Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology
Online ISSN : 1881-7742
Print ISSN : 0301-4800
ISSN-L : 0301-4800
66 巻, Supplement 号
選択された号の論文の84件中51~84を表示しています
Nutrition Epidemiology and Food Security
  • Ivena CLARESTA, Dianti Desita SARI, Susi NUROHMI, FATHIMAH, Amilia Yu ...
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S283-S285
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    Rasulullah Shallahu’alaihiwassalam said, “if a fly falls in the vessel anyone of you, let him dip all of it (in the vessel) and then throw it away, for in one of its wings has the ailment and the other has the cure” (Al-Bukhari). This hadith creates controversy because in general flies are a vector for the spread of disease from dirty places to food or drinks. Therefore, the research was conducted on right-wing of fly (Musca domestica) as neutralization of drinks contaminated by a microbe. This research used the method of Complete Random Design by 5 treatments and 2 repetitions. The treatment was done by sterilized water (positive control), drinking water added to the bacteria Escherichia coli (negative control), and drinking water contaminated by Escherichia coli bacteria with the addition of 1, 2, and 3 flies right-wings. The research began with taking the right-wing of fly and continued with the dilution of Escherichia coli culture tubes up to 6 times. The bacterial culture inoculation was carried out using Pour Plate method on Eosin Methylene Blue agar which is incubated for 12–48 h at a temperature of 37ºC. Data retrieval is done by observing the calculation of the number of microbes using a colony counter every 12 h. The data which obtained for 48 h incubation show “0” as the result, that cannot be analyzed with SPSS. The result indicates the microbial development does not occur on contaminated drinks by addition with right-wing of Musca domestica.

  • Made ASTAWAN, Tutik WRESDIYATI, Eko Hari PURNOMO, Anthony PURWANTO
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S286-S294
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    Soybeans are a source of plant-based protein with a fairly complete composition of essential amino acids. Most of the soybean raw material in Indonesia originates from the United States of America where around 75% of the soybeans are transgenic soybeans (Roundup Ready GMO). One of the easily produced and practical soybean products is soy flour. The purpose of this study was to compare the physicochemical properties of flour made from three types of soybeans: local soybeans, imported transgenic soybeans, and imported non-transgenic soybeans. The study was conducted in two phases: the preliminary study, where the physicochemical properties of the three varieties of soybeans were assessed, and the main study which involved the production of soy flour and the analysis of their physicochemical properties. The results of the preliminary analysis revealed that the local soybeans had greater length and width dimensions, volume, bulk density, 100-seed weight, and protein content than transgenic and imported non-transgenic soybeans. The statistical analysis demonstrated that soybean variety had a significant effect on the physicochemical properties of the flour produced, namely the yield, color, water activity, bulk density, repose angle, moisture, ash, protein, fat, and mineral content, and the antioxidant capacity parameters. On the other hand, soybean variety did not have a significant effect on the carbohydrate and total phenolic content. Based on the physicochemical properties, local soy flour had a number of properties that were equivalent to those of imported soy flour and was even superior in its protein content and antioxidant capacity.

Biochemistry, Physiology, Nutrition and Immunity
  • Arif Sabta AJI, Yusrawati YUSRAWATI, Safarina G MALIK, Nur Indrawaty L ...
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S295-S303
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    Several candidate genes in vitamin D synthesis and metabolism have been reported to have a significant association with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in Caucasians and African Americans. Few studies have indicated this relationship among Asians, especially in pregnant Minangkabau women, Indonesia. This study was conducted among 180 singleton pregnant women of West Sumatran Vitamin D Pregnant Mother (VDPM) cohort study. Serum 25(OH)D obtained in the third trimester (T3). Genetic risk scores (GRS) were created based on six vitamin D-related SNPs and their association with 25(OH)D levels were tested. Informations on demographics, lifestyle, pregnancy profile, and physical activity were collected using questionnaire. The average of 25(OH)D concentration was 21.21±10.41 ng/mL respectively. Vitamin D-GRS has significantly associated with serum 25(OH)D levels in the third trimester (p=0.006). However, the synthesis-GRS and metabolism-GRS group of vitamin D-related gene polymorphisms had no association with 25(OH)D concentration at T3 (p>0.05). A high prevalence of insufficient-deficient vitamin D status at T3 was common. We observed an association between vitamin D-GRS and 25(OH)D concentration. The results of this study provides additional support for possible role of genetic variants in vitamin D-related gene polymorphisms on 25(OH)D concentration during pregnancy. Further replication studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm thefindings.

