The 43^rd Annual Congress of Japanese College of Surgeons (President, Satoru Takeda), hosted by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University, was held at Toranomon Hills (Tokyo) between June 21 and 23, 2018. The Japanese College of Surgeons (JCS) is a traditional academic society that was long presided over by Professor Keijiro Suruga from the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Juntendo University. The 43^rd Annual Congress of the JCS was planned and organized by Juntendo University Hospital in cooperation with the departments of surgery, radiology, pharmacy, and nursing of Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, and Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center. Juntendo University has long been reputed for its excellent surgical departments. We prepared for this annual congress in cooperation with the surgical departments to live up to this reputation. As a result, the congress was significant and successful with the participation of 704 people including guests.

Having realized that an inclusive society is a legacy of sports events, the Japan Sports Agency (JSA), established in October 2015, has focused on promoting sports for people with disabilities to ensure the success of the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics. Currently, sports participation of people with disabilities is much lower than that of adults without disabilities because of social barriers. The Second Sports Basic Plan aims to increase the rate of sports participation among disabled people in various ways. As sports for persons with disabilities have a strong link to medical rehabilitation and treatment, medical professionals hold a crucial role in ensuring the success of promoting participation.

The International Federation of Football Association (FIFA) and Japan Football Association (JFA) are attempting various measures for football players to play in a better environment. However, in Europe, for two consecutive days in May 2016, two professional football players collapsed and died on the pitch, and the ongoing incidents of heatstroke associated with global warming are an undeniable reality. Tokyo 2020 will take place during hot summer weather, medical safety measures aimed at making Japan safe not only for athletes but also for people visiting from abroad are a matter of urgency. Here, we will discuss the present state of the medical support system of the JFA Medical Committee and efforts dedicated to Tokyo 2020.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate basketball related injury and describe medical support for basketball players.

Materials: Data were collected retrospectively for ten consecutive seasons from a men’s professional basketball team that presently belongs to the B.League. Cumulative total number of players were 139.

Methods: An injury was defined as follows: (1) developed as a result of participation in basketball practice or competition, (2) diagnosed by a team physician or trainer, and (3) resulted in restriction of participation for more than one day after the injury.

Results: A total of 190 injuries developed, with an injury rate of 6.4 per 1,000 AE (12.5 and 4.8 for competition and practice, respectively). The risk of injury was significantly higher in competition than that in practice. The ankle was the most common injury site, and ligament sprain was the most common diagnosis.

Conclusions: We investigated basketball related injury and described medical support for basketball players. It is important for the team physician to recognize characteristics of basketball injury and specific medical problems.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can differentiate into various cell types including neural cells. Because dopaminergic neurons selectively degrade in Parkinson’s disease, efficiently inducing stem cell differentiation into dopaminergic neurons is necessary for modeling Parkinson’s disease. My collaborators and I recently developed a neurosphere-based neural induction method that efficiently differentiates T cell-derived iPSCs into neural cells. We established a protocol that uses this method to efficiently and specifically induce differentiation of iPSCs into dopaminergic neurons typical of the midbrain. Furthermore, we have found that treating iPSCs with a combination of 3 inhibitors can induce a transient embryoid-like state that accelerates the expression of pathological phenotypes as the cells mature into neurons. These techniques provide a basis for efficient iPSC-based neurological disease modeling that can be used for high-throughput drug screening.

Objectives: The early detection of neurodevelopmental disorders is critical for children born prematurely. Therefore, we examined whether Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID-III) data were correlated with subsequent cognitive function among very-low-birthweight (VLBW) children at 6 years of age.

Methods: We included 30 VLBW children (17 males, 13 females) born at a mean gestational age of 28.5 weeks (mean birth weight, 1,015 g). Developmental status was assessed using the BSID-III at 3 years old and the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) at 6 years old. We compared the general cognitive scores and subtest scores of children at these ages.

Results: The BSID-III cognitive, language, and motor composite scores were significantly correlated with the K-ABC mental processing composite score (Spearman’s correlation coefficient=0.68, 0.66, and 0.60, respectively). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the language composite score of the BSID-III was most strongly associated with the mental processing composite score of the K-ABC (β=0.61, p=0.02).

Conclusions: BSID-III scores at 3 years of age were correlated with general cognitive abilities at 6 years of age. However, our results suggest that the language scales of the BSID-III may better predict later cognitive characteristics in VLBW children. Clinically, children with language impairment should be carefully followed for their cognitive abilities into school age.

Objective: This study was performed to validate PCR-based testing for surveillance of Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) in a pediatric ward in response to an outbreak of drug resistant A. baumannii (ISAba1/^blaOXA-51-like) in our tertiary care hospital.

Materials: All children who were admitted to the pediatric ward were included in this study. The surveillance study was carried out from March 2012 to December 2013.

Methods: After collecting samples from all children in our pediatric ward, PCR analyses were conducted. ISAba1/^blaOXA-51-like gene-positive patients were isolated from other patients and strict standard precautionary procedures for infection control were put into practice.

Results: During the survey period, a total of 1,038 children underwent surveillance on admission. Of the 16 cases of Acinetobacter baumannii colonization identified during surveillance, 6 were positive for the ISAba1/^blaOXA-51-like gene, and all ISAba1/^blaOXA-51-like gene-positive patients received mechanical ventilation. No new ISAba1/^blaOXA-51-like gene-positive cases were identified during the last six months of surveillance. However, among the 10 ISAba1/^blaOXA-51-like gene-negative A. baumannii cases, 3 were neonates transferred from the same gynecological hospital.

Conclusion: PCR-based testing was effective for stopping transmission of an A. baumannii outbreak in a pediatric ward. This event emphasized the importance of surveillance and interfacility communication among hospitals for prevention of infection outbreaks.

A 51-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with no clinical symptoms. He had previously undergone surgical clipping of an unruptured, anterior communicating aneurysm (AComA) using an interhemispheric approach. Post operative angiography revealed a small remnant AComA with a narrow neck. To prevent rebleeding, the patient underwent endovascular coil embolization for the complex remnant aneurysm, our skills and experiences allowed us to treat this complex case via an endovascular procedure. We conclude that endovascular coil embolization can efficiently treat a small remnant aneurysm after clipping.