It is clinically recognized that the operative therapy of the lumber intervertebral disc herniation offer one of the promising procedures. However, it has also been encountered not uncommonly that some of the cases who had had operative procedure complain post-operative symptomes.
This could be explained on basis of the excessive scar formation in epidural region and adjacent region of the nerve root which may cause irritation of the nerve clinically. This investigation is undertaken to evaluate the versatility of the free adiposal tissue transplantation in the extradural space to prevent the excessive scar formation which may take place post-operatively from the experimental and clinical point of view.
1) Adult rabbits were served as materials. The adiposal tissues were excised from the subcutaneous tissue of the back and neck as well as the greater omentum and the tissue was transplanted in the epidural space of the rabbits which underwent the laminectomy. The experimental animals were sacrified chronologically at 1, 3 and 6 months after an operation and the appropriate sections were taken and submitted for conventional light microscopic observation. Even after 6 months after laminectomy, the transplanted adiposal tissues were retained at the site of laminectomy and obviously inhibiting the causation of the adhesion of the dura and adjacent tissue.
2) Clinical observation was made on 53 cases of lumber intervertebral disc herniation who had the surgical treatment. Thirty eight cases in 53 cases had fat tissue transplants and 15 cases had not fat tissue transplants. A comparison was made between above-mentioned two groups and the former disclosed. approximately 24% improvement in SLR test comparing to the latter group. The result may indicate that the adiposal tissue transplantation procedure may prevent the causation of the excessive scar formation which eventually may offer favourable improvement post-operatively.

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To examine their morphological growth, twenty-four juvenile Indian skulls were craniometrically studied. The skulls studied were, according to their times and order of dental eruption or age, classified into three categories :(a) group 1 in the late stage of deciduous dentition or three to five years of age, (b)group 2 in the stage of mixed dentition or six to seven years of age, and (c) group 3 in the middle stage of mixed dentition or eight to nine years of age. The lengths, breadths, heights, chords, substances and angles of the skull were measured by the method of Martin-Saller (1957) and the indices were calculated.
The followings were the results obtained.
1) The juvenile Indian skulls showed a steady growth from the group 1 to the group 3 in order of age. It was revealed that the relative growth of the skull from the group 1 to the group 2 was, in general, larger than that from the group 2 to the group 3.
2) As to the skulls growing from the group 1 to the group 2, the growth of the facial skeleton was relatively larger than that of the brain case. In the facial skeleton the average maximum and minimum rates of growth were 9.8 in the heights and 8.1 in the lengths, whereas in the brain case those were 6.7 in the lengths and 3.1 in the heights, respectively. In this period from the group 1 to the group 2, the growth of the facial skeleton was relatively large in the heights as well as in the orbital, nasal, maxillary and palatal dimensions, while it was not very so in the lengths and breadths. On the contrary, the relative growth of the brain case was remarkedly large in the lengths and breadths, but small in the chords, substances and heights.
3) As to the skulls growing from the group 2 to the group 3, there was no significant difference in the average rates of growth between the facial skeleton and the brain case. In this period, the skulls got their growth on much the same pattern as seen in the period from the group 1 to the group 2.
4) The angles of the skull exceptionally showed little change during the growth from the group 1 to the group 3.

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Roentogenographic studies of soft tissue have rarely been made in the field of dermatology in Japan. Soft tissue X-ray photographing technique was applied to cutis lines and other soft tissue of subjects with skin diseases (particularly small tumors, nodules and so on) and of those with a healthy skin (controls).
It was found that a normal skin proved to have an even-shadowed uppermost surface layer of no structure, this being cutis line, while subjects with an abnormal skin revealed many abnormal shadows in cutis line as well as in other soft tissue.
In order to study the abnormalities, a series of cases observed was classified into following groups, namely neoplasma, inflammatory diseases and non-inflammatory diseases. It was found that images varied depending on the degree of the abnormality and it was concluded that soft tissue roentgenography is a useful tool and aid in the diagnosis of skin diseases.