  • Divya KUMARI, Arnab CHATTERJEE, Virendra PANPATIL, Sandeep KUMAR, Sudi ...
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S304-S307
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    Zinc deficiency is rapidly emerging as one of the important concerns in public health nutrition. Early diagnosis of zinc deficiency remains a major challenge. We investigated the expression level of different zinc transporters in zinc-deficient condition induced by TPEN, an intracellular zinc chelator in different cell lines like human monocyte (THP-1), skeletal muscle (RD), bone (Saos-2), liver (HepG2), representing different tissues which play key roles in zinc homeostasis. Cells were exposed to TPEN at various concentrations (2, 5, 10 μM) for 2 to12 h and mRNA levels of ZnT1 and MT were analyzed using qPCR. Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA. ZnT1 expression was significantly different at 4 h with TPEN concentration of 2 μM and 5 μM as compared to untreated controls in THP-1, whereas in HepG2, significant differences were observed at 5 μM and 10 μM TPEN concentration after 6 h. In RD, significant differences were observed at 4 h in presence of 2 μM TPEN and in Saos2 expression was significantly different at 2 h with 2 μM, 5 μM, and 10 μM TPEN as compared to respective controls. Expression of MT in THP1 was significantly different at 2 h and 12 h control in presence of 2 μM, 5 μM and 10 μM TPEN, whereas in HepG2 significant differences were found at 2 μM, 5 μM, and 10 μM TPEN after 6 h of treatment. RD MT expression was significantly different in 10 μM for 12 h. Similarly, Saos2 expression was significantly different in the presence of 5 μM and 10 μM TPEN. Conclusions: This study may help in understanding the molecular cross talks among different zinc tissue storage depots during zinc deficiency and identification of early biomarkers for zinc deficiency.

  • Etika Ratna NOER, Luthfia DEWI, Emy HURIYATI, Kis DJAMIATUN, Hardhono ...
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S308-S313
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    Abdominal obesity is defined as an accumulation visceral fat in abdomen region. It is linked to metabolic disorders that contribute to chronic diseases. Triglyceride (TG) to high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) ratio is considered as an insulin resistance (IR) marker. The waist to height ratio (WHtR) has been advocated as an effective and convenient measurement of central adiposity that could potentially be superior instead of BMI in determining cardiometabolic risk. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 8-wk-high protein diet and exercise on TG/HDL ratio, waist to height ratio (WHtR), body fat (BF) and body weight (BW). This study was a randomized clinical trial in 43 subjects with BMI >25 kg/m2. Subjects were randomized into 3 groups: High Protein Diet and Exercise (HPDE; n=15) High Protein Diet (HPD; n=15) and Control Group (CG; n=13). The prescribed diet consisted of 1,200 calories; while the exercise was conducted for 5 times/wk for 8 wk. The hypocaloric diet comprised of 55% carbohydrate, 25% protein, and 20% fat. In the end of the study, HPDE group had greater weight loss (−2.3±1.9 kg) than HPD (−1.8±2.2 kg); while CG increased in weight (1.8±1.3 kg). HPDE group had significantly improved TG, HDL, TG/HDL ratio and WHtR by −26.6 mg/dL, 12.7 mg/dL, −1.02, −0.02 respectively (p<0.05). There were significant differences between 3 groups, with ΔTG (p=0.008), ΔHDL (p=0.001), and ΔTG/HDL ratio (p=0.004) and WHtR (p=0.001). In conclusion, t hypocaloric diet combined with exercise has a beneficial effect in weight loss among young obese.

  • Made ASTAWAN, Tutik WRESDIYATI, SUBARNA, Khalid ASYAIFULLAH
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S314-S319
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    Tempe is a nutritious food that contains both macronutrients and micronutrients in an adequate amount. Tempe contains a high amount of calcium, so it is an affordable food product that can be purchased by most people in Indonesia. Calcium deficiency can lead to several diseases and disorders such as osteoporosis, hypertension, heart disease, and nerve damage. This study was aimed to evaluate: (1) the calcium bioavailability (absorption and retention) of tempe and boiled soybean flours compared to casein (control), (2) the effect of tempe and boiled soybean flours on blood calcium and osfemurs in rats. This study was conducted using rats as a model. The rats were divided into four treatment groups based on the sources and protein concentrations in the diet; tempe flour 10% protein, tempe flour 20% protein, boiled soybean flour 10% protein, and casein 10% protein as a control. This experiment was conducted for over than 90 d. The results showed that the sources of protein (casein, tempe flour, and boiled soybean flour) and protein level in the diet (10% and 20%) had no significantl effect (p>0.05) to the calcium absorption, calcium retention, calcium content in serum, calcium content in osfemurs, and total calcium in osfemurs. Tempe flour and boiled soybean flour can be consumed as a calcium source to substitute the consumption of calcium from dairy products.

