Journal of Nippon Medical School
Online ISSN : 1884-0108
Print ISSN : 0048-0444
ISSN-L : 0048-0444
Volume 53, Issue 4
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
  • With special referece to nerve conduction velocity
    Tetsuya Narita
    1986 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 321-331
    Published: August 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: July 10, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study was performed electrophysiologically and histologically to know the regenerating potentiality of pulsing electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) to damaged nerves.
    The bilateral sciatic nerves of 55 rats were completely transected and then sutured. PEMFs stimulation of 12 hours a day to the sutured nerves were performed in 28 rats for 3, 4 and 6 weeks, and the other 27 rats were fed without PEMFs stimulation as a control. Nerve conduction velocity was measured in all these rats, and then the nerves were resected for microscopic specimens to calculate the number of nerve fibers.
    The obtained results of the conduction velocity showed a higher value in rats with PEMFs than in the control. Nerve regeneration remarkably occurred by 4 weeks after operation in rats with PEMFs. Histologically, the numbers of the large fibers (3.0μm≤diameter) in rats with PEMFs were greater than in the control. The total number of nerve fibers was greater in the PEMFs rats 3 weeks after operation. This study indicated that PEMFs would act effectively on the regenerating nerve, and it seemed that PEMFs might develop axonal sprouts in the damaged nerve.
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  • Susumu Nagai
    1986 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 332-344
    Published: August 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 04, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    One hundred and eighty gestational sac (GS) measurements by ultrasound echography were performed on 132 healthy pregnant women with an accurate gestational age of between five and twelve weeks. Their prenatal courses were uneventful and they delivered of babies appropriate for dates at term. The GS longest diameter in longitudinal section (LGS), the GS longest diameter making perpendicularity to LGS in the same section (VGS) and the GS longest horizontal diameter in transversal section (TGS) were measured in cm. GS maximum diameter, two directi-onal GS diameters (LGS·TGS, LGS·VGS, TGS·VGS) and three directional GS diameters (LGS·TGS ·VGS) were assessed by computer analysis for correlation with gestational age and for comparison.
    1) Good correlation was obtained between GS maximum diameter and gestational age, with a correlation coefficient of 0.926105 and a standard error of 0.624265.
    2) The geometric or arithmetric means of LGS and TGS correlated most with gestational age in two directional GS diameters. The aritbmetric means of LGS and TGS correlated with gestational age better than the geometric means, with a correlation coefficient of 0.936251 and a standard error of 0.594649.
    3) The arithmetric means of three directional GS diameters correlated with gestational age better than the geometric means, with a correlation coefficient of 0.947145 and a standard error of 0.542982.
    4) The above results indicated that the measurements of the arithmetric means of three directional GS diameters exceedingly reduces errors in estimating gestational age.
    5) A convertible table to estimate gestational age on GS maximum diameters, arithmetric means of LGS and TGS, and of three directional GS diameters was made.
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  • With special regard to visual diagnosis of myocardial SPECT
    Ryoichi Saito
    1986 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 345-355
    Published: August 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 04, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Clarification of the clinical usefulness of Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) compared to conventional planar Thallium-201 chloride myocardial scintigraphy in terms of its relationship to other clinical examinations was investigated.
    Patients consisted of 27 acute myocardial infarctions, 25 male and 2 female. Their average age was 61.2. For 25 patients it was their first attack of acute myocardial infarction, and 2 had suffered previous myocardial infarction.
    Myocardial scintigraphy was taken within three weeks after the onset. The left ventricle was divided into 6 anatomical segments in both myocardial images and each segment had a score from 1 to 5 points ; 5 : severe defect, 4 : medium defect, 3 : low defect, 2 : lowered activity sus-pected, 1: normal activity. Other clinical examinations were an electrocardiogram, a coronary angiogram, a left ventriculogram, and a cardiac pool scintigram. Then the score and other clinical information were compared.
    The following results were obtained:
    1) In the apex, the scores were remarkably higher with SPECT than those with the planar image. However, in the anterior portion or septum, the scores were almost the same. In the inferior, lateral or posterior portions the scores were slightly higher on SPECT than those with the planar image.
    2) Eleven out of 27 cases showed a high correspondence between the planar image and SPECT, but the other 16 were different in the identification of infarct sites. In 11 out of 16, SPECT was more accurate, but in another 3 out of 16, the planar image was more accurate because of overdiagnosis by SPECT.
    3) The defects of apex might be overdiagnosed by SPECT.
    4) SPECT scores showed a good correlation with the severity of wall motion disturbance.
    5) Patients with severe broad defects on anteroseptal or anteroseptolateral identified by SPE-CT showed significantly lower ejection fraction than others.
