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Hisatsugu Goto, Atsushi Mitsuhashi, Yasuhiko Nishioka
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
1-6
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
ジャーナル
フリー
Surfactant protein A (SP-A) is a large multimeric protein found in the airways and alveoli of the lungs. SP-A is a member of the collectin family of proteins, characterized by NH2-terminal collagen-like regions and COOH-terminal lectin domains. Although other surfactant proteins such as SP-B function to reduce surface tension in the lungs, SP-A as well as SP-D regulates the pulmonary immune response. To date, a number of studies have shown the immunoregulatory function of SP-A, mainly in the field of infectious diseases. By binding to a wide variety of pathogens, SP-A opsonizes and enhances pathogen uptake by phagocytes. In addition to the effect on pathogens, recent studies have shown that SP-A also modulates lung immune system in the area of non-infectious lung diseases. In this review, the potential role of SP-A in the multiple aspects of pulmonary host defense will be discussed, focusing mainly on non-infectious lung diseases such as acute and chronic pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. J. Med. Invest. 61: 1-6, February, 2014
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Yoshiaki Kubo, Yoshihiro Matsudate, Nozomi Fukui, Ayaka Nakasuka, Maik ...
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
7-14
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
ジャーナル
フリー
Skin tumors are supposed to develop through accumulations of genetic and/or epigenetic events in normal cells of the skin. Among them, we focus on common skin tumors, including benign, seborrheic keratosis, and malignant, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. Many important molecules have been detected on the molecular tumorigenesis of each of them to date, and some drugs targeted for their molecules have been already developed. We review updates on the molecular tumorigenesis of these tumors with our current works. J. Med. Invest. 61: 7-14, February, 2014
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Hirotaka Sugino, Ichiro Hashimoto, Yuka Tanaka, Soshi Ishida, Yoshiro ...
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
15-21
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
ジャーナル
フリー
This retrospective study examined the validity of the commonly used serum albumin level as an indicator of nutrition status of patients with pressure ulcer(s), particularly because the serum albumin level is affected by various factors and may not be specific to malnutrition. Specifically, we investigated whether nutrition supply or inflammation affects the serum albumin level in 82 patients with pressure ulcers(s) (29 in whom pressure ulcer was present upon admission and 53 in whom pressure ulcer developed after hospital admission). Serum albumin levels, blood test including C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and blood count, caloric intake, and depth and healing of pressure ulcers were compared between various subgroups of patients. Serum albumin levels correlated with red blood cell counts and hemoglobin and CRP levels but not with caloric intake. The correlation with CRP before and after several weeks of pressure ulcer treatment was negative. The serum albumin level upon admission was higher in patients in whom the ulcer healed than in those in whom it did not heal as well as in patients who were discharged than in those who died in the hospital. The serum albumin level appears to reflect inflammation, wound healing, and disease severity rather than nutrition supply in patients with pressure ulcer. J. Med. Invest. 61: 15-21, February, 2014
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Mitsuhiko Takahashi, Toshinori Sakai, Koichi Sairyo, Shoichiro Takao, ...
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
22-27
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
ジャーナル
フリー
Background The accessory navicular bone is one of the most common accessory ossicles, which sometimes become symptomatic. Abnormalities in magnetic resonance (MR) image, e.g. edema-like bone marrow pattern, have been reported for symptomatic accessory navicular. However, it has not been completely understood the edema-like bone marrow pattern correlates to the symptom of navicular tuberosity. Methods We investigated the edema-like bone marrow pattern in correlation with alleviation of the symptom and the presence of accessory navicular bone. Ten adolescents with pain localized to the navicular tuberosity were recruited and seven cases were further examined with consecutive MR images. Results Edema-like bone marrow pattern was found in all symptomatic navicular but not in asymptomatic navicular. Intensity of the pattern diminished with alleviation of the symptom. Moreover, this correlation was recognized even in the patients who had no accessory navicular bones. Conclusions MR images could be used not only for diagnosis but for monitor of healing in adolescent symptomatic navicular. There may be different pathologic mechanism for adolescent symptomatic navicular tuberosity, such as an osteitis, in adolescents. J. Med. Invest. 61: 22-27, February, 2014
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Qing-Ri Jin, Yukiko Bando, Katsuyuki Miyawaki, Yosuke Shikama, Chisato ...
