Medical endoscopic applications of an 8K ultra-high-definition（UHD；7680×4320 pixels）imaging technology has started from 8K UHD laparoscopic animal experiment in 2013. After 8K UHD laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 2014 using a prototype 8K UHD camera weighing over 2 kg, Kairos Co., Ltd succeeded in reduction of the camera weight to 370 g which was truly practical in the medical field and finally commercialized as a medical device in 2017 in Japan. Using our 8K UHD endoscope with 16-times resolution compared with conventional high-definition（HD；1920×1080 pixels）endoscope and an 8K UHD large monitor, surgeons can observe thin blood vessels, thin membrane structures, and important nerve fibers which have been hard to see clearly. We believe that our 8K UHD endoscopic imaging is very likely to changes the future of endoscopic surgery with an improvement of surgical efficiency, safety and medical economic effects.

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The work contents of the nurse is different from a cabin attendant taking care of the embarkation visitor of the airplane. In the site of the current clinical medicine, the nurse does not take care of the patient and must use many medical equipment like a doctor. In other words the nurse uses medical equipment for condition management of the patient as well as treatment and inspection ordered by a doctor. For the medical equipment which nurse targets for use and the research, there are following types.（1）Medical equipment with the knowledge that is deeper than a thing of an instrument,（2）Medical equipment for the purpose of the active use to the field of nursing,（3）An instrument supporting manual labor of the nurse,（4）Development of the medical equipment which is convenient for nursing. Actually, in the work of the nurse, there are many problems that were already solved. On the other hand, there is even solved work when a problem is found newly.

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Aim：To compare mandibular movements in infants between breastfeeding and bottle-feeding. Methods：A total of 24 full-term infants, aged 3-4 days, with birth weight ≥2500g and no medical problems were recruited. The infants were divided into two groups by their mother’s choice. Group A included 10 infants who were exclusively breastfed after birth, while group B included 14 infants who were bottle-fed first and then were additionally breastfed at each feeding after birth. The mandibular movements including the sucking cycle, the time intervals of jaw opening and closing, the mandibular displacement, the acceleration of mandibular movements, and the maximum angle at jaw opening were measured at each feeding to draw sucking waveforms using a motion analysis software. Unpaired student T-test was performed to compare mandibular movements between the infants in group A during breastfeeding and those in group B during bottle-feeding. Results：The acceleration of mandibular movements, the mandibular displacement, and the maximum angle at jaw opening were significantly greater during breastfeeding than during bottle-feeding（p<0.001 for all）. The amplitudes of the waveforms were larger during breastfeeding than during bottle-feeding. Conclusion：The mandibular movement was significantly greater during breastfeeding than during bottle-feeding. Breastfeeding might more require kinetic energy in mandible to obtain milk than bottle-feeding.

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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis（ALS）patients are unable to successfully communicate their desires, although their mentality is normal, and so, the necessity of Communication Aids（CA）is realized. Therefore, the author focused on Event-Related Potential（ERP）which is elicited for the target by visual and auditory stimuli. P200, N200, P300, and N400 are components of ERP. These are brain potentials that are elicited when the subject focuses attention on stimuli that appears infrequently. It is possible for ALS patients to communicate their desires by utilizing ERP as their intention information. So,“Communication System by utilizing Android-Smartphone Application”was developed for Totally Locked-in Syndrome（TLS）patient. It consists of the smartphone, the electroencephalogram（EEG）module and three electrodes. The caregiver asks ALS patient some simple questions. And ALS patient answers“YES”or“NO”to the caregiver. This system can detect their answer. Key words：amyotrophic lateral sclerosis（als），totally locked-in syndrome（tls），communication aids（ca），event-related potential（erp）

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We attempted to realize robot communication with older patients with psychological symptoms in an acute hospital using two approaches：the feasibility study and robot application investigation study. For the feasibility study, two robots, Pepper and RoBoHoN, with their initial applications were placed near the nurse station. The ward nurse observed that almost all the patients felt happy. For the robot application investigation study, we developed two original applications：a robot saying several sentences randomly and repetitively and a robot talking with the patients based on programed topics such as family and childhood. The study revealed that calling patients using their names and waving a hand was important to attract attention of hospitalized older patients.The nurse observed that a patient became willing to enter rehabilitation positively after hearing the robot speaking. In addition, we observed that 10 out of 11 patients felt happy to listening to the robot. The results indicated that the robots have the capability to decrease the psychological symptoms, provide encouragement for active involvement in the treatments such as rehabilitation, and increase the sociality of the older patients.

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