  • Ria Purnawian SULISTIANI, Diana Nur AFIFAH, Tjokorda Gde Dalem PEMAYUN ...
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S320-S323
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has reached a number of 382 million in 2013 and expected to rise to 592 million by 2035. Chronic diabetes can lead to impaired formation of erythropoietin in haemoglobin production and may cause anemia. Inhibition of aldose reductase is a key point of diabetes treatment and prevention of complications in diabetes. Colocasia esculenta (CE) leaf is one of Indonesian vegetables which has inhibition effect on aldose reductase activity. This research was a true experimental study with post-test only group design. 21 male Sprague dawley rats were divided into: K (control group), P1 (extract CE 200 mg/KgBW) and P2 (extract CE 400 mg/KgBW). Rats were induced to become obese with High Fat Sucrose Diet (HFSD) for 4 wk then extract CE were given for 3 wk. The data were analyzed with independent t-test. CE have a significant effect to increase haemoglobin but have no significant inhibition effect to erythrocyte aldose reductase activity. The results of this research found that the mean haemoglobin of control group was 13.14±1.55, treatment group 1 (P1) was 15.22±0.59, and treatment group 2 (P2) was 15.77±0.71. There was significant increase in haemoglobin (p<0.05). The mean of aldose reductase activity of treatment group was lower than control group. However, there was no significant difference found (p>0.05) between the groups. 200 mg/kgBW and 400 mg/kgBW dose of CE could increase haemoglobin and decrease the mean of aldose reductase activity.

  • Stephen SALIM, Felicia KARTAWIDJAJAPUTRA, Antonius SUWANTO
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S324-S328
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    Asian people generally have thin figures; yet, they often suffer from hidden alarming metabolic conditions due to high visceral fat area (VFA). Therefore, it is crucial to have a biomarker to predict visceral obesity to prevent further complications. SIRT1, a NAD-dependent deacetylase gene, is responsible for upregulating lipolysis genes and is downregulated after acute high-fat meal consumption. However, the chronic exposure effect remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between SIRT1 mRNA expression, fat intake, and visceral obesity in Indonesian population. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 38 healthy subjects (20–30 y old, not suffering any chronic diseases or fever, not taking any medication or treatment, not smoking, not drinking alcohol frequently, not being pregnant, and not breastfeeding). Dietary patterns from 24-h food recall, physical activities fom international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), medical data from annual medical check-up, and body compositions were measured using InBody720 and compared with SIRT1 expression from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) samples. Results: Subjects with excessive percentage of body fat (PBF) had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI) (normal: 20.28±2.09, excessive: 23.86±3.71, p=0.023) and VFA (normal: 48.00±9.38, excessive: 79.17±16.14, p=5×1025). The SIRT1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in subjects with excessive PBF (normal: 1±0.43, excessive: 3.68±2.62, p=0.018) and positively correlated with PBF (ρ=0.376, p=0.045). Conclusion: SIRT1 acted as a potential marker for obesity in the evaluated population.

  • Stephen SALIM, Felicia KARTAWIDJAJAPUTRA, Antonius SUWANTO
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S329-S335
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight; of which, over 650 million of adults were obese. Genetics and lifestyle play important roles in the development of obesity. Studies have shown that genetic variants contribute in developing obesity; such as FTO and CD36, which regulate metabolism and food preferences. Many researches have also emphasized the importance of lifestyle in obesity prevention. However, the interactions of both factors were still underexplored. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the interaction between FTO-CD36 variants and fat consumption on the metabolic status of healthy Indonesians. Twenty-one females and seventeen males were involved in this cross-sectional study. CD36 rs1761667 and FTO rs9939609 genotypes were identified from blood samples using PCR-RFLP. Data were compared with dietary patterns (24-h food recall), physical activities (IPAQ), medical records, and body compositions (InBody720). Results: CD36 rs1761667 AA and AG group showed higher —but not significant— fat consumption, WHR, and VFA compared to GG. The trend persisted after gender and physical activity adjustment. Meanwhile, FTO rs9939609 AT group showed significant higher WC, WHR and VFA in male subjects after gender and energy balance adjustment: WC (TT: 74.40±3.85, AT: 85.50±5.92, p=0.011), WHR (TT: 0.85±0.02, AT: 0.92±0.04, p=0.010), and VFA (TT: 48.65±10.61, AT: 78.48±15.18, p=0.010). CD36 rs1761667 might be correlated with higher fat consumption and visceral obesity; while FTO rs9939609 showed a significant association with male visceral obesity. These results indicates that both genetic variants were potential as visceral obesity markers.

