Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology
Online ISSN : 1881-7742
Print ISSN : 0301-4800
ISSN-L : 0301-4800
51 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の14件中1~14を表示しています
  • Jerzy BERTRANDT, Anna KLOS, Bogdan DEBSKI
    2005 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 129-134
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The influence of vitamin B6 on linoleic (LA), α-linolenic (ALA), arachidonic (AA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid content in serum and liver of rats fed with protein-energy deficient diets for 90d, was studied. To estimate the effect of dietary supplementation with vitamin B6 on the composition and level of fatty acids in the serum and liver of rats, two experiments were performed. In these experiments control rats were fed ad libitum semisynthetic isocaloric diets of 1, 466.5 kJ/100g (350kcal/100g) throughout 90d while the examined rats were offered 50% and 30% of the previously determined daily intake of the diet consumed in the control group. The experimental diet was supplemented with vitamin B6 to the level 4-times higher than in the control diet. A reduction to the half consumption of a standard diet supplemented with vitamin B6 caused a significant decrease of LA and ALA in blood serum at 30 and 60d. At 90d of the experi-ment the value of LA was lower and the content of AA was higher in comparison to the con-trol group. After 30d of consumption of vitamin B6 enriched diet in rats subjected to feed restriction to only 30% of the control intake, an increase of ALA and a decrease of AA, EPA and DHA were noticed in serum. At 60d an increase of DHA was observed. Ninety days of feeding this diet caused a significant increase of AA level. Feeding animals for 90d with a vitamin B6 enriched diet, with limited consumption to 50%, caused a significant increase of ALA content in liver. Further limitation of this diet consumption to 30% caused a significant decrease of LA and ALA and an increase of EPA content.
  • Yoshiyuki NISHIKAWA, Yoshiharu MINENAKA, Mika ICHIMURA, Kaori TATSUMI, ...
    2005 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 135-141
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Astaxanthin (Asx), one of the carotenoids, is a red pigment in fish and Crusta-ceans, and possesses stronger reduction properties than conventional carotenoids, like β-carotene. However, little is known about the biochemical properties and physiological func-tions of astaxanthin. The effects of astaxanthin and vitamin C on stressed rats were studied physiologically and biochemically. β-Carotene and three kinds of astaxanthins, which were extracted from Haematococcus and Phaffia, and synthesized chemically, were used in these experiments, These rats given astaxanthins or β-carotene had stress induced on the 12th day by immersing the rats in chest-level water at 20°C for 24h after fasting for 24h. Rats given astaxanthins or β-carotene prior to stressing were appreciably protected against the evolution of gastric ulcerations in relation to control rats. Ulcer indexes in particular were smaller with the rat group fed astaxanthin extracted from Haematococcus than the other groups. Next, the effects of Asx and/or vitamin C on the protection of evolution of gastric ulcer in stressed rats were persued by the same methods as described above. The results showed that rats given Asx or vitamin C were appreciably protected against the evolution of gastric ulcerations in relation to control rats. The effects were more intense, especially in rats simultaneously supplied Asx and vitamin C than in rats taking either Asx or vitamin C. It was suggested that the simultaneous supplementation of food substances with astaxan-thin and vitamin C would supply enough antioxidants to offset stress-related injuries.
  • Xiang Lan PIAO, Hyun Young KIM, Takako YOKOZAWA, Young A LEE, Xiang Sh ...
    2005 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 142-147
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The radical scavenging effect and protective potential from oxidative damage by radical generator, 2, 2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), in renal epi-thelial LLC-PK1 cell of broccoli (Brassica oleracea) were investigated and identified the active components under the bioassay-linked fractionation method. The McOH extract, and frac-tions of CH2Cl2, BuOH and H2O from broccoli showed the 1, 1-Biphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, they exerted the protective effect against LLC-PK1 cellular damage induced by AAPH dose-dependently. In particular, the BuOH fraction was evaluated as the most active fraction, indicating that the BuOH fraction contains the active components with antioxidative capacity. Employing a bio-assay-linked fractionation method, the active principles were isolated and characterized as 1, 2-disinapoylgentiobiose and 1-sinapoyl-2-feruloylgentiobiose from the BuOH fraction. These two compounds from broccoli displayed potent antioxidant effects against the DPPH radical, showing the IC50 values of 5, 18 and 7.52 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the com-pounds significantly and dose-dependently recovered cell viability lowered by AAPH treat-ment, suggesting the protective roles from cellular oxidative damage. The present study suggests that broccoli has excellent antioxidative potential and the hydroxycinamic acid esters from broccoli, 1, 2-disinapoylgentiobiose and 1-sinapoyl-2-feruloylgentiobiose, are considered as the active components with antioxidative effect.