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
28-34
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
ジャーナル
フリー
Objects: Since serum level of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been implicated as a potential biomarker for the early detection of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, we examined how FGF21 serum levels are correlated with metabolic parameters in Japanese subjects. Methods: FGF21 levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Spearman's correlation and multiple stepwise regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between serum FGF21 and other factors. A Mann-Whitney U test was performed between the normal and high groups for triglycerides and systolic blood pressure (BP) respectively. Results: By univariate correlation analysis, serum FGF21 levels were significantly associated with triglyceride levels, systolic BP, diastolic BP, pulse pressure, body mass index (BMI), age, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, and total cholesterol levels. Multiple regression analysis (adjusted for age, gender, and BMI) showed that serum FGF21 levels were independently and significantly associated with triglyceride levels and systolic BP. Serum FGF21 levels were significantly higher in subjects with high triglyceride levels and high systolic BP compared with those who had normal triglyceride levels and normal systolic BP respectively. Conclusions: This study found that FGF21 levels might be a biomarker for some metabolic disorders associated with metabolic syndrome. J. Med. Invest. 61: 28-34, February, 2014
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Kunihisa Yamaguchi, Hirofumi Izaki, Masayuki Takahashi, Tomoharu Fukum ...
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
35-40
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
ジャーナル
フリー
Introduction: We evaluated changes in levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and testosterone following discontinuation of long-term hormone therapy for non-metastatic prostate cancer. Patients and Methods: Treatment was discontinued in 31 patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer (clinical stage B-C) after ≧5 years of hormone therapy, during which time PSA level had been maintained less than 0.5 ng/ml. PSA and testosterone levels were measured after discontinuation of therapy. PSA ≧4.0 ng/ml was defined as PSA relapse in this study. Results: Mean age at discontinuation of hormone therapy was 78.7 years (range, 66-90). Mean duration of follow-up after discontinuation of therapy was 25.5 months. PSA non-relapse rate was quite high (87.1%). 4 of the 31 patients showed PSA relapse, after 12-24 months. Testosterone level exceeded castration level (<1.0 ng/ml) in 3 patients, each of whom developed PSA relapse. Conclusions: During follow-up, the PSA relapse rate was relatively low. These results suggest that treatment may be safely discontinued in many prostate cancer patients. In addition, rate of testosterone recovery after treatment discontinuation may be associated with PSA relapse. When considered the adaptation of discontinued, or intermittent hormone therapy for aged people, these findings may be useful. J. Med. Invest. 61: 35-40, February, 2014
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Taijun Hana, Junya Iwama, Suguru Yokosako, Chika Yoshimura, Naoyuki Ar ...
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
41-45
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
ジャーナル
フリー
We aimed to determine the sensitivity of CT perfusion (CTP) for the diagnosis of cerebral infarction in the acute stage. We retrospectively reviewed patients with ischemic stroke who underwent brain CTP on arrival and MRI-diffusion weighted image (DWI) after hospitalization between October 2008 and October 2011. Final diagnosis was made from MRI-DWI findings and 87 patients were identified. Fifty-five out of 87 patients (63%) could be diagnosed with cerebral infarction by initial CTP. The sensitivity depends on the area size (s): 29% for S < 3cm2, 83% for S ≧ 3cm2 - < 6cm2, 88% for S ≧ 6cm2 - < 9cm2, 80% for S ≧ 9cm2 - < 12cm2, and 96% for S ≧ 12 cm2 (p<0.001). Sensitivity depends on the type of infarction: 0% for lacunar, 74% for atherothrombotic, and 92% for cardioembolism(p<0.001). Sensitivity is not correlated with hours after onset. CT perfusion is an effective imaging modality for the diagnosis and treatment decisions for acute stroke, particularly more serious strokes. J. Med. Invest. 61: 41-45, February, 2014
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Hitoshi Kubo, Tamaki Otani, Hideki Otsuka, Masafumi Harada
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
46-52
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
ジャーナル
フリー
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a cyclotron on small-animal PET equipment installed directly above the cyclotron. Methods: The cyclotron equipment was HM-12, which has two targets, and the PET/CT equipment was Inveon. The equipment was installed in conformity to Japanese law and regulations. Before installation of the PET/CT equipment, the radiation dose, radio waves, and static and fluctuating magnetic fields were measured at the position where it would be placed, both when the cyclotron was in use and when it was not in use. After installation of the PET/CT, natural background and emission counts were measured at the same place under the same conditions. Results: An increase of radiation dose was observed when the target nearest the PET equipment was used. There were no distinct effects of radio waves or static and fluctuating magnetic fields. A significant increase of emission counts, approximately 300 cpm, was observed when the nearest target was used. Conclusions: Though radio waves and static and fluctuating magnetic fields generated by running cyclotron had no influence, a significant increase in emission count was observed. Careful attention should be paid to this influence when very low-radioactivity PET measurements are done. J. Med. Invest. 61: 46-52, February, 2014
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Hayato Nose, Hideki Otsuka, Yoichi Otomi, Kaori Terazawa, Shoichiro Ta ...