  • Virendra V. PANPATIL, Divya KUMARI, Arnab CHATTERJEE, Sandeep KUMAR, V ...
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S336-S342
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    In this study, the protective role of turmeric on genotoxic effects of Bisphenol-A exposure in Wistar rats by in vivo experiment were investigated. Bisphenol-A is a known endocrine disruptor and suspected carcinogen, that comes diet through plastics for food packaging and food processing. In this study, rats were divided into three groups of twelve animals each and were administered with Bisphenol-A by oral gavage with levels of 0, 50 and, 100 μg. Half of the animals in each group were fed with feed which contained 3% turmeric (wt/wt), for a period of 4 wk, while the rest of the rats received the same diet treatment without the addition of turmeric. At the end of the experiment, all rats were terminated and the internal organs such as liver, kidney, femurs were collected and analyzed. Mean and SD values were compared by one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis-Wilcoxon test, the formation of micronuclei was compared using Mann-Whitney U-test. Significant decrease in serum malondialdehyde and urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine levels were observed in Bisphenol-A+turmeric groups as compared to Bisphenol-A groups. Bisphenol-A groups exhibited significantly higher mean levels of DNA damage in liver and kidney as compared to the untreated control group. Bisphenol-A group showed significant increase in the formation of micronuclei which was approximately threefold higher as compared to the control group. A significant decrease in DNA migration was observed in Bisphenol-A+turmeric fed groups in liver and kidney. Turmeric feeding significantly inhibited the micronuclei formation induced by Bisphenol-A. The study results indicate that turmeric can protect against Bisphenol-A induced genotoxicity in rats.

  • Zuraidah NASUTION, Wannee JIRAPAKKUL, Kullanart TONGKHAO, Wasaporn CHA ...
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S343-S348
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    Coconut water is reported to have lipid-lowering effects in animal studies. However, there is lack of published reports regarding its effect on adipocytes. This study observed the effect of coconut water on adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. The sample used in this study was mature coconut water from tall variety. Based on a preliminary study, the sample was heat-treated and added with certain amino acids as precursors for Maillard reaction to improve its original flavor. As a comparison, aromatic coconut water was used since it is highly preferred as a fresh beverage. Six samples were supplemented to 3T3-L1 cells, which were then analyzed for cell proliferation, lipid accumulation, triglyceride content, and gene expression. Arginine and vitamin C contents of the samples were also determined. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and followed by Tukey’s test. Results showed that aromatic coconut water could slightly suppress lipid accumulation, while mature coconut water had a significantly lower percentage of accumulation compared to the control sample (p<0.05). Canned and fresh samples had no significant difference in terms of lipid-lowering activity (p>0.05). Similarly, the addition of lysine and proline in canned samples did not significantly affect the cells’ differentiation. There was no significant effect on expressions of C/EBP-α and PPARγ, indicating the possibility of other pathways involved in hypolipidemic effect of coconut water. This study showed that coconut water might have potential to inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells due to its bioactive compounds.

  • Wasaporn CHANPUT, Richard LAWYER
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S349-S355
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    Rice bran is generally used as animal feed despite containing numerous nutritional compounds. Small peptides possessing high antioxidant activity can be obtained from rice bran protein via enzymatic hydrolysis. Immune-modulating and antioxidative activity of rice bran protein hydrolysates from crude rice bran protein and its fractions were studied. Albumin, globulin, glutelin, and prolamin proteins were fractionated based on solubility differences and hydrolyzed with two types of enzyme, namely pepsin and protease M. Albumin fraction showed a high degree of hydrolysis in both enzymes. Protease M differently digested rice bran protein fractions, in which it showed low digestion in glutelin and prolamin fractions. After 30 min of hydrolysis time, the reaction slowed down, and antioxidant activity remained constant in pepsin hydrolysis. Due to the high presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in protease M digested fractions (caused by the enzyme), it could not be used to determine immune-modulating activity. THP-1 macrophages were simultaneously stimulated with 100 ng/mL LPS and rice bran protein hydrolysates from 4 h of pepsin digestion. Reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and increase of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were observed from crude rice bran protein and albumin. In conclusion, pepsin-digested rice bran protein could be potentially used as antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agent.