  • Masaki KAMAKURA, Motohiro MAEBUCHI, Sayaka OZASA, Masashi KOMORI, Tada ...
    2005 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 148-155
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    We used a DNA microarray to compare the gene expression profiles in liver among three groups of mice fed a diet containing 5% royal jelly (RJ), a diet containing 5% RJ stored at 40°C for 7d (40-7d RJ) or a control diet which provides the same total energy as RJ. Expression of 267 genes was increased or decreased by 1.8-fold or more in animals given the RJ diet for 14d as compared with control diet, though serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, glucose, insulin and leptin levels were unaffected. Many genes involved in cell growth, signal transduction, energy metabolism and transcription regula-tion were responsive to the RJ diet. Among the 267 genes whose expression was altered by RJ, 60% showed no change or a reduced change in response to 40-7d RJ diet. The 40-7d RJ diet contained little 57-kDa protein, identified as a possible freshness marker of RJ. Further-more, the RJ diet did not influence the gene expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes and detoxifying enzymes, whereas the 40-7d RJ diet increased the gene expression of glu-tathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase. Indeed, the RJ diet decreased the gene expression of cytochrome P450 4A14 (CYP4A14), which catalyzes peroxidation of endoge-nous lipids that is associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and alcoholic liver disease, while the 40-7d RJ diet was not effective to decrease the gene expression of CYP4A14. The results indicate that the efficacy of RJ decreased and the toxicity of RJ increased during stor-age at high temperature. We suggest that application of DNA microarray technology to the biochemical evaluation of food safety may be effective for rapid and precise quality control.
  • Akiko INAGAKI, Takashi SAKATA
    2005 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 156-160
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Large bowel bacteria convert various carbohydrates into short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). SOFA stimulate epithelial cell proliferation of the large intestine in vivo and inhibit that of various cells in vitro. Supposing that too high concentration of SCFA on the serosal side is responsible for their inhibitory effect in vitro, we studied effects of luminal and serosal n-butyric acid (0, 0.1, 1, or 10mmol/L, adjusted to neutral pH) on the epithelial cell proliferation rate of pig Colonic mucosa in organ culture taking crypt cell production rate (CCPR) as the measure of proliferative activity. With 0 or 0.1 mmol/L n-butyric acid on the serosal side, luminal n-butyric acid increased CCPR at 1.0mmol/L, and decreased CCPR at 10mmol/L when compared to the luminal 0mmol/L control. With 1.0 or 10mmol/L sero-sal n-butyric acid, luminal n-butyric acid depressed CCPR dose-dependently. The above results indicated that n-butyric acid stimulated colonic epithelial cell proliferation at low concentration and inhibit it at high concentration with interaction effect to enhance the inhibitory action. The stimulatory effect of a low dose of serosal n-butyric acid may be responsible for the distant trophic effect of SCFA.
  • Naoko KODAMA, Eiko MORIKUNI, Nobue MATSUZAKI, Yayoi H. YOSHIOKA, Hidem ...