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
53-58
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
ジャーナル
フリー
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physiological uptake pattern of 18F-FDG in the left ventricular myocardium of patients under preparation for tumor FDG-PET. Patients and Methods: We enrolled 188 patients without cardiac disease. The accumulation patterns were classified as either ‘none', ‘diffuse', ‘focal' or ‘focal on diffuse'. When a focal uptake was only observed on the basal wall, then the patterns were classified as having either a ‘ring', ‘over half' or ‘spot' uptake. Results: The frequencies of the myocardial FDG uptake patterns were as follows: none, n=52 (27.7%); diffuse, n=63 (33.5%); focal on diffuse, n=40 (21.3%) and focal, n=33 (17.6%). The age, blood glucose level, weight and dose of FDG did not differ significantly for each pattern. The focal and focal on diffuse patterns were seen in 73 patients, and 65 patients had a focal uptake only on the basal wall; ring uptake in 29 patients, over half in 20 and spot uptake in 16 patients. Conclusions: The physiological myocardial uptake showed several patterns. Focal uptake was often seen in patients with cardiac disease, but it did not always indicate an abnormal finding when the accumulation was only on the basal wall. J. Med. Invest. 61: 53-58, February, 2014
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Hirokazu Takechi, Kazuaki Mawatari, Nagakatsu Harada, Yutaka Nakaya, M ...
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
59-64
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
ジャーナル
フリー
Supportive therapy during chemotherapy has become essential, but effective preventive therapies to gastrointestinal mucosal injury are few. We investigated the efficacy of glutamine in rat anticancer drug-induced enteritis model. In this study, we used twenty male SD rats. They were divided into control, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (orally administered at 20 mg/kg day), 5-FU+glutamine (1000 mg/kg/day) and 5-FU+glutamine+fiber and oligosaccharide (GFO®) (1000 mg/kg/day) groups. All groups were sacrificed on day 6 and upper jejunums were excised. The jejunal villous height was measured in specimens. IgA level in jejunal washing solution, and serum diamine oxidase activity were also measured. The jejunal villous height was recognized as shorter in the specimen from 5-FU treated rats compared with 5-FU+glutamine treated rats (p<0.001). Serum diamine oxidase activity in 5-FU+glutamine group were significantly superior to that in 5-FU group (p=0.028). IgA level in jejunal washing solution tended to be higher in 5-FU+glutamine group than that in 5-FU group (p=0.076). On the other hand, serum diamine oxidase activity and IgA level in jejunal washing solution showed no significant difference between 5-FU+GFO and 5-FU treatment group. Our results suggest that glutamine showed protective effects on mucosal injury of small intestine in rat anticancer drug-induced enteritis model. J. Med. Invest. 61: 59-64, February, 2014
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Hirobumi Niki, Toshiya Matsuzaki, Riyo Kinouchi, Takeshi Iwasa, Takako ...
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
65-71
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
ジャーナル
フリー
Hyperandrogenemia has become an important factor in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), in Japan as well as Western countries, since the Japanese PCOS diagnostic criteria were revised in 2007. The revised electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) reagent for total testosterone (T) (ECLusys TESTO II; New T assay), which has lower cross-reactivity with DHEA-S than the previous reagent (ECLusys TESTO I; Old T assay), has recently been developed. We studied the improvement between New and Old T assays in regards to the diagnostic performance of serum T for patients with PCOS. Serum T levels were measured in both normal women (Control, n=92) and PCOS patients (n=86). The rate of elevated T using each kit was significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the Control group, and significantly higher using New T assay (38/86, 44.2%) compared with Old T assay (26/86, 30.2%). A significant correlation was found between T level and body mass index, but not LH level. Furthermore, higher detection rates of hormonal abnormalities were seen in PCOS patients using combined measurement of both T and LH (63/80) compared with single measurement of either T (37/80) or LH (36/80). Therefore, the serum T assay is essential for the diagnosis of PCOS, and New T assay combined with the LH assay may improve the diagnostic process for PCOS. J. Med. Invest. 61: 65-71, February, 2014
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Saiko Shikanai, Ly Koung Ry, Hitomi Takeichi, Suzuki Emiko, Pann San, ...
