The scope of the review has been confined to behavioral researches published mainly in the past two decades especially on patient-dentist relationship, dental anxiety, communication and patients’ satisfaction. In summary, it is concluded that there is not so much progress during the periodin the field of behavioral dentistry. Consequently, several recommendations are suggested for a future study of behavioral dentistry.

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We report in this article a new technique of sur­gical treatment of enterocutaneous or enterovaginal fistula after total cystectomy for three cases of bladder cancer. The surgical outcome was successful in these patients, showing good performance status after this operation. It would seem that this technique is a good indication for enteric fistulas in the bottom of the pelvic cavity, which were difficult to be managed even under the control of total parenteral nutrition.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the vibration of obturator framework designs and investigate the vibration effects of connecting parts of the components. Four designs of maxillary obturator framework were used in this study: a partial palatal plate with continuous bar (A), with a part of continuous bar (B), without continuous bar (C) and without continuous bar and indirect retainer (D). In order to investigate the vibration of each framework (total) and some component parts, the measurement points of the retentive parts were devided into 3 groups; anterior, middle and posterior. The framework was activated by a vibration generator. The vibration of each measurement point was detected with a laser doppler vibrometer. The frequency response signals were conducted by an FFT Analyzer between 220-2000 Hz. The maximum displacement (MDP) and the decay rate (DR) of the vibration were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD (p<0.05). The result showed that in the posterior group, MDP of D was higher than those of A, B and C. Regarding the anterior, middle and total group, the DR of D were lower than A, B and C. It was suggested that D might be clinically unfavorable.

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Intestines of mice with colitis caused by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) contain more Bacteroidaceae cells than untreated controls. We investigated the roles of intestinal bacteria and succinic acid, a by-product of Bacteroidaceae metabolism, in this model of colitis. CBA/J mice were given 3% DSS in water for 14 days. After mice were anesthetized and killed, concentrations of organic acids in stools from the cecum and colon were measured. The resected rectum and colon were washed with sterile saline; some specimens were incubated with imipenem in saline for 1 h to kill bacteria on the surfaces and others were not. Their homogenates were cultured anaerobically and aerobically. Separately, 1 mL of 20 mM succinic acid was infused into the rectum of mice, whose anal verge was glued. Animals were anesthetized and killed the next day. The rectum and colon were examined histologically. Concentrations of succinate were higher everywhere in the colon of mice with colitis than in controls. Mice with colitis had more Bacteroidaceae cells, especially B. caccae, than controls. Mice given succinate enemas had focal erosions of the mucosa and edema of the submucosa. Succinic acid, produced abundantly by members of the family Bacteroidaceae, especially B. caccae, may be the ulcerogenic agent in DSS colitis.

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