About 15 soybean proteins were shown to be recognized by sera of soybean-sensitive patients with atopic dermatitis. Three of them were identified as major allergens and designated as Gly m Bd 60K, Gly m Bd 30K, and Gly m Bd 28K, respectively. Gly m Bd 60K is an α subunit of β-conglycinin well known as a major soybean storage protein. Gly m Bd 30K is also _known as a soybean oil-body-associated glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 34, 000, which is homologous to Der p (or f) 1, a major allergen of house dust mite, classified under the papain super family. Gly m Bd 28K is a vicilin-like glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 26, 000, a minor component fractionated into 7S globulin frac-tion. The reduction of allergenicity of soybean and soybean products has been developed with respect to the above-mentioned major three allergens as the targets by the use of the combined techniques of a chemical breeding, a physico-chemical treatment, and an enzy-matic digestion. Among the three major allergens, the α subunit of β-conglycinin and Gly m Bd 2 8K were eliminated from soybean seeds by the development of a mutant line, Tohoku 124, introduced by a chemical breeding technique. The strongest allergen, Gly m Bd 30K, was almost completely removed from defatted soymilk prepared from Tohoku 124 by a salting-out technique and a centrifugation under the limited pH and ionic strength and alter-natively by an enzymatic digestion. By the application of these procedures, several hypoal-lergenic soybean products, such as cooked soybean grains, soybean curd (Tofu), and fer-mented soybean paste (Miso), soymilk, and a jelly-like soybean cake have been made to eval-uate their usefulness by a challenge test for soybean-sensitive patients. It has been demon-strated by a preliminary trial that about 80% of the soybean-sensitive patients could ingest these hypoallegenic products without any adverse reactions.

抄録全体を表示

With the intention of examining the effects of dietary protein and oil levels on total cholesterol (T-CHOL) and triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations in the plasma and liver, male Wistar rats, weighing about 170 g, were fed diets containing graded levels of casein and corn oil for 2 wk. At the 5, 20, and 30% levels of dietary corn oil, plasma T-CHOL con-centrations were generally enhanced in proportion to the rise of dietary casein level, but plasma TG contents were scarcely influenced by the level. At the 8 to 3 5% casein levels, plasma T-CHOL and TG concentrations were the highest at the 5% corn oil level, followed in order by the 20 and 30% levels of oil. At the 5 and 20% oil levels, hepatic T CHOL contents were hardly changed at the 8 to 30% casein levels, but enhanced at the 35% casein level. At the 30% oil level, the T-CHOL contents tended to be changed proportionally to casein levels. At all levels of casein, hepatic T-CHOL contents tended to be relatively high at the 30% corn oil, middle at the 20% oil, and low at the 5% one. At each corn oil level, TG contents in the liver tended to be elevated at the 8 to 15% casein levels and highly preserved at the 15 to 25% ones. Then, the raised TG contents declined at the 5 and 20% levels of corn oil and re-mained constant at the 30% oil. At each casein level, the contents of hepatic TG were gener-ally high at the 30% oil level, followed in order by the 20 and 5% oil levels. These results in-dicated that plasma and liver T CHOL concentrations were proportionately enhaaced by the increase in casein level, and plasma TG contents were hardly affected by the level and he-patic TG ones were lowered by relatively lower or higher casein level, and the rise in corn oil level generally reduced plasma T CHOL and TG concentrations, but raised hepatic ones.