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
72-78
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
ジャーナル
フリー
Because of the tastiness of sugars, it is easy to consume more than an adequate amount. There are many research reports that excess sugar intake contributes to dental decay, obesity, diabetes etc. Continuing economic development in Cambodia has made it easier than before for people to consume sugars in their daily life. Currently, isomerized sugar (a mixture of glucose and fructose) made from starches is commonly used in commercial beverages because of its low price. However, in Cambodia and Japan, sugar composition tables that include not only sucrose but also glucose, fructose, lactose and maltose have not been available. Prior to the present nutrition surveys, we made sugar composition tables for both countries. In this study we tried to estimate the intakes of various sugars by children in Cambodia and Japan and to determine the relationship between intake and body weight. Nutrition surveys of children aged 7, 10 and 13 years old were conducted for 3 nonconsecutive days by the 24 h recall method in 89 Cambodian children living in the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, and 151 Japanese children living in 3 prefectures from north to south. Height and weight of children in Cambodia and Japan were similar until 10 years old but at 13 years old, the Cambodians were shorter and lighter than the Japanese. We could not observe any differences in BMI in either country. The sugar intakes from beverages and snacks were not different among the different gender and age. Thus we combined the mean total sugar intake for Cambodian and Japanese, 28.42 ± 25.28 g and 25.69 ± 16.16 g respectively. These were within the range of WHO recommendations (less than 10% of energy intakes). Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugars from commercial beverages and snacks and Japanese children 26%. This means that for Cambodians half of the sugars came from isomerized sugar made from starches. Relationships between sugar intake and body weight were not observed in both countries. In conclusion, the Cambodian children consumed about 46% of sugar from glucose and fructose (probably in the form of isomerized sugar), while the Japanese children took 26%; however, the intakes in both countries met the WHO recommendation and there was no relationship to body weight. J. Med. Invest. 61: 72-78, February, 2014
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Yuki Hosono, Kazuyoshi Kitaoka, Ryo Urushihara, Hiroyoshi Séi, Yohsuk ...
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
79-83
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
ジャーナル
フリー
It has been reported that negative emotional changes and conditions affect the visual faculties of humans at the neural level. On the other hand, the effects of emotion on color perception in particular, which are based on evoked potentials, are unknown. In the present study, we investigated whether different anxiety levels affect the color information processing for each of 3 wavelengths by using flash visual evoked potentials (FVEPs) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. In results, significant positive correlations were observed between FVEP amplitudes and state or trait anxiety scores in the long (sensed as red) and middle (sensed as green) wavelengths. On the other hand, short-wavelength-evoked FVEPs were not correlated with anxiety level. Our results suggest that negative emotional conditions may affect color sense processing in humans. J. Med. Invest. 61: 79-83, February, 2014
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Reiko Okahisa, Toshiko Tada
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
84-93
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
ジャーナル
フリー
This study aimed to develop a Strengths Measurement Scale (SMS) for assessment of people in the process of transforming their own lifestyle, and to examine the reliability and validity of the SMS. This is to establish a foothold for introducing the Strengths Model into health guidance for the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases. We conducted an anonymous, voluntary questionnaire survey with our SMS comprising 38 items proposed in a preliminary investigation. In total, 1,339 Japanese adults participated, and responses from 1,160 participants (effective response rate of 86.6%) were analyzed. We calculated Cronbach's alpha coefficient for testing the reliability. To test the validity, we examined the construct validity through exploratory factor analyses. Based on the results of the factor analysis performed on the 38 question items of the SMS, we adopted four factors and 36 question items. Cronbach's alpha coefficients of all the factors were 0.80 or above. There were significant, positive correlations between the SMS and the Modified Perceived Health Competence Scale (PHCS), and between the SMS and the Adolescent Resilience Scale (ARS). The reliability and validity of the SMS for the lifestyle transformation process were confirmed, suggesting that the scale is applicable to health guidance for preventing lifestyle-related diseases. J. Med. Invest. 61: 84-93, February, 2014
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Michiko Takeda, Toshiko Tada
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
94-102
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
ジャーナル
フリー
