日本医科大学雑誌
Online ISSN : 1884-0108
Print ISSN : 0048-0444
ISSN-L : 0048-0444
60 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1~7を表示しています
  • 若林 一二
    1993 年 60 巻 3 号 p. 133-139
    発行日: 1993/06/15
    公開日: 2009/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 北川 亘
    1993 年 60 巻 3 号 p. 140-155
    発行日: 1993/06/15
    公開日: 2009/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    Thyroid arteries were studied in 37 Japanese fetuses from 4 months to 9 months old. The results were as follows:
    (1) The occurrence of pyramidal lobe was 48.6%.
    (2) The patterns of the branches arising from the aortic arch were classified into four types. Type A was the most common type and was found in 91.9%. Anomalous types C, G and CG were found in only one each (2.7%).
    (3) In Type A, the arterial distribution to the thyroid gland was as follows; 1) The superior thyroid artery was found to be a single branch from the parent artery in 100% of cases on the right and in 94.1% on the left, in 2 cases it was found to be a thyro-lingual trunk on the left side. 2) The superior thyroid artery arose from the external carotid artery in 61.8% of cases on the right and in 47.0% on the left, from the divergent portion of the internal and external carotid arteries in 26.5% on both sides and from the common carotid artery in 11.7% on the right and in 26.5% on the left. 3) The inferior thyroid artery arose from the thyrocervical trunk in 93.9% on the right and in 84.8% on the left. The inferior thyroid artery was found to be absent in 2 cases (6.1%) on the right and in 5 cases (15.2%) on the left. 4) The thyroid ima artery was found in 15.2%. It arose from the brachiocephalic trunk in 4 cases and from the right common carotid artery in 1 case.
    (4) In the 3 anomalous types C, G and CG, the arterial distribution to the thyroid gland was as follows; 1) Type C was found in a 8-month-old fetus. The superior thyroid artery originated from the external carotid artery. The right inferior thyroid artery was absent and the left inferior thyroid artery was derived from the thyrocervical trunk. The thyroid ima artery branched from the brachiocephalic trunk. 2) Type G was found in a 7-month-old fetus. The superior thyroid artery originated from the external carotid artery. The inferior thyroid artery arose from the thyrocervical trunk. The thyroid ima artery branched from the right common carotid artery. 3) Type CG was found in a 8-month-old fetus. The superior thyroid artery arose from the common carotid artery. The inferior thyroid artery originated from the subclavian artery to be a single branch. 4) The anomalous arterial distribution to the thyroid gland was recognized in 3 cases of the anomalous branching type of the aortic arch.
    (5) The thyroid arteries was most frequently originated in the course of development from the ventral aortic root near the third aortic arch and the subclavian artery outside of the vertebral artery or the internal thoracic artery.
    Based upon these results, it was considered that the thyroid arteries being distributed from the inferior portion were affected by the dynamic modification of the fourth aortic arch.
  • 武本 俊彦
    1993 年 60 巻 3 号 p. 156-164
    発行日: 1993/06/15
    公開日: 2009/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    Although many in vitro chemosensitivity tests for anticancer agents have been reported, no scientific assessment of the optimum exposure time and dose of anticancer drugs for such tests has been established.
    We assessed the cytotoxicity of 4 anticancer agents (CDDP, CBDCA, ADM, MMC) by analyzing the relationships between the IC50 values and the drug exposure time in a study using PC-14 cells. The clinical AUC (Area Under the Curve) of each drug was compared with the dose giving 50% inhibition of the control level for cell growth (IC50) in a conventional MTT assay (C-MTT) . A modified MTT assay, which involved washing out of the drugs and additional incubation (M-MTT) and a HTCA (Human Tumor Clonogenic Assay) was also carried out with PC-9 and PC-14 cells.
    The results suggested that all of 4 anticancer drugs were AUC-dependent agents. The HTCA was considered to be the assay giving results closest to the doses effective in clinical practice among the 3 assays tested, while the C-MTT gave a much higher AUC than the clinical AUC. It is suggested the reason is that in the C-MTT all the cells are viable at the end of drug exposure. Thus, not only viable cells with the potential of proliferate but also those without this potential are included in the results.
    On the other hand, viable cells with a proliferative potential are better assessed by the M-MTT, which has an additional incubation time.