    2005 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 161-168
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study was conducted to estimate the requirements of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) in Japanese young adults. From 1986 to 2000, 109 volunteers (23males, 86 females), ranging from 18 to 28y old, took part in 11 mineral balance studies after written informed consent had been obtained. The duration of the study periods ranged from 5 to 12d, with a 2-4d adaptation period. Foodstuffs used in each study were selected from those commercially available. The Na and K content of the diet, feces, urine and sweat were mea-sured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results of a study in which Na intake was 6.87g/d (ca. 300mmol/d), the highest of all the studies, showed apparent positive Na balances. In contrast, another study in which Na intake was 2.21g/d (ca. 100mmol/d), the lowest of all the studies, showed apparent negative Na balances. These two studies seemed to differ from the other studies, as shown by regression equations calculated from either data of all the studies (n=109) or data that did not include the two studies (n=90). The dietary intakes of Na and K ranged between 38.56-142.23 and 26.77-74.42mg/kg body weight (BW)/d, or 2.21-6.87 and 1.83-3.61g/d, respectively in the complete data, and 43.71-96.40 and 26.77-63.70 mg/kg BW/d, or 3.06-4.06 and 1.83-2.68g/d, respectively in the data that did not include the two studies. The intakes of the two minerals were positively cor-related. Na intake (Intake) was correlated positively with apparent absorption (AA) of Na, which was also correlated with Na urinary output (Urine). In the data that did not include the two studies, Na balance (Balance) was not correlated significantly with either Na Intake (r2=0.005) or AA of Na (r2=0.006). However, analysis of all the data showed a significant correlation between Na Balance and both Na Intake (r2=0.361) and AA of Na (r2=0.360). In the complete data, the mean value and upper and lower limits of the 95% confidence interval for the regression equation between Intake and Balance for Na, when balance was equal to zero (i.e mean, upper and lower limits), were 55.824, 60.787 and 50.862mg/kg BW/d, respectively. K Intake was correlated positively with AA of K, which was also cor-related with both Urine K and K Balance. There was a significant correlation between K Intake and K Balance in both the complete data (r2=0.213) and the data that did not include the two studies (r2=0.116). In all the cases, mean, upper and lower limits for K were 39.161, 41.782 and 36.540mg/kg BW/d, respectively. Intakes of Na and K did not corre-late with their respective AA rates (%). Within the ranges of K Intake in this study, K Bal-ance was affected markedly by K Intake itself as well as by Na Intake. However, in the case of Na, when the data of the highest and lowest Na intake studies were excluded from the analysis, Na Balance did not correlate with Na Intake, whereas the data of all the studies showed Na Balance was affected strongly by Na Intake. The data of this study allowed the estimated average requirements (EARs) for both minerals to be derived.
  • Jun MINAGUCHI, Yoh-ichi KOYAMA, Natsuko MEGURI, Yoshinao HOSAKA, Hirom ...
    2005 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 169-174
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to investigate whether the oral ingestion of collagen peptide affects the extracellular matrix of tendon, two doses (0.2g/kg and 1.0g/kg body weight) were orally administered daily for 56d to a rabbit, and both the size of collagen fibrils and the amount of glycosaminoglycans in the Achilles tendon were measured in comparison with those in a rabbit fed with a control protein, lactalbumin, or water alone. Ingestion of col-lagen peptide or lactalbumin induced a significant increase in collagen fibril diameter and a decrease in fibril density except for a high dose of lactalbumin compared with the water con-trol. A histogram pattern of fibril diameter in a high dose of collagen peptide showed a peak at 160-180nm, which was not observed in other groups. However the percentage of diam-eters over 200nm was the lowest in this group but highest in the low-dose group of collagen peptide. The mean fibril diameter and mass average diameter of a high dose of collagen pep-tide were significantly smaller than those in a low dose. The amount of dermatan sulphate increased in the high-dose groups, while the amount of hyaluronic acid decreased in rabbits fed with collagen peptide or lactalbumin at either dose. These results suggest that the inges-tion of collagen peptide affects the size of collagen fibrils and composition of glycosaminogly-cans in the Achilles tendon and thus may improve the mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon.
  • Shusaku UCHIDA, Aya KITAMOTO, Hisahiro UMEEDA, Nobutoshi NAKAGAWA, Sho ...
    2005 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 175-181
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Acute depletion of brain tryptophan (TRP) levels in humans has been used as a biochemical model of depression. In this study, we examined the effects of consumption of a diet low in TRP on emotional behavior in mice. Specifically, we assessed various parame-ters of emotional behavior in mice fed a TRP-limited diet for at least 1 mo. TRP-limited mice showed increased defensive, but not offensive, aggression in the resident-intruder test. In the social dominance tube test, these mice showed enhanced social dominance. Since defensive aggression is thought to be a reflection of not only aggression but also fear, these changes in the social behavior of TRP-limited mice are thought to reflect changes in their emotional status. TRP-limited mice also showed increased locomotor activity and mobility in the open field and forced swim tests, respectively, suggesting that their stress/emotional responsive-ness was enhanced. Importantly, these mice displayed normal levels of anxiety and motor performance as determined by the elevated zero maze and open field tests, and the rotarod test, respectively, suggesting that their hyperactivity was not due to a reduction in anxiety levels or to enhancement of their motor performance. Thus, dietary TRP restriction appears to result in alterations in the emotional response to stress, in mice.