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It is suggested that the mechanical compression or traction of the sympathetic nerve trunks or their rami communicantes may serve as one of frequent causes of lumbago which is encountered in daily orthopedic clinic.
Related to this viewpoint, there was no detailed report on the anastomoses between the bilateral sympathetic trunks and on the course of them and on the morphologic features and locations of the sympathetic ganglia.
The present investigation has been made to elucidate the abovementioned anatomical features of the sympathetic nerve trunks and their rami communicantes and the following results were obtained.
Twenty sympathetic nerve trunks from 10 fetuses, varying 6 to 10 months in age had served as materials in this study.
1) Regarding to the running fashion of the bilateral sympathetic nerve trunks, they tended to run downward apart from the median line.
2) The lumbar sympathetic ganglia were usually located in certain segmental fashion, and three to six ganglia were distributed in one side. As a matter of fact, average numbers of the right side were 4.8 and 4.4 on the left side respectively.
3) Regarding to the morphological features of each trunk ganglion, it was featured with flattened contour which is attached to the vertebral column. The most numerous form of the lumbar ganglia was long oval types and amounted to 72.8%. The trunk sympathetic ganglia which possessed large or many rami communicantes disclosed rather irregular configuration. As the ganglia located in the lower vertebral level, the configuration appeared to be much larger in comparison with those which located in the upper portion.
4) The morphologic features of the anastomoses which are communicating with the bilateral sympathetic trunks were divided into five categories. The anastomoses were counted 20, 0% and 80% in the upper and the lower portions respectively and majority of them were present in the lower portion of the lumbar spines.
5) The rami communicantes to the ventral rami of the lumbar spinal nerves were descreased in number and getting larger in size in the lower portion of the lumbar spines.
6) The rami communicantes to the dorsal rami of the lumbar spinal nerve were confirmed in 34 portions out of 100 portions. Numbers and course of the rami communicantes to the lumbar dorsal rami of the fetuses were simpler than that of adult (Fujikura, Dass).
7) Ganglia intermedia (Feneis) situated in the rami communicantes were obtained in all 10 cases.

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The present paper describes a computer analysis of the motor units from the gluteus maximus, the tibialis anterior and the gastrocnemius muscles, so as to clarify the mechanism of muscular support around the pelvis and the lower extremities in patients with low back pain. The subjects observed consisted of 33 cases with low back pain and 17 normal persons.
One hundred consecutive discharges of each motor unit obtained in relaxed standing posture were automatically displayed in the form of amplitude correlogram, amplitude variation and interval variation. Amplitude correlograms were classified into 4 types, i. e., type A, B, C and D. Amplitude variations were classified into 3 classes, i. e., (-) : amplitude variations within 100 μV, (±) : between 100 and 200 μV, and (+) : over 200 μV. Interval variations were classified into 2 classes, i. e., (-) : discharge intervals within 100 msec and (+) : over 100 msec. The results were as follows:
1) In almost all normal persons, the results of these amplitude correlograms were of type C, whereas amplitude and interval variations were of class (-).
2) In the majority of the patients with intervertebral disc herniation and spinal canal stenosis, amplitude correlograms were of type B or D, amplitude and interval variations were of class (±) or (+) .
3) Almost all the patients with spondylolysis showed type C in amplitude correlograms and (-) in amplitude and interval variations. These results were very similar to those in normal cases.
From these results, it can be stated that the stability of the pelvis and the lower extremity during standing is mainly controled by the ligamentous support in normal persons, while in the patients with low back pain, the muscular support plays an important role in the stabilizing mechanisms around the pelvis and the lower extremities instead of the weakened ligamentous support.