    This study indicated that the C-MTT was unsuitable in vitro chemosensitivity tests for new AUCdependent drugs. In contrast, the HTCA and M-MTT showed the doses of AUC to be effectively closer to those in clinical practice and proved useful for analyzing the cytotoxicity of AUC-dependent drugs.
  • 特に経腸栄養の有用性について
    吉野 重利, 渋谷 哲男
    1993 年 60 巻 3 号 p. 165-172
    発行日: 1993/06/15
    公開日: 2009/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    A large number of reports have dealt with comparative studies of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and enteral hyperarimentation (EH) . However, there have been few reports on comparative studies in which patients were stringently selected for identical observation periods.
    We divided patients who underwent total gastrectomy fer stomach carcinoma into two groups. The two groups were given TPN and EH, respectively, for three weeks te investigate immunolagical competence and untritional conditions. There were ten patients in the TPN group and ten in the EH group was IgG, IgA, IgM, and complements (C3 and CH50) selected as the immunological indices. At the same time, TP, Alb, Tf, PA and RBP were used as the nutritional indices. Immunological competence dropped from one to three days after surgery in both groups, but gradually increased thereafter. Up to three weeks after surgery, immunological indices showed preoperative values or above though there were no significant differences between the two groups. The nutritional indices were low from three to four days after surgery but gradually increased thereafter and returned to preoperative levels or above, no significant differences were noted between the two groups. This was probably because malignant tumors were resected, and nutrition was supplemented from three to four days after surgery which led to the improvement of immunological and nutritional indices. Since the patients in both groups experienced uneventful clinical courses without developing any complications, there were no significant differences in these indices between the two groups.
    Some investigators recommend the prioritized use of TPN because no differences have been observed in immunological competence and nutritional conditions after performing TPN or EH for nutritional management following surgery on the digestive tract. On the basis of the above-mentioned findings, however, we believe that EH should be used more frequently since it is physiological and easy to perform, and does not result in any serious complications.
  • 投与方法および効果判定の検討
    上田 洋一, 荒牧 琢己, 熊田 博光
    1993 年 60 巻 3 号 p. 173-185
    発行日: 1993/06/15
    公開日: 2009/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    The difference in response rate to interferon (IFN) among several treatment regimens was assessed retrospectively in 48 HCV-RNA positive patients with chronic hepatitis C. The study focused on patients' pretreatment profiles and response to treatment, histological findings before and after the treatment and the significance of HCV-RNA detection in evaluating the outcome.
    A complete response (CR) evaluated by the outcome of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was obtained in 16 of 25 patients (64.0%) treated with IFN in doses of 3 to 6 million units daily for the first 4 or 8 wks and subsequent dosing twice or three times weekly for the following 8 to 146 wks. In contrast, CR was obtained in only 7 of 16 patients (43.8%) treated with the regimen in which patients received IFN in doses of 1 to 6 million units daily for 4 to 8 wks and no subsequent IFN. In comparing the responders to IFN (25 cases) and the non responders (19 cases), there were no significant differences regarding patients' age, sex, the presence or absence of history of blood transfusion, pretreatment ALT values or histological magnitude, or total doses of IFN administered. When the basal and final biopsy samples were compared, Knodell's index of histological activity had decreased significantly in the responders but not in the non responders. In 24 of the 25 responders, HCV-RNA had disappeared from their serum at the end of treatment, and in 23 it remained undetectable 6 months after treatment. In contrast, in 6 of the 19 non responders HCV-RNA had become negative at the end of treatment but was detectable in all cases 6 months after treatment.
    Thus, it is concluded that (1) a regimen of daily administration for the first 4 or 8 wks with subsequent dosing twice or three times weekly was preferable in terms of obtaining frequent CR, (2) response to IFN cannot be predicted by a patient's pretreatment profile, (3) in responders, histological activity decreases, and (4) in responders, HCV-RNA becomes undetectable not only at the end of treatment but also 6 months after treatment.
  • 第1報 看護学生と大学生の調査から
    薩田 清明
    1993 年 60 巻 3 号 p. 186-191
    発行日: 1993/06/15
    公開日: 2009/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 服部 康夫, 保津 治道, 多田 知子, 原 彰, 吉田 和弘, 伊藤 博, 池田 一則, 岡 史篤, 阿部 裕行, 中神 義三, 北原 東 ...
    1993 年 60 巻 3 号 p. 192-199
    発行日: 1993/06/15
    公開日: 2009/11/13
    ジャーナル フリー
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