The purpose of this study is to create and evaluate a program to enhance the mutual-assistance capability of community members to safeguard their health during time spent in evacuation shelters after a disaster. In previous research, “Supporting people in need of assistance after a disaster,” the participants' awareness of the need for mutual assistance was low and their relevant knowledge and skills were insufficient. Accordingly, this became a priority in the developed program. Twenty-eight people at six different facilities participated in the program. We collected data using a questionnaire survey and group interview with the participants. After conducting the program, the participants' mean scores of mutual-assistance capability were higher than the mean pre-study scores for 25 out of 26 items. The results of group interview implied that the participants acquired [Realization of issues], and not only shared a [Sense of crisis among participants] but also felt a [Sense of responsibility for mutual assistance in the community]. We considered that our mutual-assistance training program at the time of a disaster is effective for developing mutual assistance for safeguarding health where local residents are unprepared to support those in evacuation shelters requiring assistance after a disaster. J. Med. Invest. 61: 94-102, February, 2014
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Satomi Nakagi, Toshiko Tada
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
103-117
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
ジャーナル
フリー
This study aimed to clarify the relationship between identity development stages and attitudes towards death among Japanese senior citizens. The subjects were recruited from among approximately 500 students attending educational courses for senior citizens in Prefecture A. We collected the data by using the questionnaire and interview. The contents of questionnaire were Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory (EPSI) and Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R). In the interview, we represented the four developmental stages, and asked the questions from birth to the present. The collection rate was 85.4% (427 subjects). And 10 subjects participated in the interview. In relation to correlations between the EPSI sub-factors and the DAP-R subscales, there were moderately strong, negative correlations between “Integrity” and “Fear of death” and between “Integrity”and “Avoidance of death”. In relation to the subjects' reflections on their lives, the following four categories were extracted: [Trust relationships with others], [Self-confidence regarding my own efforts], [Wanting to contribute to society], and [Let things be as they are]. These results suggested that the accomplishment of “Integrity”, which is the developmental task in the maturity stage, leads to the attitude of accepting one's whole life. Further, we have clarified that “Integrity” promotes the acceptance of death. J. Med. Invest. 61: 103-117, February, 2014
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Bei Zhou, Hisami Yamanaka-Okumura, Sayaka Seki, Hiroshi Tatano, Chisak ...
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
118-125
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
ジャーナル
フリー
In general, vegetables are abundantly consumed in a calorie-restricted diet to achieve sufficient satiety through fresh food or various cooking methods. In this study, we examined the effects of different cooking methods on appetite and specific perceptions of the food after consumption; eating approaches were also analyzed by meal duration. A total of 153 individuals aged 20-59 years were assigned to 2 groups: raw vegetable or boiled vegetable meals, including packed meals that were served as test meals with the same energy and vegetable amount. Subjective levels of sensory properties and meal duration were assessed over time using visual analog scales, including questionnaires. Results showed that meal duration was significantly longer for raw vegetable meals than boiled vegetable meals, and there were significantly stronger correlations between meal duration and fullness. A higher degree of fullness was provided by a raw vegetable meal than a boiled vegetable meal, especially in men. However, an excess of raw vegetables led to overall insufficient satisfaction. Taken together, these findings suggest that cooking methods should be altered for different situations with an adequate amount of vegetables, and the meal duration should be recommended to be given as much attention as cooking methods. J. Med. Invest. 61: 118-125, February, 2014
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Arya Adiningrat, Ayako Tanimura, Keiko Miyoshi, Ryna Dwi Yanuaryska, H ...
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
126-136
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
ジャーナル
フリー
Tooth development relies on the interaction between the oral ectoderm and underlying mesenchyme, and is regulated by a complex genetic cascade. This transcriptional cascade is regulated by the spatiotemporal activation and deactivation of transcription factors. The specificity proteins 6 (Sp6) and chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor-interacting protein 2 (Ctip2) were identified in loss-of-function studies as key transcription factors required for tooth development. Ctip2 binds to the Sp6 promoter in vivo; however, its role in Sp6 expression remains unclear. In this study, we investigated Sp6 transcriptional regulation by Ctip2. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Sp6 and Ctip2 colocalize in the rat incisor during tooth development. We examined whether Ctip2 regulates Sp6 promoter activity in dental epithelial cells. Cotransfection experiments using serial Sp6 promoter-luciferase constructs and Ctip2 expression plasmids showed that Ctip2 significantly suppressed the Sp6 second promoter activity, although the Sp6 first promoter activity was unaffected. Ctip2 was able to bind to the proximal region of the Sp6 first promoter, as previously demonstrated, and also to the novel distal region of the first, and second promoter regions. Our findings indicate that Ctip2 regulates Sp6 gene expression through direct binding to the Sp6 second promoter region. J. Med. Invest. 61: 126-136, February, 2014
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Taigo Horiguchi, Miyuki Fuka, Koichi Fujisawa, Ayako Tanimura, Keiko M ...