抄録全体を表示

Although several self-administered dietary assessment questionnaires have been developed for Japanese subjects, they have seldom been validated with objective mea-sures. We validated a recently developed self administered diet history questionnaire (DHQ) with fatty acids in serum phospholipid fractions, alpha- and beta-carotenes and alpha-toco-pherol in serum as a gold standard using 86 university workers (42 men and 44 women, age-range=24-67 y). The age-adjusted Pearson partial correlation coefficients between the intakes of marine origin n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUPA) (crude values, energy-ad-justed values by residual method, energy density, and fat density) and the serum phospho-lipid concentrations (percentage of total fatty acids) were 0.49, 0.51, 0.52, 0.48, and 0.58, 0.69, 0.66, 0.69 in men and women respectively. The correlation coefficients between in-takes (μg/d) and the corresponding serum concentrations (μmol/L) were 0.43 and 0.40 in men and 0.42 and 0.60 in women for alpha- and beta-carotene respectively. It was -0.23 in men and -0.22 in women for alpha-tocopherol. The intakes of major foods (g/d) of ma-rine origin n-3 PUPA, alpha- and beta-carotenes showed a relatively high level of correlation with the corresponding serum concentrations, whereas the level was generally lower than those observed in the analysis with the nutrient intakes. The results suggest that DHO ranks individual adequately for marine origin n-3 PUPA, alpha- and beta-carotene intakes.

抄録全体を表示

The pathogenesis of alcoholic pancreatitis is unknown, and even though hy-perlipemia has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for alcoholic pancreatitis, no studies di-rectly investigating whether there is a relationship between the two have ever been re-ported. Therefore, to determine if a relationship exists between hyperlipemia and alcoholic pancreatitis, especially the early stage of alcoholic pancreatic injury, we administered a reg-ular liquid Lieber-DeCarli diet, with and without ethanol as 3 5 % of total calories, to rats for 2 wk. Thereafter we measured their plasma lipid concentrations, pancreatic zymogen gran-ule fragility, and plasma lipase activity and subsequently investigated the correlations be-tween these parameters. Significant increases in plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, phos-pholipid, nonesterified fatty acid, pancreatic zymogen granule fragility, and plasma lipase activity were observed in the ethanol liquid diet group, compared with the values of the con-trol liquid diet group, and pancreatic zymogen granule fragility was correlated with plasma triglyceride (r=0.62), total cholesterol (r=0.77), phospholipid (r=0.76), nonesterified fatty acid concentrations (r=0.62), and lipase activity (r=0.63). These results show a possible relationship between hyperlipemia and the early stage of alcoholic pancreatic injury, and they may support the hypothesis that hyperlipemia contributes to the etiology of alcoholic pancreatitis.

抄録全体を表示

Long-chain fatty acids are important nutrients, but obesity is the most common nutritional disorder in humans. In this study we investigated the effect of oleyl alcohol on the intestinal long-chain fatty acid absorption in rats. We administered [¹⁴C]oleic acid and oleyl alcohol as lipid emulsion intraduodenally in unanesthetized lymph-cannulated rats and measured the lymphatic output of oleic acid. Second, we orally administered lipid emulsion with a stomach tube and measured the luminal and mucosal oleic acid residues. Furthermore, rats were fed oleyl alcohol as a dietary component for 20 days, and fecal lipid and the weight of adipose tissues were measured. In lymph-cannulated rats, triglyceride and [¹⁴C]oleic acid output in the lymph were significantly lower in the presence of oleyl alcohol when compared with the absence of oleyl alcohol in a dose-dependent manner. The radioactivity remaining in the intestinal lumen was more strongly detected in rats that had been orally administered oleyl alcohol than in the controls. The feces of rats fed an oleyl-alcohol-added diet contained much higher amounts of lipids, and the weights of their adipose tissues were significantly lower than in the control group. These results suggest that oleyl alcohol inhibits the rat gastrointestinal absorption of long-chain fatty acids in vivo.

抄録全体を表示

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of capsaicin, a pun-gent component of red pepper, on the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity and en-ergy metabolism in 16 age- and height-matched lean and obese young women. The sympa-tho-vagal activities were assessed by means of spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) during the resting condition and after the meal (2, 016 kJ) with capsaicin (3mg). Energy expenditure was also measured under the two conditions. There was no significant difference in any of the parameters of the HRV between the obese and control groups at rest. After the capsaicin diet, however, the very low frequency component (0.007-0.035 Hz) as-sociated with thermogenesis (315.8±78.0 vs. 814.8±211.7 ms²⋅Hz-1, p<0.05) as well as its responsiveness (delta changes: 14.6±104.4 vs. 369.2±121.7 ms²⋅Hz-1, p<0.05) were significantly lower in the obese than the control group. Energy expenditure was signifi-cantly increased in the control group after the meal (5, 574.7±221.2 to 6, 114.7±239.0kJ day-1; p<0.01), but no such significant thermogenic response was detected in the obese group despite nearly identical lean body mass of the control group. Our data indicate that regardless of the resting level of sympatho-vagal activities, the reduced sympathetic respon-siveness to physiological perturbation such as a capsaicin diet, which may cause impaired diet-induced thermogenesis and further weight gain, could be an important etiological fac-torleading to obesity in young women.