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The purpose of these experiments was to elucidate the relation between the behavior of El Tor cholera Vibrio (ETCV) to antibiotics and that of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as one of intestinal bacterial floras.
In the presence of several antibiotics equivalent to a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for ETCV, ETCV was mixed with two strains of E. coli which were different in sensitivity to antibiotics. The change of the viable cells of each bacterium was then observed.
The results obtained were as follows :
1) ETCV on these experiments was not very sensitive to polymyxin B (PL) and colistin (CL).
2) In the mixed cultures with antibiotic-resistant E. coli containing ampicillin (ABPC), cephalothin (CET), amikacin sulfate (AMK) and chloramphenicol (CM), an upward tendency of MIC for ETCV was observed.
3) When the inoculum size of E. coli was as much as, or more than that of ETCV in the mixed cultures containing ABPC, sensitivity of E. coli to ABPC was the factor which influ-enced the behavior of ETCV during a period of six hours.
4) When the inoculum size of E. coli was as much as, or less than that of ETCV in the mixed cultures containing CET, the difference of antibiotic-resistance between the two strains of E. coli influenced the growth of ETCV.
5) In the mixed cultures containing CM, the difference of antibiotic-resistance between the two strains of E. coli influenced the growth of ETCV.
6) In the mixed cultures with the standard strain of E. coli containing tetracycline (TC), the growth of ETCV was inhibited for a long period. But in the mixed cultures with the antibiotic-resistant strain of E. coli, the growth of ETCV had a tendency to be inhibited in an inverse proportion to the inoculum size of E.coli.
7) In the mixed cultures containing PL, ETCV showed almost the same behavior independently of the strain and inoculum size of E. coli.

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The purpose of the present investigation was to learn the extent of the motor dysfunction in patients with intervertebral disc herniation of L_4-5 and L₅-S₁ levels (I.D.H.). Measurements were made on the latency of F-wave and its conduction velocity of the nerve responsible for producing F-wave (FWCV).
The results obtained were as follows :
1) There were no significant differences in the mean values of the shortest latency of F-wave between the normal subjects and the patients with I.D.H. There were no statistically significant differences in the FWCV with the shortest latency between these two groups.
2) The mean values of the longest latency of F-wave showed a statistically significant prolongation in the patients with I.D.H. The same was true of the FWCV with the longest latency in I.D.H.
3) A statistically significant prolongation of the time difference between the longest and shortest latency were observed in I.D.H.
4) As for the mean values of the duration and amplitude of F-wave, there were no statistically significant differences between the normal and the patients. Nevertheless, the duration in I.D.H. tended to be longer.
5) It is inferred from these results that F-wave with the longest latency and slowest conduction velocity give us very important information regarding the damages of the nerve roots.

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Recently it has been recognized that environmental factors especially smoking and air pollution have played important roles in the causation of lung cancer, although the histogenesis of lung cancer is still not completely elucidated, it is postulated that squamous cell carcinoma of the lung may arise from the metaplastic mucosa of the bronchi via dysplastic changes. However, evidences supporting this opinion is not adequate on the basis of investigation of the human materials.
Histological examination were performed on the bronchial epithelium of the right lung obtained from the 185 autopsy cases. Morphological changes were classified into six types such as goblet cell hyperplasia, basal cell hyperplasia, transitional metaplasia, squamous metaplasia, atypical metaplasia and minute carcinoma.
Goblet cell hyperplasia had no correlation with aging. Basal cell hyperplasia and metaplastic changes had close interrelationship with aging. Squamous metaplasia was observed in 21% of the cases. Frequently, squamous metaplasia occured at the bifurcation of the bronchi.
There was no correlation between atypical metaplasia and aging. Atypical metaplasia was found in 10 cases (5% of cases). These cases were all male subjects.
These epithelial changes were found more frequently in smokers.
There were three minute carcinomas found in 3 cases (1.6%). Squamous metaplasia was noted around the minute carcinoma in one case. However, remaining two cases had no metaplastic change around the minute carcinomas, which seemed to have arised from the ductal epithelium of the bronchial gland.
These observations support the assumption that squamous cell carcinoma of the lung may not always arise through the squamous metaplasia or atypical metaplasia of bronchial muoosa and direct causation of the carcinoma without any metaplastic changes may be possible in some instances based on this study.