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
137-150
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
ジャーナル
フリー
Adenylate kinase isozyme 2 (AK2) is located in mitochondrial intermembrane space and regulates energy metabolism by reversibly converting ATP and AMP to 2 ADPs. We previously demonstrated that disruption of the Drosophila melanogaster AK2 gene (Dak2) resulted in growth arrest during the larval stage and subsequent death. Two other groups found that human AK2 mutations cause reticular dysgenesis, a form of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) that is associated with severe hematopoietic defects and sensorineural deafness. However, the mechanisms underlying differential outcomes of AK2 deficiency in Drosophila and human systems remain unknown. In this study, effects of tissue-specific inactivation of the Dak2 gene on Drosophila development were analyzed using RNAi-mediated gene knockdown. In addition, to investigate the roles of AK2 in the regulation of gene expression during development, microarray analysis was performed using RNA from first and second instar larvae of Dak2-deficient mutant and wild-type D. melanogaster. Knockdown of Dak2 in all germ layers caused cessation of growth and subsequent death of flies. Microarray analysis revealed that Dak2 deficiency downregulates various genes, particularly those involved in the proteasomal function and in mitochondrial translation machinery. These data indicate that adenine nucleotide interconversion by Dak2 is crucial for developmental processes of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Med. Invest. 61: 137-150, February, 2014
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Hiroki Ishibashi, Hiroki Mori, Keigo Yada, Mitsuo Shimada, Tomoko Soga ...
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
151-155
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
ジャーナル
フリー
The ideal method for varicocelectomy in children remains controversial. We present our experience with dye-assisted lymphatic-sparing laparoscopic varicocelectomy (LSLV) in children, which overcomes the limitations of previously described techniques. Materials and methods: Five consecutive LSLVs were performed over a period of three years on children with a mean age of twelve years. The varicocele grade was three in one case and grade 2 in four cases, respectively. A left subdartos injection of 2 ml of Indigo carmine dye was done using a 25-gauge needle at ten minutes before an operation. A scrotal injection of lymphatic dye was utilized to spare at least one lymphatic and the remaining spermatic vessels were divided. Results: Lymphatic-sparing was accomplished in all cases. No peri-operative complication was noted. We spared one lymphatic channel in one patient (20%) and two channels in four patients (80%). There were no cases of hydrocele or residual varicocele. Conclusion: Dye-assisted LSLV is easily accomplished with an excellent surgical outcome and sparing one or two lymphatics appears to be sufficient to avoid secondary hydrocele. J. Med. Invest. 61: 151-155, February, 2014
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Kenji Tani, Harutaka Yamaguchi, Saaya Tada, Saki Kondo, Ryo Tabata, Sh ...
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
156-161
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
ジャーナル
フリー
In this study, we administered a questionnaire to medical students to evaluate the effect of community-based clinical education on their attitudes to community medicine and medicine in remote area. Questionnaires were given 4 times to all the students from first-year to sixth-year. Of 95 students, 65 students (68.4%) who completed all questionnaires, were used in this study. The intensity of students' attitudes was estimated by using visual analogue scale. The intensity of interest, a sense of fulfillment and passion in medicine of remote area was significantly increased after the community-based practice. On the other hand, the level of understanding in medicine in remote area was increased by the lecture not by the practice. The intensity of desire both to become a generalist and a specialist was significantly increased when the grade went up. Most of sixth-year students desired to have abilities of a generalist and a specialist simultaneously. This study shows that the community-based practice is more meaningful in increasing motivation in medicine in remote area than the lecture, and suggests that it is important to prepare more courses to experience community medicine to increase the number of physicians who desire to work in remote area. J. Med. Invest. 61: 156-161, February, 2014
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Ritsuko Ohnishi, Hiroko Segawa, Tomoyo Ohmoto, Shohei Sasaki, Ai Hanaz ...
