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Volume 39, Issue 1
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Fumihiko HORIO, Tsutomu SHIBATA, Yasuhito NAITO, Morimitsu NISHIKIMI, ...1993 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 1-9
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSL-Ascorbic acid (AsA) is synthesized from D-glucose in rats; the terminal step of this synthetic pathway is catalyzed by L-gulono-γ-lactone oxidase (GLO). In this study, we examined the effects of phenobarbital (PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC), both of which are known to stimulate AsA biosynthesis in rats, on the hepatic levels of GLO activity, GLO mRNA, and AsA. Firstly, the existence of GLO mRNA was examined in the liver, kidney, lung, small intestine, spleen, testis, and prostate from a male rat; and GLO mRNA was found to be present only in the liver, in which GLO activity was also detected. The intra-peritoneal injection with PB (100 mg/day/kg body weight, once a day for 2 days) or MC (20 mg/day/kg body weight, once) significantly elevated the hepatic level of AsA and the urinary excretion of AsA in rats (5-week-old males). The hepatic levels of cytochrome P-450IIB1 mRNA and cytochrome P-450IIB2 mRNA and those of cytochrome P-450IA1 mRNA and cytochrome P-450IA2 mRNA were also elevated in the rats treated with PB and MC, respectively, indicating a normal response of these animals to these compounds. However, the level of GLO mRNA and the activity of GLO in the liver tended to be slightly decreased by the administration of PB or MC, though the differences were not significant. Thus it is clear that the treatment with PB or MC stimulates the biosynthesis of AsA by increasing the activity of some enzyme(s) participating in the synthesis prior to GLO.View full abstractDownload PDF (1904K) -
Keizo UMEGAKI, Sachie IKEGAMI, Tomio ICHIKAWA1993 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 11-22
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the effect of restricted feeding (RF) on the absorption, metabolism, and accumulation of pentachlorobenzene (PECB), rats were fed either ad libitum (AD) or a restricted diet (at 25 or 50% of AD) for 15 days. On the 7th day (day 0), PECB (15 mg/rat) was orally administered. Daily fecal weight and the total amount of PECB excreted into feces were decreased by RF, indicating an increase in PECB absorption due to its prolonged retention in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the amount of PECB excreted was only 4.8% of the dose given to the AD group, and 2.1 and 2.4% of that given to the 50 and 25% restricted diet groups, respectively. The concentrations of PECB and pentachlorophenol, and major metabolite, in blood of the restricted diet groups were higher on day 2 and day 4, while lower on day 6 and day 8 than those of the AD group. On day 8, PECB in liver, kidney, brain, and fat tissue were also lower in the restricted diet groups; the PECB levels in such tissue in the 25 and 50% restricted diet groups were 10-40 and 5-11% of that in the AD group, respectively. These results indicate that PECB metabolism was increased by RF. As PECB is lipophilic, it is most likely that the fat tissue mass, which was markedly decreased by RF, contributed to the enhancement of PECB metabolism. The mechanism seemed to be as follows: as fat tissue mass accumulating PECB decreased, the concentration of PECB in the liver increased, thus the amount of PECB metabolites formed was increased.View full abstractDownload PDF (1708K) -
Akiko KOJIMA, Sabu KASAI, Yohko SUGAWA-KATAYAMA1993 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 23-32
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study tried to find what fat level of diets would have a good effect on recovery of the ultrastructure and the digestion-absorption function of jejunal absorptive cells in rats which had been subjected to starvation. Fat-free, 5% fat, 10% fat, or 20% fat diet was given for 3 days to the starved rats, and changes in the ultrastructure of the jejunal absorptive cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Also, glucose and triolein absorption were studied using an in situ perfusion system. Good recovery of the ultrastructure of jejunal absorptive cells was observed in rats re-fed the 5% fat diet. Glucose absorption did not differ among the groups except in rats given the 20% fat diet. However, triolein absorption in this group was lower than that of the other groups in both the upper and lower jejunum. The best fat level for recovery of the ultrastructure and absorption of glucose and triolein in the jejunal absorptive cells was concluded to be the 5% fat diet.View full abstractDownload PDF (2120K) -
Tetsuro HONGO, Tsuguyoshi SUZUKI, Hiromi ISHIDA, Michinori KABUTO, Kaz ...1993 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 33-46
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen the nutritional status of minerals and essential trace elements is assessed by their levels in plasma, intra-individual variation in the measured values, particularly diurnal variation, must be considered. In this paper, concentrations of nine elements (Na, Mg, P, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Se) in plasma collected 7 times in a 24-h period from 10 healthy Japanese adults were measured with hemoglobin and plasma concentra-tions of proteins (total protein, albumin, retinal binding protein (RBP), ceruloplasmin, and transferrin), total cholesterol, and cortisol. Then the pattern of diurnal variation in, and the interrelationships among, these parameters were clarified in subjects who consumed an ordinary meal. Significant diurnal variation examined by two-way analysis of variance (variations due to subject and sampling time) was found for Zn, RBP, and cortisol, Plasma Zn level was higher in the forenoon samples than in those taken in the afternoon. The pattern of diurnal variation found for cortisol was similar to, but slightly different from, that for Zn. The correlation coefficient between Zn and cortisol was significant (r=0.555) using the standardized values for individuals, and in the result of multiple regression analysis, cortisol level was selected as the significant explanatory factor for Zn variation; however, the sampling time was the most significant factor. For other elements besides Zn, no significant diurnal variation was found. Moreover, no meaningful factors were selected for variations of those elements in the result of multiple regression analysis. These results indicate that, in assessing Zn nutriture with its plasma levels, it is necessary to unify the sampling time.View full abstractDownload PDF (1469K) -
Semiramis M. A. DOMENE, Admar C. de OLIVEIRA1993 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 47-53
