This paper briefly describes how to transport a vast amount of water as city-water to the seaside towns on the side of the Pacific Ocean from the Yakusima Island which is very much abundant in rainfall. The transportation method is as follows. Instead of using water tanker, submergible tank-barges which consist of a pontoon and a foldable cylindrical tank( dimension: D=50-60m, H=50-55m, vol.=100-150thousand m³ ) made of synthetic resins or rubber are loaded with water at the Yakus i ma Island and submerged about 30m into the Kurosio, the Japan Current. And then, for about 10 days, it floats under the oceanic current to sea area nearby the Izu islands and rises to sea surface. Then the water is trasnf erred to a water tanker, which comes to a seaside town, Tokyo. The empty tank-barges are loaded on a submergible transport-barge under sea, which is tugged by a tugboat toward the Yaku s ima Island. Thus those empty tank-barges return home. This water transportation method can become an entire new system for water transportation using oceanic current. Three hundred thousand m³ /day, equal to about one hundred million m³ /year of water can be transported. This system has some effects of improving the city water quality and supporting city water quantity at dry weather and characterizes itself by being of environmental harmony and gentle to the Earth.

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Maximum energy density of moist up-draft wind power generation is calculated on the basis of surface temperature of atmosphere, temperature of saturated up-draft, and pressure of atmosphere at high altitude. And, time-dependent variation of the maximum energy density is calculated for sea area of southeast of Japan. The maximum energy density has time-dependence caused by change of aerological condition. In order to obtain constant maximum density against variation of aerological condition, adjustment of initial temperature of updraft within ±2°C is required.

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Several global environmental issues have been focussed and discussed independently, however they are deeply connected with each other. In the present paper, desertif ication issue, including utilization of desert area is discussed from the view points of global warming ane enery issues. Firstly, the relation between the surface ecosystem and carbon dioxide problem is discussed. Next, the possibilities of alternative energy source to wood which is one of causes of desertification, and energy production in the desert are discussed with environmental issues. These points of view will be key factors when human beings should utilize the desert as the last land resource on the planet.

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Due to the spreading of global environmental problems, the sustainabi 1 ity of our society is now being questioned; manufacturing which is friendly to the environment is called for; and production engineering appropriate for sustainable growth must be designed. In other words, destruction of the environment has reached such an extent that measures must now be taken on a global scale. So how should manufacturing and production engineering tackle global environmental problems which may endanger the existence of humankind? Is there any limit to the measures needed? It is shown in the paper that the growth of global environmental problems is due to the development of modernization through construction of an artificial environment, and a new concept is proposed for manufacturing, which plays a central role in the construction of humans' artificial environment.

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Few years ago, the style of the patent application specification was changed to that with titles in each paragraph by Patent Law. According with this change of the style, judicial precedents are changing at different points from that of the amendment. This study is on the point of the tendency of the recent judicial precedents comparison with that of the US style, which indicats important points on a specification. And also regarding patent rights, it is discrived with examples how important to manage a patent depend on a field of it.

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