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
162-170
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
ジャーナル
フリー
Dietary inorganic phosphate (Pi) is the most important factor in the regulation of renal Pi excretion. Recent studies suggest the presence of an enteric-renal signaling axis for dietary Pi as well as the existence of a mechanism by which the intestine detects changes in luminal Pi concentrations. The mechanisms of intestinal Pi sensing, however, are unknown. In the present study, we focused on Pi depletion signals and investigated the effects of dietary components on intestinal Pi sensing. After feeding rats experimental diets for 3 days, we investigated urinary Pi excretion and plasma biochemical parameters. Renal Pi excretion was suppressed in rats fed a low-Pi diet (0.02% Pi). Elimination of dietary calcium (Ca) completely blocked the suppression of Pi excretion, suggesting that the presence of Ca is essential for the Pi depletion signal. Furthermore, a minimum Ca content of more than 0.02% was necessary for the Pi depletion signal. Magnesium, lanthanum, and strontium, which are agonists of calcium sensing receptor, instead of Ca, reduced Pi excretion. Therefore, dietary Ca appears to be important for the Pi depletion-sensing mechanism in the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, the calcium sensing receptor may be involved in the Pi depletion signal. J. Med. Invest. 61: 162-170, February, 2014
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Yoichi Otomi, Hideki Otsuka, Kaori Terazawa, Hayato Nose, Michiko Kubo ...
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
171-179
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
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Introduction The utility of FDG PET/CT for the detection and evaluation of invasive ductal carcinoma has been widely reported, but a few studies have assessed the utility of FDG PET/CT to detect malignancy in a variety of pancreatic lesions other than invasive ductal carcinoma. Purpose To compare the diagnostic performance of visual estimation with the semi-quantitative scores of FDG PET/CT for detecting malignancy in a variety of pancreatic lesions other than invasive ductal carcinoma. Material and Methods Images of pathologically proven pancreatic lesions from 32 patients were retrospectively evaluated: 14 benign lesions, 7 borderline (low malignant) lesions, and 11 malignant lesions. The average scores from visual estimation by the two observers were compared to two semi-quantitative analyses of FDG uptake in the lesions, namely the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean). Results Visual analysis value, SUVmax and SUVmean were 0.33 ± 0.21, 1.8 ± 0.7 and 1.5 ± 0.7 for the benign lesions, 0.70 ± 0.28, 5.0 ± 2.6 and 3.1 ± 1.7 for the borderline lesions, and 0.73 ± 0.18, 4.7 ± 2.5 and 3.2 ± 1.6 for the malignant lesions, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed the areas under the curves for detecting non-benign (malignant or borderline) lesions through visual analysis, SUVmax, and SUVmean were 0.914, 0.954,and 0.875, respectively. Conclusion For a variety of pancreatic lesions other than invasive ductal carcinoma, visual analysis and semi-quantitative analyses all showed strong diagnostic performance. However, semi-quantitative analysis with SUVmax proved to be the most effective method for detecting non-benign pancreatic lesions. J. Med. Invest. 61: 171-179, February, 2014
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Kayo Taguchi, Hisami Yamanaka-Okumura, Akira Mizuno, Taki Nakamura, Mi ...
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
180-189
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
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Glucose intolerance characterized by postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia is commonly seen in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). The aim of this study is to clarify the relation between glucose intolerance and disorder of liver function in patients with LC. The 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (75 g OGTT) and the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp combined with 0.2 g/kg oral glucose load (HECGL) were conducted in 61 patients with LC. Based on the results of 75 g OGTT, the 61 patients with LC were divided into groups, 21 (34.4%) patients with normal glucose tolerance (LC-NGT), 12 (19.7%) patients with impaired glucose tolerance (LC-IGT) and 28 (45.9%) patients with diabetes mellitus (LC-DM). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level was normal in 50 (82.0%) patients with LC. All patients with LC showed insulin resistance in both peripheral (skeletal and adipose) and hepatic tissues evaluated by HECGL, although significant correlation between the degree of glucose intolerance and the severity of hepatic dysfunction was not observed. Insulin resistance in both liver and peripheral tissues is the early sign in the patients with LC. This fact indicates that nutritional care from early stages of LC would be necessary in the patients. J. Med. Invest. 61: 180-189, February, 2014
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Nobuaki Yamamoto, Yuka Terasawa, Junichiro Satomi, Ryoma Morigaki, Koj ...
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
190-196
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
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Ischemic vessel signs (IVS) can be detected on 3-tesla T2*-weighted magnetic resonance images as a vessel enlargement at the territory of acute ischemia caused by major vessel occlusion or stenosis. Here, we studied changes in IVS before and after recanalization by the administration of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rtPA), carotid artery stenting or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in patients with major vessel occlusion or stenosis. We performed magnetic resonance imaging for all patients treated by IV rtPA at the time of admission, shortly after and 24-72 hours after treatment with IV rtPA. We reviewed the IVS to assess its natural course of IVS by assessing patients who did not recanalize. IVS tended to disappear after recanalization. Conversely,in patients without recanalization, IVS did not disappear shortly after IV rtPA; rather, it disappeared 24-72 hours after IV rtPA, especially in the presence of complete infarction. Recanalization by IV rtPA or endovascular treatment contributed to improved clinical deficits or the prevention from further progression. IVS can be a parameter of misery perfusion and an important factor to detect the patients who have an indication of treatment for recanalization. J. Med. Invest. 61: 190-196, February, 2014
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Toshinori Sakai, Ryo Miyagi, Eiko Yamabe, Yasunari Fujinaga, Nitin N. ...