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study evaluated the digestibility of leguminous protein labeled with 15N, by using nitrogen balance and quantitation of fecal endogenous nitrogen (FEN), determined by isotopic dilution, in order to correct apparent values. Seeds of common beans, cowpea and common pea labeled with 1.000 atoms% of 15N-excess were used as protein sources in diets for 60 male wistar rats, during a 6-day assay. The real digestibility values obtained with FEN were 77.6, 84.4, and 86.3% for common beans, cowpea and common pea, respectively. They were higher and statistically different (p<0.05) than true digestibility values, corrected by non-protein diet. FEN showed a direct, moderate and positive relation with weight of dry matter eaten, initial body weight, weight gain and weight of dry matter of feces, the latter showing the highest correlation, with a coefficient r=0.8930 at 1% level.View full abstractDownload PDF (875K) -
Suh-Ching YANG, Michiko ITO, Fumiki MORIMATSU, Yuji FURUKAWA, Shuichi ...1993 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 55-61
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExamination was made of the effects of amino acids on alcohol intake in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). The animals were divided into two groups according to dietary protein level, normal (15%) and low (5%). The two groups were further divided into two groups according to whether they selected the ethanol solution containing amino acids (non-amino acid group and amino acid group). The 5% ethanol solutions with and without various amino acids were prepared in a water-supplying tube to which the animals had free access for 40 days. The 5% ethanol solution intake in rats fed the normal protein diet was higher than that of the low protein group. Regardless of dietary protein level, 5% ethanol solution intake increased in the amino acid group. Intake of the 5% ethanol solution containing 100 mM L-proline, 100 mM L-lysine, and 100 mM L-threonine was large. For the amino acid group of rats fed normal protein and low protein, plasma glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (GOT) activity was significantly reduced. It is suggested that the alcohol intake may increase by adding amino acid to the alcohol solution.View full abstractDownload PDF (758K) -
Toshio IWATA, Yoshiharu KIMURA, Kentarou TSUTSUMI, Yuji FURUKAWA, Shui ...1993 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 63-71
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRats were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet (5% lard, 0.5% cholesterol, and 0.25% sodium cholate) containing 5% of dietary phospholipid as safflower phospholipid (SAP), soybean phospholipid (SOP), or egg yolk phospholipid (EGP), or 5% of soybean oil (SO) as a control for 4 weeks. The concentrations of plasma cholesterol were significantly higher in rats fed the EGP diet than those of the other diets. Similarly, the concentrations of chylomicron plus very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol were higher in rats fed the EGP diet. The phospholipid diets induced a significant increase of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in comparision with the SO diet. The concentrations of liver cholesterol were significantly lower in rats fed the phospholipid diets than those of the SO diet. Among phospholipid-fed rats, the SAP and SOP diets decreased the concentrations of liver cholesterol compared with the EGP diet. The activity of plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyl-transferase (LCAT) was significantly increased in rats fed the phos-pholipid diets. The phospholipid diets caused an enhanced excretion of neutral steroids into feces. Among phospholipid-fed rats, the SAP and SOP diets increased the excretion of fecal neutral steroids compared with the EGP diet. The fatty acid composition of HDL phospholipid was slightly reflected by the major dietary fat source. These results suggest that SAP and SOP inhibit markedly the absorption of dietary cholesterol in the small intestine of hypercholesterolemic rats and that the effect of SAP and SOP on plasma cholesterol metabolism may be different from that of EGP.View full abstractDownload PDF (1191K) -
Taishi ODA, Seiichiro AOE, Hiroo SANADA, Yuko AYANO1993 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 73-79
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of soluble and insoluble fiber preprations isolated from defatted oat, barley, and wheat on liver cholesterol accumulation were examined in cholesterol-fed rats. The soluble and insoluble fiber preparations were isolated by a modification of the procedure of Asp et al. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 5 weeks, were fed a control diet containing 5% cellulose or diets containing soluble and insoluble fiber preparations for 9 days. Soluble fiber preparations from oat, barley, and wheat were added to diets corresponding to 1.9, 2.8, and 0.6% fiber, respectively. Insoluble fiber preparations from oat, barley, and wheat were added to diets corresponding to 3.1, 2.2, and 4.4% fiber, respectively. All of the soluble fiber preparations suppressed liver cholesterol accumula-tion, but they did not suppress the elevation of plasma cholesterol concen-trations. A significant inverse relationship between the quantity of ingest-ed soluble fiber and liver cholesterol accumulation was observed; n=28, r=-0.943, p<0.0001. None of the insoluble fiber preparations had any significant effect on liver and plasma cholesterol concentrations. These results indicate that the water-soluble fractions of oat, barley, and wheat are the active components that suppressed liver cholesterol accumulation, and that these effects are related to the quantity of ingested soluble fiber.View full abstractDownload PDF (991K) -
Waraluk KITTIWATANAPAISAN, Prapon WILAIRAT, Naiphinich KOTCHABHAKDI, P ...1993 Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 81-88
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo demonstrate the role of vitamin E on cerebellar function, studies on rabbits fed low and high levels of dietary vitamin E were performed. The L-[3H]glutamate binding to cerebellar membranes of rabbits fed normal, high and low vitamin E diet showed receptor density (Bmax) values (mean ± SEM) of 274±13, 637±37, and 265±60 pmol/mg protein, respectively, and dissociation equilibrium constant (KD) values of 257±99, 233±77, and 120±15 nM, respectively. Significant difference of Bmax from control was observed in the high dietary vitamin E group and of KD from control for the low dietary vitamin E roup. These results indicate that dietary vitamin E levels have demonstrable effects on the central nervous system, especially the glutamate neurotransmitter system in rabbit cerebellum.View full abstractDownload PDF (1121K)
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