaseous ozone seems to be a more effective microbicide compared with ozonated water, and that gaseous ozone can be clinically useful for disinfection of dentures.

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To elucidate the mechanism for cell growth arrest in relation to apoptosis mediated by the p53 gene, I studied two p53-null human cancer cell lines (K562 and Jurkat) carrying a human p53 temperature sensitive (ts) mutant (p53138val). The cell growth in the newly established K562 cells carrying the ts mutant was arrested in G0/G1 at the permissive temperature (32.5℃), at least in part, due to induction of p21/waf1. In apoptosis-induced Jurkat cells upon temperature shift-down, a lower level of p21 induction relative to that of MDM2 was observed in comparison with that in K562 cells. Meanwhile, levels of bax and bcl-2 expression were relatively constant upon temperature shift-down in both cell lines. Studies on the phosphorylation pattern of Rb family proteins, and results of gelshift and antibody super-shift assays showed the accumulation of Rb/E2F complexes in growth-arrested K562 cells, but no such phenomenon was observed in Jurkat cells. Taken together, the results are consistent with the idea that a higher level of p21 expression and its subsequent Rb/E2F complex formation played an important role in the growth arrest of K562 cells.

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