  • Hsin-Yi YANG, Wan-Hsuan WANG, Jun-Ye ZHAN, Ya-Ling HUANG, Wei-Yi CHENG
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S356-S360
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    Overweight and obesity are associated with many chronic diseases. This study aimed to clarify the possible effects of consuming golden kiwifruit as daily fruit intake on body composition, lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses. Methods: We recruited twenty-two overweight and obese subjects and they were asked to consume two golden kiwifruit every day during the 6-wk experimental period. At the baseline and end of the study, fasting blood samples were collected and anthropometric and blood pressure measurement were conducted. Results: During the experimental period, no adverse effect and dropout were reported. At the end of the study, a significant decrease in body fat and circulatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentration were found. In addition, there was a reduction of angiotensin II (AgII) concentration and systolic blood pressure in subjects with baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥125 mmHg. Conclusion: Our results suggested that daily golden kiwifruit intake can reduce body fat mass, improve blood pressure and regulating inflammatory responses in overweight and obese young adults.

Public Health Nutrition
  • Anku MALIK, Geeta TRILOK-KUMAR
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S361-S368
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    Vitamin B12 is a water soluble micronutrient found in animal foods. Its deficiency is not uncommon in India owing to vegetarianism but often unrecognized due to diverse clinical manifestations. This review aims to collate the current data on vitamin B12 status in healthy Indian adult and elderly population. Online database Pubmed was searched for articles published in English between 2000 and 2019. Inclusion criteria consisted of original studies conducted on apparently healthy adult and elderly Indian population reporting serum/plasma vitamin B12 levels. Comprehensive literature search identified 14 studies eligible for inclusion. The deficiency prevalence reached 78.5% and 61.7% among adults and elderly, respectively, based on varying cut offs. Higher vitamin B12 levels were reported in women than men. Hyperhomocysteinemia (Hcy >15 μmol/L) was lower in females as compared to males (60% vs 90%, 14.9% vs 57.4% and 3.6% vs 20.9% respectively in three studies). Vitamin B12 deficiency was higher in vegetarians. The results indicate that inadequate vitamin B12 status is a wide spread problem in the Indian population. However, variety of laboratory methods and cut-offs of vitamin B12 deficiency and the heterogeneity in results pose challenges to draw clear conclusions on the extent of vitamin B12 deficiency in India. This review, therefore, highlights the need for more evidence based research to define age and sex specific cut offs for defining vitamin B12 deficiency.

  • APRININGSIH, Siti MADANIJAH, Cesilia M DWIRIANI, Risatianti KOLOPAKIN ...
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S369-S375
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    Anemia is one of the major problems among female adolescents in Indonesia. Weekly iron-folic acid supplementation was a cost-effective measure to tackle adolescent anemia. However, adherence to the supplementation is low. This study was aimed to explore the determinants of t highschool females’ adherence to consume iron-folic acid tablets. Using cross sectional design with 274 subjects. After obtaining consent the data were collected, coded and analysed using SPSS23. The inclusion criteria were high school female from 18 schools which had iron tablets program. The majority of subjects was 14–16 y old (73.7%). The majority of schools gave iron tablets to students without organizing taking iron tablets together (63.5%). The adherence to consume iron and folic acid tablets in this study was 45.6% (n=125). Almost half of highschool female (36.1%) cited they did not think that iron tablets are necessary while 12.4% cited experiencing side effects. Factors that were correlated (p<0.005) were school organizing taking iron tablets together, the student’s age, knowledge, motivation, self efficacy, prior Hb level examination, and teacher educating the benefits of iron tablets to students (OR=9.5, CI=5.4–16.8, OR=0.43, CI=0.23–0.78, OR=2.12, CI=1.29–3.48, OR=6.55, CI=3.77–11.4, OR=6.39, CI=3.7–10.9 respectively). The most important factors which determined highschool female’s adherence were school organizing students to take iron tablets together at school (OR=7.2, CI=3.5–14.6, p=0.000), student’s motivation (OR=5.3, CI=2.5–11.3, p=0.000), and class teacher educating students on anemia and IFA (OR=2.3, CI=1.2–4.6) meanwhile student’s knowledge, self efficacy, and prior Hb level examinations were confounding factor.