抄録全体を表示

To clarify the relationship between coffee and fitness, we investigated the ef-fect of coffee on weight gain and total cholesterol as well as production of cytokines and ac-tivities of GOT (aspartate aminotransferase; EC 2.6.1.1.) and GPT (alanine aminotrans-ferase; EC 2.6.1.2.) as injected lipopolysaccharides. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were di-vided into three dietary groups (n=16), which were fed a stock diet (control group), the diet supplemented with freeze-dried coffee of 6.2 g/kg (0.62% coffee group), and the diet supple-mented with freeze-dried coffee of 13.6 g/kg (1.36% coffee group). It was confirmed by HPLC analysis that the serum caffeine concentrations in both coffee groups became signifi-cantly higher in 140 days after the start of feeding. No significant differences in body weight and serum cholesterol were found between the coffee groups and control group, though the coffee groups tended to be somewhat high at cholesterol level. Activities of serum GOT and GPT increased at 2 h after LPS injection, but in the coffee groups were significantly sup-pressed (p<0.05). However, the coffee feeding could not suppress the increases of serum cy-tokine (TNF-α and IL-6) levels. These results suggest that coffee may serve as a preventive against liver injury.

抄録全体を表示

A simple and rapid analysis of total ascorbic acid (AsA) in serum and plasma and its automated analysis are described. AsA is oxidized by ascorbate oxidase (AsA oxi-dase) to dehydroascorbic acid that then reacts with o-phenylenediamine (OPDA) to form a quinoxaline derivative that absorbs at 340 nm. The change in absorbance is directly propor-tional to the total AsA concentration. The assay was validated with a linear concentration range of 0.8-80mg/L, and the within-day and between-day assays precision did not exceed 8.6% and 12.5%, respectively. On 47 sera, the manual enzymatic procedure gave 0.2mg/L on average lower values than those of an automated enzymatic procedure with a correla-tion coefficient of 0.847. On another 66 sera, results by automated enzymatic method cor-related well with the HPLC method and the regression equation is Y (enzymatic, automated)=0.97 X (HPLC)+0.1, r=0.980, Sy.x=0.6mg/L. An experienced analyst can perform about 24 manual assays per hour whereas the automated procedure gave a rate of 100 assays per hour.<

抄録全体を表示

Allergenicity and antigenicity of food proteins are generally dependent on their heat-stability and resistance to digestive enzymes. Using the methods of SDS-PAGE and immunoblots, we assessed peptic-digestibility of major milk proteins (casein, β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin) in commercially available infant formulas in acidic pH range (pH 1.5 to 4.0), and we also investigated the effect of NaCI on peptic-digestibility of cow's milk proteins at pH 2.0. The profile of peptic-digestion of casein was similar at pH range from 1.5 to 3.5 where the intact protein of casein rapidly disappeared, whereas slow digestibility of the pro-tein was found at pH 4.0. β-Lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin were digested at pH range from 1.5 to 2.5 and were almost entirely resistant to peptic digestion at over pH 3.0. In the presence of NaC1 at pH 2.0, casein showed a good digestibility by pepsin similar to that in the absence of NaCl, in contrast to β-lactoglobulin and a-lactalbumin both having their peptic-digestibility decreased in the presence of 0.2M NaCl. As the state of the stomach in new born infants shows low amounts of secretary pepsin and out of optimum pH of peptic activity, low digestibility of β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin in cow's milk based infant formulas at over pH 3.0 is supposed to be responsible for their allergenicity.

抄録全体を表示