    6) The total SPECT score was inversely well correlated with ejection fraction. (r=-0.6948, p<0.01)
    From these results, it can be concluded that SPECT is a reliable tool for estimating the localization and extent of acute myocardial infarction. Moreover, the grading score of SPECT is useful for estimating a cardiac function in the acute phase of myocardial infarction.
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  • Masabumi Miyamoto
    1986 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 356-365
    Published: August 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 04, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Much has been reported about the quantitative analysis of the footsole pressure in normal persons, but no definite conclusions have been obtained from these studies. This is also particularly true in the study of deformed feet.
    In order to analyse the extent and degree of deformities, distribution maps of footsole pressure were made to compare normal and deformed feet.
    One hundred feet in 50 normal persons and 172 feet in 96 patients with RA with flat foot, hallux valgus or spread foot deformity were tested. Footsole pressure maps were made from the high sensitive film "Prescale", made by Fuji film. Each person was asked to stand on one leg on the film for 5 seconds. Bony anatomical observations of the foot were done with two views of X-ray film. In this study, distribution maps and the X-ray film were analyzed only in the forefoot.
    Results :
    1) In normal persons, the highest pressure was observed in the Ist metatarsal head, 1.74% per cm2 of the body weight, and the mean value of II, III, N and V metatarsal head decreased in order.
    2) The medial longitudinal arch was higher in cases with a higher value in I metatarsal head than in the others.
    3) Footsole pressure in RA showed an increasing weight bearing area on the V metatarsal head and V tarso-metatarsal joint.
    4) In cases of flat feet, when C/OY, N/OY and L/OY had a lower value than 0.25, 0.22 and 0.17 respectively, the weight bearing area showed up on I TMT joint initially, and with progress of deformity, pressure increased on the area.
    5) In hallux valgus, pressure was higher on the III MTH with an increasing degree of deformity.
    6) There were no changes of the footsole pressure maps in spread foot deformity compared with a normal foot.
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  • Kazuo Isayama
    1986 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 366-374
    Published: August 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: July 10, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The clinical outcome of 53 patients with severe subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) [grade 4 or 5 according to Hunt and Kosnik] was analyzed by computerized tomographic (CT) findings, auditory brainstem response (ABR) and intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. All the patients were admitted to our hospital within 3 hours after the first aneurysmal rupture. Fifteen patients were dead or nearly dead on admission. Seventeen patients were subjected to immediate direct surgical treatment of the aneurysm. The overall mortality was 83% (44 cases). In all cases, SAH visualized on CT were located in the basal cisterns surrounding the brainstem. ABR was recorded in 39 cases.
    The ABR patterns on admission were classified into 4 groups : normal (Group I ), slight prolongation of interwave latency (Group II), severe prolongation of interwave latency (Group III) and disappearance of second to fifth waves or no response (Group N). Patients in Group IV were dead. Three patients whose ABR returned to normal survived, suggesting that they had reversible brainstem failure. ICP was monitored in 18 cases. Patients whose ICP did not increase during the monitoring survived.
    The major mechanism leading to death or deterioration after acute SAH appears to result from brainstem failure arising from subarachnoid hematoma in the basal cisterns surrounding the brainstem and by acute brain swelling following secondary cerebral ischemia due, to cardiac and respiratory failure.
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  • Shinnosuke Kato
    1986 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 375-387
    Published: August 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 04, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The influence of antibiotics, bile acid and Escherichia coli on the growth of Salmonella typhi was studied by the following method.
    In the presence of several antibiotics diluted to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against S. typhi and sodium desoxycholate (DC), S. typhi was mixed with two strains of E. coli which were different from each other in sensitivity to antibiotics. The numbers of each viable bacterial cell were then detected.
    The results obtained were as follows:
    1) DC inhibited S. typhi when the concentration of DC added to the medium was over 2 mg/ml. DC inhibited also the sensitive strain of E. coli when the concentration of DC added to the medium was over 6 mg/ml. But DC did not inhibit the resistant strain of E. coli when the concentration of DC added to the medium was under 10 mg/ml.
    2) E. coli inhibited S. typhi. The inhibitory effect of each E. coli strain on the S. typhi growth was proportional to the respective sensitivity to antibiotics.
    3) DC enhanced the antibacterial activity of Ampicillin (ABPC) and Cephalothin (CET) against S. typhi. DC enhanced the antibacterial activity of Tetracycline, ABPC and CET against the sensitive strain of E. coli. But DC had no influence on all antibiotics against the resistant strain of E. coll.