  • Koji KAWAKAMI, Ikuyo MARINO, Takashi ASAHARA, Ikuo KATO, Masaharu ONOU ...
    2005 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 182-186
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Phenols (phenol and p-cresol) are amino acid metabolites produced by intestinal bacteria. Some reports have demonstrated that the accumulation of phenols in the serum has toxic effects in renal failure patients. In this study, we found that phenols accu-mulated in the serum of rats given a tyrosine diet, and that dietary intake of a galacto-oli-gosaccharide mixture (GOS) suppressed the accumulation of phenols in serum. Rats were fed a basal diet, tyrosine diet (basal diet with 2.5% tyrosine) or GOS diet (tyrosine diet with 5% GOS) for 2wk. The concentrations of phenols in the feces, cecal contents, serum and urine were determined. Concentrations of phenols in the serum, cecal contents and feces from rats fed the tyrosine diet were significantly higher than those in rats fed the basal diet. The concentrations of phenols in feces, cecal contents and serum, and urinary excretion in the GOS diet group were significantly lower than those in the tyrosine diet group. The pH of cecal contents was decreased by GOS intake. Furthermore, the serum concentrations of phe-nols were closely correlated with cecal concentrations. This finding suggested that concen-trations of phenols in the serum reflected phenol production in the cecum contents. These results showed that dietary intake of GOS could modify the intestinal environment, and sup-press the production of phenols in the intestinal tract and the accumulation of phenols in the serum. Thus, GOS may help improve the quality of life (QOL) of patients with renal fail-ure.
  • Tatsuya ISHIDA, Akira YOKOTA, Yuka UMEZAWA, Toshiya TODA, Kazuhiko YAM ...
    2005 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 187-193
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2009/06/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    The fermented milk, so-called “Caspian Sea Yogurt” in Japan, consists of two bacterial strains isolated from traditional Caucasusian fermented milk. In the present study, those strains were identified and characterized. Strain FC was Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic cocci and strain FA was Gram-negative, aerobic rods. Phylogenetic analysis based on 165 rDNA sequences showed that strain FC formed a cluster with Lactococcus lactis strains and was most closely related to L. lactis subsp. cremoris. Strain FA was included in the genus Acetobacter cluster and was most closely related to A. orientalis. The DNA G+C con-tents of strain FC and strain FA were 39.2 and 51.6 mol%, respectively. Biochemical tests and DNA-DNA hybridization clarified that strain FC belongs to L. lactis subsp. cremoris and strain FA belongs to A. orientalis. The culture supernatant of lactococcal strain FC inhibited the growth of L. lactis subsp. cremoris DSM 20069T and L. lactis subsp. hordniae JCM 1180T. The inhibitory activity was detected after incubation at 70°C for 60min or 100°C for 30min and was stable when the supernatant was adjusted to a pH ranging from 4.9 to 7.5. The antimicrobial activity was lost on treatment with proteolytic enzymes such as proteinase K, trypsin, pronase, and pepsin, although it was not affected by catalase. The gene of lac-tococcin B (lcnB) homolog was found in the strain PC. From the above results, the strain PC was thought to produce a bacteriocin-like substance.
  • Munehiro YOSHIDA, Satoru SUGIHARA, Yuki INOUE, Yûko CHIHARA, Mar ...