  • Arini HARDIANTI, Yhona PARATMANITYA, Siti NURUNNIYAH, Miftakhul JANNAH ...
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S376-S379
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    Anemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin levels in the blood is less than normal. Anemia remains a major problem for global public health. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that anemia affected more than 1.62 billion people worldwide. Data from National Health Survey (Riskesdas) in 2013 shown that anemia prevalence was 21.7%. Yogyakarta Health Profile showed that the prevalence of anemia women of reproductive age has increased from 22,45% to 28,1% between 2010 and 2014, while in Bantul was 20% indicating a moderate public health problem. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between knowledge, iron intake, and folate intake with anemia status among women of reproductive age in Bantul Regency.: This research used cross sectional method. The samples were selected by using probability sampling method with simple random sampling technique by lottery and specifying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was analyzed with Chi-square test using SPSS. The results showed that there was no correlation between knowledge level and anemia status. Anemia status was significantly correlated with iron intake, but not with folate intake. Conclusion: Anemia was associated with iron intake among women of reproductive age.

  • Aripin AHMAD, Siti MADANIJAH, Cesilia Meti DWIRIANI, Risatianti KOLOPA ...
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S380-S390
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    Undernutrition and iron deficiencies on under-five children in Indonesia remain high and very closely related to inadequate complementary feeding. This study investigated the effect of weekly nutrition education by home visite using the food monitoring card (FMC) models and daily provision multi-nutrient biscuits and combination on growth and reduction of iron deficiency and anemia among underweight children aged 6–23 mo in Aceh Indonesia. A 6-mo, cluster randomized, control trial was conducted on 121 children received nutrition education (NE), multi-nutrient biscuit (MNB), combination both nutrition education and biscuits (NE+MNB), and control group. The outcome weight gain and prevalence of underweight (weight for age z-score <−2SD) were collected by anthropometric and iron deficiency were serum ferritin measuring with ELISA method. After the 6-mo intervention, the rate of weight gain was higher in combination intervention group 1.51±0.68 kg than multi-biscuit group 1.40±0.72 kg, NE group 1.34±0.66 kg and control group 1.21±0.42 kg, and the rate increase of serum ferritin was higher in combination NE+MNB and biscuit group (2.54 μg/L and 2,17 μg/L). At the end of study there were a significant decrease in prevalence of underweight (p=0.003), the incidence of underweight in NE+MNB (45.2%) lower than NE group (63.3%), MNB group (64.5%) and control group (69,0%) and significant decrease of iron deficiency (p=0.02), the incidence lower in MNB group (6.5%) than NE+MNB (22.6%), NE group (23.3%) and control group (24.1%). The combination of nutritional education and multi-nutrient biscuits intervention improving nutritional and iron deficiency status on undernourished children. These risearch highlight the need integration of nutrition education and food base intervention to prevent underweight and iron deficiency on children 6–23 mo old.

  • FATMAH
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S391-S397
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two types of high-fiber biscuits on the lipid and anthropometric profile of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This study involved a pre- and posttest randomized controlled trial design conducted on 33 subjects of the first first group given caromma biscuit (made from modified cassava flour mixed with koro sword flour and date jam) and 31 subjects of the second first group given temma biscuit (made from a mixture of tempeh flour with date jam). Each group consumed 100 g of biscuit each day for 4 wk. The anthropometric data collected included body mass index (BMI), waist-hip circumference ratio (WHCR), body fat percentage (BFP), blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose (FBG). The lipid profile included total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride collected before and after the study. The two types of biscuits had similar nutritional contents in terms of energy, carbohydrate, and fat contents, and their glycemic indices were low. However, the fiber content of caromma was higher than that of temma. After 4 wk, the anthropometric profiles, such as BMI (24.47+5.62 to 24.56+5.55; p=0.008), BFP (32.18+6.83 to 32.68+7.22; p=0.4), and WHCR (0.85+0.67 to 0.86+0.65; p=0.015), were unchanged in the caromma and temma groups (BMI 26.68+3.82 to 26.75+3.92; p=0.072; BFP 35.96+5.34 to 35.90+5.15; p=0.907; WHCR 0.86+0.66 to 0.88+0.4; p=0.006), except reducing FBG (167.06+82.8 to 154.85+95.0; p=0.150 in the caromma group and 173.19+92.72 to 150.06+73.64; p=0.095 in the temma group). A significant improvement was observed in the lipid profile of the caromma group (cholesterol, 239.73+35.3 to 195.70+34.13, p=0.000; LDL, 145.18+29.89 to 122.24+29.00, p=0.000; HDL, 61.00+17.76 to 51.12+15.40, p=0.000; triglyceride 175.09+112.64 to 123.67+73.89, p=0.000) and temma group (cholesterol, 264.42+75.10 to 204.68+37.11, p=0.000; LDL, 154.97+53.59 to 125.45+30.56, p=0.001; HDL, 59.68+1,328 to 49.48+11.52, p=0.000; triglyceride, 226.00+172.56 to 152.48+99.88, p=0.007). Lipid and animal protein intake should be limited among patients with type 2 DM. A high lipid profile, which is dangerous for patients with type 2 DM, can be prevented. Originality: Caromma and temma biscuits can be consumed by patients with diabetes. Although these biscuits cannot improve the anthropometric profiles of the subjects, their consumption has positive effects on the blood lipid profile.