    4) In the mixed culture of S. typhi and E. coli the antibacterial activity of ABPC and CET against S. typhi decreased as compared with that in a single culture. DC partially restored this antibacterial activity.
    5) The resistance to ABPC was transfered from the ABPC-resistant strain of E. coli to S. typhi. DC inhibited the transfer of ABPC resistance when DC concentration was increased.
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  • Takehiko Kasuga
    1986 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 388-398
    Published: August 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: December 04, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The growth and survival of Vibrio cholerae O-1 and Vibrio cholerae non O-1 in foodstuffs, especially in shellfish was studied in order to cast some light on the ecology of cholera epidemic.
    Alteration in the number of Vibrio cholerae O-1 and Vibrio cholerae non O-1, stuck to raw fish and raw meat, drinks (cola, alkali ion drink, milk, coffee) and soy sauce was observed in a settled temperature and whether cholera had accumulated in short-necked clams in artificial sea water contaminated with Vibrio cholerae O-1 or Vibrio cholerae non O-1 was examined. In this study, the same experimental procedure was pursued concerning the different strains of cholera ; Vibrio cholerae O-1 and Vibrio cholerae non O-1.
    The following results were obtained :
    1) Within 24 hours, the number of Vibrio cholerae O-1 or Vibrio cholerae non O-1 stuck to raw fish or raw meat was almost invariable at 4°C, 10°C, 16°C and 30°C.
    After 48 hours, the number of Vibrio cholerae O-1 or Vibrio cholerae non O-1 stuck to raw fish was invariable, though the numbers of both strains stuck to raw meat decreased. Regarding the rate of decrease, Vibrio cholerae non O-1 was slower than Vibrio cholerae O-1.
    2) Vibrio cholerae O-1 and Vibrio cholerae non O-1 ceased to exist within 30 min in soy sauce of high salt concentration and within 30 min in cola and alkali ion drink of high acidity. On the other hand, Vibrio cholerae O-1 in coffee ceased to exist within 24 hours at 4°C and 16°C.
    3) When short-necked clams were placed in artificial sea water contaminated with Vibrio cholerae O-1 or. Vibrio cholerae non O-1, the organisms survived and accumulated within the short-necked clams.
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  • Yasuyuki Ujihara
    1986 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 399-405
    Published: August 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: July 10, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of gastrectomy on experimental colonic cancer in the rat induced by 1, 2-Dimethyl-hydrazine (DMH) was studied. Ninetyfour animals were randomly separated into 5 groups : (1) sham operation with an injection of DMH, (2) gastrectomy Billroth I method (B-I) without an injection of DMH, (3) gastrectomy B-I with an injection of DMH, (4) gastrectomy Billroth II method (B-II) without an injection of DMH, (5) gastrectomy B-II with an injection of DMH.
    Serum levels of gastrin in gastrectomized animals were significantly lower than in the controls and gastrectomy did not alter the level of pepsinogen I . The numder of colonic tumors per animal was significantly larger in gastrectomized animals than in the controls, and the sizes of the tumor were larger in gastrectomized animals. However, the incidence of colonic cancer did not differ in each group.
    From the increasing number of colonic tumors associated with consequent hypogastrinemia after gastrectomy, it is possible that gastrin may exert a trophic effect on colonic mucosa.
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  • Yoshinori Shimizu, Akira Hara
    1986 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 406-408_2
    Published: August 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: July 10, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • A report on a successfully treated case and existing research
    Yukihiro Kodama, Masashi Kawamoto, Kiyoshi Iwashita, Takashi Fujisaki, ...
    1986 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 409-415
    Published: August 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: July 10, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Congenital pyloric atresia is a rare malformation that occurs with a frequency of about one per million births. One hundred fifty-one cases of the anomaly have been reported including 28 cases in Japan. This is a report on an additional case of membranous atresia that was treated successfully by incision of the diaphragm with pyloroplasty. The familial occurrence in siblings and the association of the abnormality with hereditary epidermolysis bullosa suggests a genetic etiology. Treatment should be surgical and the choice of an operative procedure should depend on the anatomical type of atresia. Excision or incision of the diaphragm with pyloroplasty and gastroduodenostomy offer the most promising opportunity for successful treatment. The mortality rate is 49.3% and the prognosis is dependent upon such factors as early diagnosis, the appropriate operative procedure, the extent of prematurity of the infant and association of other congenital anomalies or complications.
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  • Tatsuhiko Arai, Mitsuhiko Kawabe, Naoaki Hayama, Masami Iida, Tokuzo M ...
    1986 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 416-417
    Published: August 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: July 10, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • 1986 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 418-428
    Published: August 15, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: July 10, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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