    2005 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 194-199
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Selenium (Se) species in Se-enriched shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) were identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICPMS). Two types of Se-enriched shiitake obtained from selenite- or selenate-fertilized mushroom beds were used. More than 80% of Se in both shiitake samples could not be extracted with 0.2 M HCl. Protease digestion released a large amount of selenomethionine from the shiitake enriched with selenite. However, most of the Se in the shiitake enriched with selenate was not released by protease but was released by a cell wall digestive enzyme and most of the Se released was identified as selenate. These results indicate that the main Se species in the shiitake enriched with selenite or selenate is selenomethionine bound to protein or selenate bound to polysaccharides in the cell wall, respectively. Several Se-enriched vegetables grown on a soil fertilized with selenate were also analyzed by HPLC-ICPMS. Four Se species, selenate, Se-methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, γ-glutamyl-Se-methylselenocysteine, and an unknown Se compound were detected in the vegetables. The composition of Se species varied with the kinds or parts of vegetables. The main Se species in bulbs, leaves or flowers of the Se-enriched garlic, onions, cabbage and ashitaba were selenate, Se-methylselenocysteine or γ-glutamyl-Se-methylselenocysteine, while those in fruit bodies of the peppers and pumpkin were selenomethionine bound to protein. Bioavailabilities of Se in the shiitake mushroom enriched with selenite and the vegetables enriched with selenate are expected to be high, but that in shiitake enriched with selenate may be low.
  • Hyun Young KIM, Takako YOKOZAWA, Eun Ju CHO
    2005 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 200-203
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effect of mustard leaf on nitric oxide (NO) production was investigated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. LPS induced the pro-duction of a large amount of nitrite, an indicator of NO. However, the addition of the ethyl-acetate (EtOAc) or n-butanol (BuOH) fraction of mustard leaf to LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages inhibited excessive production of nitrite significantly. Moreover, compared with no treatment, LPS impaired cell viability significantly. However, the EtOAc fraction of mustard leaf significantly protected cells that had been exposed to LPS. In addition, the result of nitrite production per cell indicated that the mustard leaf fractions significantly suppressed nitrite synthesis by macrophages. In particular, the EtOAc fraction was a stron-ger inhibitor of nitrite synthesis than the BuOH fraction. As NO is one of the critical media-tors in various disorders, these results may help to explain certain pharmacological activities of mustard leaf.
  • Akihiro NAKAMURA, Soichi TANABE, Jun WATANABE, Takahiro MAKINO
    2005 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 204-206
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Since the number of wheat-allergic patients has been increasing in recent years, less allergenic wheat varieties are socially demanded. The aim of this study was to primarily screen 324 varieties of wheat picked up from various parts of the world. Prior to the screening, the inhibition ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was examined with major wheat allergens (glutenin, gliadin and α-amylase inhibitor). As a result, the patient's IgE antibodies used in this assay reacted to these three allergens, and thereby turned out to be suitable for the primary screening for the less allergenic wheat varieties. Thus, the aller-genicity of each wheat sample was measured by direct ELISA using the sole patient's serum as an IgE source and ‘Aoba Komugi’ as a control (a value of 1.0). The mean±SD of all kinds was 1.14±0.37. Among them, ‘CM32859’ (Mexico) gave the lowest value (0.38). Several other varieties, such as ‘Einkorn’ (Unknown), ‘Iliniaza’ (Ecuador), ‘Hsin Mai 2’ (China), ‘Italy 1’ (Italy) and so on, also serve as candidates for the less allergenic varieties. More detailed secondary screening will lead to a finding of the less allergenic wheat varieties for wheat-allergic patients, because these varieties are expected to become mother plants for breeding.
  • Masaki KAMAKURA, Makoto FUKUSHIMA, Toshiaki ISO
    2005 年 51 巻 3 号 p. 207-210
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2009/06/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    We have previously shown that ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) sup-presses the storage-dependent degradation of 57-kDa protein, which is a possible marker for freshness and quality of royal jelly (RJ) through the inhibition of a proteinase in RJ. We sug-gested that EDTA could be useful as a preservative agent to maintain the quality of RJ. Here, we report the effects of other metal chelators, di- or tricarboxylic acids such as citric acid and malic acid, on proteinase activity in RJ and the specific degradation of 57-kDa protein during storage. Various carboxylic acids inhibited the proteinase activity in RJ, but did not suppress storage-dependent degradation of 57-kDa protein. However, when RJ was stored with various carboxylate buffers (pH 4.0) at 40°C, the degradation of 57-kDa protein during storage was suppressed through the inhibition of proteinase in RJ. Among the buffers, cit-rate buffer (pH 4, 0) effectively inhibited the decrease of 57-kDa protein concentration in RJ during storage. These results suggest that citrate buffer (pH 4.0) could be available as a new preservative agent to maintain the quality of RJ.
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