  • Hildagardis Meliyani Erista NAI, Brigitte Sarah RENYOET
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S398-S405
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    The period of pregnancy and the first two years of children are called the golden period so that the adequacy intake of macro and micronutrients must be fulfilled. Stunting is a chronic undernutrition condition as a result of inadequate quality and quantity of complementary foods with or without infectious diseases. Quality and quantity of complementary foods can affect linear growth. To analyzed the association between dietary diversity and stunting among children aged 6–23 mo in the area of Mergangsan public health center, Yogyakarta. Method: Study was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The population was children aged 6–23 mo from 60 integrated health service centers in the area of Mergangsan public health center with a total population of 343 children. The sample size was 135 children. Samples were selected using simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using univariate (descriptive), bivariate (chi-square test), and multivariate analysis (multiple logistic regression). The result of bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant association between dietary diversity of complementary foods (p=0.012; RP=2.87; CI: 1.23–6.68) and father’s height (p=0.03; RP=2.58; CI: 1.06–6.30) with stunting. The result of the multivariate analysis showed that there was a significant association between dietary diversity of complementary foods and stunting while there was no association between the father’s height and stunting. Poor dietary diversity of complementary foods was a risk factor of stunting among children aged 6–23 mo.

  • Makiko NAKADE, Yuya SHIOZAWA, Naomi AIBA
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S406-S411
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    In Japan, the amount of vegetable intake in young adults, especially at breakfast, is low. We aimed to examine the factors associated with vegetable intake at breakfast among young adults. In 2016, a self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted at a Japanese university. The questionnaire measured the frequency of ≥70 g vegetable intake at breakfast, lifestyle, eating habits, environmental factors, knowledge and attitudes (including the variable “Perceived behavior control (PBC)”, from the Theory of Planned Behavior). The data of 1,455 male students who usually ate breakfast were analyzed. They were divided into two groups based on the median of the frequency of vegetable intake and the above factors were compared using a chi-squared test by living condition. The significant factors were subsequently entered into a logistic regression analysis as independent variables. Eating breakfast with family or friends and PBC were positively associated with vegetable intake in students living with their family. Often doing one’s own cooking, having knowledge about a well-balanced diet, and PBC were positively associated with vegetable intake in students living alone. Along with PBC, different factors pertaining to an individual’s living condition may need to be considered to increase vegetable intake at breakfast.

  • Nila Reswari HARYANA, Lilik KUSTIYAH, Siti MADANIJAH
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S412-S416
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    Fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption is one of the important components in balanced nutrition, but FV consumption in elementary school students (ESS) grade 5 and 6 was still low. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of multicomponent nutrition intervention in teachers, parents, and students toward the knowledge and attitude about FV consumption. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre-post intervention method with nutrition education to three groups subject using comic and pocketbook in Nganjuk, East Java from February to May 2017. Subjects involved in this research were 10 teachers, 31 parents, and 31 ESS. Data analysis was with the paired difference test in three measurements. Based on Friedman’s test, knowledge and attitudes of participants increased significantly (p<0.05). The types of questions that were being improved were types of FV that contain potassium and the portion of FV that must be consumed. Subjects who belong to the category of having good knowledge also experienced a significant increased (p<0.05). The attitude scores on the three subjects increased significantly (p<0.05). Positive response to the attitude of FV consumption increased in the content of FV. The number of subjects who had a good attitude towards FV consumption also experienced a significant increased (p<0.05). Multicomponent nutrition intervention could improve knowledge and attitudes towards teachers, parents, and ESS regarding FV consumption.

