This study was designed to use nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR), in situhybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemical techniques to identify human papillomavirus (HPV) in tissues fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. Eighty cases including 17 cases of condyloma acuminatum, 10 cases of cervical dysplasia, 6 cases of carcinoma in situ, 16 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, 14 cases of nasal and paranasal papilloma, 1 case of transitional cell papilloma and 16 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were examined. With the nested PCR method, the positive reaction rate of HPV was higher than with the single step PCR method. The detection rate was about ten-fold higher in condyloma acuminatum and two times higher in cervical dysplasia with the nested PCR method. In four cases of condyloma acuminatum, ISH was positive. Three of those cases were type 18 HPV and the another was type 11 HPV. Immunohistochemically, HPV was detected only in the cases of condyloma acuminatum. The nuclei of superficial epithelial cells, especially koilocytes reacted positively both by ISH and immunohistochemical methods. Nested PCR is not a very complicated technique, and the detection rate is higher than that of commonly used pathological techniques. These results suggest that nested PCR will be a useful test for HPV routine pathological diagnosis.

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The effect of a newly developed hexapeptide; D-Ala-D-βNal-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH₂ (KP-102) on GH secretion was studied in adult male rats. KP-102 induced a large plasma GH response at a dose of 0.5 μg/kg BW in conscious rats, although GH-releasing abilities of KP-102 varied markedly depending on the phase of GH secretion. Among urethan-anesthetized rats, KP-102 alone exerted a small influence on GH secretion, but it produced a large plasma GH response in the presence of exogenous GH-releasing factor (GRF). The rest of studies were performed on urethan anesthetized rats.
During intermittent administration of GRF, the somatotropes became refractory to a large bolus dose of GRF, but KP-102 induced a marked increase of plasma GH. The GH response to KP-102 alone or KP-102 with GRF was significantly augmented when cysteamine HCl was previously administered. Although KP-102 and GRF acted synergistically on GH secretion in control animals, they acted additively in cysteamine-administered rats.
Taken together, these findings suggest that the KP-102-induced GH secretion largely depends on GRF and the secretagogue potentiates the GRF effect by antagonizing the SS action at the level of somatotropes. It is concluded that KP-102 alone or in combination with GRF provides a means of stimulating GH secretion in the face of elevated inhibitory tone mediated by SS.

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Previous work in our laboratory has shown the relation between leukocytes (WBC) and the generation of oxidants in endotoxin (LPS) shock. The purpose of this study was to find out if WBC-derived oxidants can produce acute lung injury in guinea pigs given LPS. We also evaluated the efficacies of steroids and antioxidants against the initial changes in LPS-induced lung injury.
One group of guinea pigs (200-250g, male) received 0.7mg/kg (LD₅₀, 24 hrs.) of E. coliLPS in the peritoneal cavity (group I). The animals in group II received 30 mg/kg of methylprednisolone (MP), followed by intraperitoneal LPS. The animals in group III were given 30 mg/kg of 2-aminomethyl-4-tert-butyl-6-propionylphenol hydrochloride (ONO-3144), a known as antioxidant (OH radical scavenger), and then an injection of LPS. The animals were killed at following time course: 30, 60 or 180 minutes after the LPS injection. Hematological examinations (WBC counts), total cell counts and differential counts in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were done along with light microscopic studies. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase activity and malonaldehyde (MDA) produced as a result of lipid peroxidation in the lung were measured and correlated with histological changes. Survival ratios of the three groups were compared.
The results obtained were: 1) Significant leukopenia occurred in all groups. 2) In groupI, WBC, especially eosinophils, were recovered by BAL and the total cell number of the BAL fluid had increased by 180 minutes after LPS injection, but MP or ONO-3144 treatment inhibited the migration of WBC (eosinophils and neutrophils) into alveolar lumen after LPS injection. 3) Histologic examinations revealed diffuse edema, hemorrhage, and marked leukocyte infiltration in the alveoli in group I, but not in group II or III. 4) SOD activity in all group diminished below the control level. Catalase activity had significantly increased by 180 minutes after LPS injection in group I, but not in group II or III. MDA had increased remarkably by 60 minutes after injection of LPS in group I, but MP or ONO-3144 treatment prevented such increases. 5) Animals in group II and III survived significantly longer than those in the other group.
In conclusion, these findings suggest that LPS provokes WBC-mediated vascular damage in the lung, and steroids or antioxidants can minimize the injury and prevent edema formation. Steroids might be useful for achieving quantifiable changes in LPS-induced WBC chemotaxis to the lung and for decreasing oxidant-induced lung injury.