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
197-203
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
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Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed on a healthy 31-year-old man with asymptomatic lumbar disc herniation. Although the left S1 nerve root was obviously entrapped by a herniated mass, neither DWI nor DTI showed any significant findings for the nerve root. Decreased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and increased fractional anisotropy (FA) values were found. These results are contrary to those in previously published studies of symptomatic patients, in which a combination of increased ADC and decreased FA seem to have a relationship with nerve injury and subsequent symptoms, such as leg pain or palsy. Our results seen in an asymptomatic subject suggest that the compressed nerve with no injury, such as edema, demyelination, or persistent axonal injury, may be indicated by a combination of decreased ADC and increased FA. ADC and FA could therefore be potential tools to elucidate the pathomechanism of radiculopathy. J. Med. Invest. 61: 197-203, February, 2014
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Hajime Kinoshita, Eiki Fujimoto, Hitoshi Sogabe, Hiroshi Fujita, Taisu ...
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
204-207
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
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It may be difficult to access a route to deliver a stent-graft for abdominal aortic aneurysm in high-risk patients with bilateral iliofemoral occlusive disease. These two patients underwent both endovascular aortic aneurysm repair by a modified iliac access conduit technique and sequential ipsilateral iliofemoral artery bypass using the conduit, which provided excellent results. The iliac access conduit facilitates endovascular aortic aneurysm repair and ipsilateral iliofemoral bypass of high-risk patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm and bilateral iliofemoral occlusive disease. J. Med. Invest. 61: 204-207, February, 2014
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Katsuyoshi Kume, Yasuo M. Tsutsumi, Tomohiro Soga, Yoko Sakai, Noriko ...
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
208-212
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
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We describe a case of a 39-year-old woman diagnosed with placenta percreta complicated by massive hemorrhage during a cesarean section. At 27 weeks of gestation, she underwent an emergency cesarean section under general anesthesia for vaginal bleeding and an intrauterine infection. Soon after delivery, a massive hemorrhage was encountered while attempting to separate the placenta percreta from the bladder wall. Although total abdominal hysterectomy and partial cystectomy were performed, massive hemorrhaging persisted. Bleeding was finally controlled following bilateral internal iliac artery embolization. We used a cell salvage device and a rapid infuser for hemodynamics stabilization. Total blood loss was 47,000 mL, and anesthesia time was 12 h and 47 min. The patient was discharged on the 32nd postoperative day without major complications. Placenta accreta can be associated with life-threatening hemorrhage and it is vital to plan accordingly preoperatively. J. Med. Invest. 61: 208-212, February, 2014
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Hiroki Ishibashi, Takehito Oshio, Tomoko Sogami, Akira Nii, Hiroki Mor ...
2000 年 40 巻 1.2 号 p.
213-216
発行日: 2000/03/31
公開日: 2020/05/02
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Iliopsoas abscess (IPA) is uncommon in childhood and very rare in the neonate and infant. We present a case of IPA after an umbilical granuloma in an infant. A baby girl with a birth weight of 2,970 g was born at thirty-seven weeks and two days gestation by Caesarean Section. On the fourteenth day after birth, her umbilicus was wet and developed the granulomatous formation. At two months of age, she presented with right leg and groin swelling with mild bluish discoloration and without fever. She had poor movement of her right leg and showed apparent discomfort. Her umbilicus was dry and there was no granulomatous material. Ultrasonography and computed tomography demonstrated an iliopsoas abscess in the right position. Therefore, an extraperitoneal surgical drainage was performed, aspirating yellowish pus. Culture of the purulent material revealed Staphylococcus aureus. Systemic antibiotic therapy was continued for ten days. After three days of drainage, full-range motion of the right leg was gained, and then after eleven days, CT findings comfirmed the disappearance of the iliopsoas abscess. IPA is extremely rare and it is difficult to diagnose. However, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of an infant with poor leg movement and swelling of the groin to the femur. J. Med. Invest. 61: 213-216, February, 2014
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