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An i . v. administration of syngeneic spleen cells (SPCs) caused the functional change of splenic adherent cells (SACs).
The antigen presenting activity of the SACs reduced partly by i.v. injection of 5x10⁷ antigen pulsed or non pulsed SPCs 10 days before. This reduction was not canceled by cyclophosphamide treatment which would eliminate suppressor T cells. Therefore suppressor T cells do riot seem to participate in this phenomenon, while the complete mechanism of this reduction is not clear. On the other hand, when mice were injected with the syngeneic spleen cells, followed by an immunization 6 days after to induce suppressor T cells, a reduction of antigen presenting activity occurred in the SACs only in the group of mice injected with antigen pulsed SPCs. The recovery from this reduction was made possibly by cyclophosphamide treatment. So, suppressor T cells might play an important role in reducing the antigen presenting activity specifically to the antigen on injected. SPCs.

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Glycylprolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (GP-DAP) activity was measured in 333 healthy subjects and 270 patients with various hepatobiliary diseases by the method of Nagatsu et al. The level in the serum of healthy subjects (age, 20-82 years) was 75.1±13.4 mU/ml (mean±SD). It decreased with age in the male subjects, while it increased in the female subjects aged more than 50 years.
The levels in patients with acute hepatitis (123.4±33.4), chronic hepatitis (107.6±31.7), cirrhosis (98.9±38.5), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (124.6±49.0) and extrahepatic obstructive jaundice (139.7±57.3) were significantly higher compared with the healthy subjects, respectively (p<0.01). The level in acute hepatitis was significantly higher than that found in chronic hepatitis (p<0.01) and cirrhosis (p<0.01), respectively. The level in HCC was significantly higher than that in cirrhosis (p<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between GP-DAP and biliary tract enzymes, including alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, in acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, respectively, while in HCC no relation was found between them. Moreover, though there was a positive correlation between GP-DAP and serum γ-globulin in chronic hepatitis, there was a negative correlation between them in HCC, suggesting some different mechanisms in the increase of serum GP-DAP in HCC from the other three diseases.
In HCC, though serum GP-DAP did not correlate with serum α-fetoprotein, it tended to increase with the size of the tumor on imaging diagnosis, including angiography and computed tomography. Gradual increase was observed in cases of cirrhosis which developed into HCC. In autopsied cases of HCC, the concentration of GP-DAP in the cancer tissues (45.52±26.75 mU/mg protein, n=8) was significantly higher than in the noncancerous cirrhotic portions (14.38±6.30, n=9, p<0.05) of identical materials, and in liver tissue with non-hepatic diseases (8.90±3.22, n=14, p<0.01). A positive correlation was found between the activity of GP-DAP in serum shortly before death and in cancer tissue, suggesting that GP-DAP was being released from the epatoma tissue into the serum.

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Recently, it was shown that the analysis of surface charge in peripheral lymphocytes by electrophoresis provides the information concerning immunological states of cancer patients We applied this method to the pre-operative urogenital cancer patients or the patients who had been post-operatively receiving Krestine (PSK) and CQ, or Krestine (PSK) and Honvan (Prostatic cancer).
Of 69 subjects examined, 45 were cancer patients (13 with bladder cancer, 10 with renal cell carcinoma, 7 with testicular tumor, 11 with prostatic cancer, 2 with ureteric cancer and 2 with uterine cancer) and 24 normal subjects. Lymphocytes were isolated from heparinized blood by the gradient method of Boyum by using Ficoll-Hypaque. The electrophoretic mobility of lymphocytes was determined with a fully automated cell electrophoretic apparatus (Parmoquant : produced by Kureha Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Electrophoresis was carried out at 13 mA for 3 s at 24°C. Ten to 20 migrating cells in the microscopic field were momentarily recorded by image processing and the data were stored in a computor. One hundred cells were measured in one sample. The measurements, e.g. mean mobility of all cells, standard deviation and their histograms, were printed out.

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