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To elucidate the 3-dimensional structural development of the albino rabbit lens fiber, and to study how cataracts affect these fibers, the lenses from rabbits 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks old, and from 8 week old rabbits with cataracts caused by naphthalene were examined with a scanning electron microscope.
The results were:
1) Normal rabbit:
The ratio of the length of the anterior suture line to the diameter of the lens gradually rose from 1 to 4 weeks and then reached a plateau. The ratio of the length of the posterior suture line was constant from the first week on.
Fibers were wider in lenses from older rabbits, except for those in the middle of the suture line.
Ball-and-socket junctions were common on the anterior side and were concentrated in the area of the paraanterior suture line of lenses from older animals.
The lateral large processes were only noted near the anterior suture line, and in extended direction from its end.
The likelihood of finding edge processes, especially in the area of middle anterior and posterior sections, rose with age.
2) Rabbit exposed to Naphthalene:
The rate of increase of the length of the anterior suture line and the diameter of the lens were both low, but their ratio did not differ from that of a normal rabbit's lens. On the contrary, the growth rate of the posterior suture line was much greater than that of the diameter.
The peculiarity of distribution of edge processes and width found in normal lens fibers was not found in naphthalene-affected fibers.

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Quantitative EEG analysis was done on 29 medicated right-handed depressive patients at age over 45 and age and sex matched right-handed 20 normal controls. The patients were all diagnosed as major depression with melancholia by DSM-III-R and were divided into anxiety type (n=17) and retardation type (n=12) evaluated with the Hamilton rating scale for depression.
Eye closed resting EEGs were recorded on a data recorder from the 16 electrode leads (10-20 system). Artifact rejected 3 minutes EEGs were analyzed by off-line with Fast Fourier Transform from the bilateral frontal (F₃, F₄), parietal (P₃, P₄) and occipital (O₁, O₂) regions. The mean values of absolute amplitude power (μV) and the mean Z scores of inter-, and intrahemispheric coherence were obtained in theta 1 (4.0-6.0 Hz), theta 2 (6.0-8.0 Hz), alpha 1 (8.0-10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13.0 Hz), beta 1 (13.0-20.0 Hz), and beta 2 (20.0-40.0 Hz) frequency bands respectively.
The main findings were:
1) Beta 1 and beta 2 power were greater in patients with anxiety type depression than in normal controls, and the differences were statistically significant over the parietal and occipital regions in beta 1 and the frontal region in beta 2. The anxiety type was distin-guished from the retardation type with the increase of beta 2 power. The retardation type showed higher alpha 1 power over the frontal region and lower alpha 2 power over the occipital region than normal controls.
2) Both types showed greater frontal predominant ratio to the parietal in beta 2 power than did normal controls. The retardation type was distinguished from the anxiety type with the right predominance in beta 1 power over the frontal region.
3) Both groups of patients showed lower frontal interhemispheric coherences than normal controls in each band. In particular, the anxiety type showed significantly lower alpha 2 band and lower beta 1 and beta 2 bands. The parietal interhemispheric coherence was lower in the anxiety type but higher in the retardation type than in normal controls in each band, and this difference was prominent in theta 2 band.
4) The two groups of patients showed higher fronto-parietal intrahemispheric coher-ences in both hemispheres than the normal controls in each band. Especially, the anxiety type showed higher in theta 2 and alpha 1 bands.
5) These results suggest that the depressive patients have abnormal inter- and intra-hemispheric functions, including hypofrontality, and that there may be those differences between the anxiety type and the retardation type.

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Between 1988 and 1994, 110 patients with 139 so-called keloids site, which had been treated with conservative therapy were treated with excision, suture, and postoperative irradiation with a 4 MeV electron beam. They were irradiated within one or two days after surgery, for three consecutive days. The total doses were 15 Gy or 18 Gy per fractions for the most part. Control rates of true keloids and hypertrophic scars were 76.0% (57/75) and 93.8% (60/64), respectively, and the overall effectiveness rate was 84.2%. No remarkable side effects were observed. Transient hyperpigmentation was found in 44.6%. No carcinogenesis have been found in our series of patients. Considering the possibility of recurrence, side effects, and carcinogenesis, the indication of our treatment was decided. The result of our treatment using a low-megavolt electron beam was similar to that of published series using a low-energy X-ray. The advantages of the use of electron beam are that the peak of dose is the layer of the occurrence of keloid, and that the depth of penetration of radiation is limited without appreciable effect on the deeper structures. At present, the equipments of low-energy X-ray have been disposed. Our treatment using a electron beam will be an effective treatment.

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