  • Nindya Putri PAMUNGKAS, Eko Budi SANTOSO, Ivan WIJAYA
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S417-S424
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    Following the enactment of Law No. 18/2012 on Food, the Govenment of Indonesia mandated all districts/cities to translate a 5-yearly National Food and Nutrition Action Plan to address food security and nutrition problems suited with the local context. However, until 2019 only 18 of 514 districs/cities that has manifested this mandate. That the National Regulation is is more suitable for rural contect, challenges to translate the mandate into urban context are obvious. This study assessed how the Surabaya city develops an implementable food and nutrition action plan complying with the national mandate and the adjustments to fit the action plan with urban characteristics. A structured observational study of individual behaviour in developing a policy document was conducted in Surabaya city from May to December 2018. The Food and Nutrition Action Plan in Surabaya city was developed by the multi-stakeholders forum to allow participation from related stakeholders. Because city has insufficient capacity to self-produce the food, therefore the Surabaya City Food and Nutrition Action Plan focused on maintaining food distribution and affordability, which are not among the outcomes indicators of the national guideline. To prioritizing nutrition issues on the action plan, it must be ensured that the issues are also included in the city Medium-Term Development Plan. Otherwise, it will not be funded despite the national government mandates it. Unfortunately, food and nutrition issues are less prioritized in the Surabaya development plan. It is challenging to translate the national mandate to the city-level food and nutrition policy when there is no clear, differentiated reference policy for urban area. The completed Surabaya City Food and Nutrition Action Plan needs to be legalized by the City Mayor to ensure the implementation and monitoring. The support for the action plan implementation and monitoring is needed so that the outcomes of the food and nutrition action can be experienced by all the citizens in Surabaya.

  • Noviati FUADA, Leni LATIFAH, Dyah YUNITAWAT, Hadi ASHAR
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S425-S431
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    Early marriage has became a worldwide problems and so does nutritional status of children under five. Adolescent mothers is not ready to be married in terms of reproductive health or mentally. Early marriage contributes to the poverty cycle and also helplessness in woman. That many studies on the factors associated with the nutrition status of children under five. However, it is still rarely done in Families of adolescent mothers. This article aims to discuss factors related to nutritional status in children under five. Research design Cross-Sectional with logistic analysis (chi-square test) to 978 samples. Samples are families of adolescent mothers of children under-five. The nutritional status assessment based on, weight for height, weight for age, height for age. This study showed mental emotional disorder of adolescent mother, related with underweight (weight for age; p=sig 0.005) and stunting (height for age; p=sig 0.012). Another factor, wich related with nutritional status (weight for age) is clean and healthy behaviors of mother (p=sig,0.024). Clean and healthy life behavior is a disease prevention program. Variables included in multivariate analysis are, father’s occupation, economic status, immunization status, mom’s clean and healthy behaviors and mom’s mental emotional disorder. Interaction test results, there is no interaction, between mental emotional disorder variable of mother, and father’s occupation. The significant factor that related with malnutrition is mom’s mental emotional disorder. Underweight, stunting, wasting, closely related to clean-healthy behaviors and mental-emotional disorder of adolescent mothers.

  • Nur Ayu RUHMAYANTI, Yade Kurnia YASIN
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S432-S435
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    The golden standard of feeding in infants and children begins immediately breastfeeding within 1 h after birth. Breastfeeding exclusively start from birth until 6 mo, then the baby gets complementary foods according to the needs of their growth and continues breastfeeding up to 24 mo or more. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in social perceptions culture between breastfeeding exclusively and not exclusively in The Health Center of Kota Utara, Gorontalo City, Indonesia. A total of 112 participants were included in the study by randomized control sampling. Subjects of this study were breastfeeding mothers and mothers who had toddlers (0–3 y old) and had a history of breastfeeding. Results were that 58.9% of respondents gave exclusive breastfeeding consists of 64.30% younger mother and 78.90% respondents with tertiary education. 80.35% gave colostrum, 41.1% gave complementary foods to infants <6 mo, 100% family support for exclusive breastfeeding, and 58.92% respondents had good perceptions. Different test results showed there are significant differences (p=0.000) between the perceptions of nursing mothers who provide exclusive breastfeeding and mothers who did not provide exclusive breastfeeding. There were significant perceptual differences between mothers who give exclusive breastfeeding with non-exclusive ones.

  • Pande Putu JANURAGA, Edwina FRISDIANTINY, Yessi CROSITA, Wahdini HAKIM ...
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S436-S442
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    Despite the present of national policy support, the prevalence of early breastfeeding initiation in Indonesia are still low. Research has shown that health care workers are the most reliable source for breastfeeding advice, but sadly they were often lacking in capacity. The aim of the study to assess the involvement of civil society organization (CSO) and its associated factors in facilitating the implementation of Ten Steps for Successful Breastfeeding (TSSB) based on health care workers’ perspectives in Malang and Sidoarjo districts, East Java Province, Indonesia. We used qualitative approach to in-depth interview 117 participants and conducted 14 FGDs in Sidoarjo and Malang East Java. the PARiHS framework was used to identify the role of CSO in facilitating the BFHI implementation from the health workers perspective to offer insight on the facilitation process and development of future recommendations. The study found that the health care workers’ have good knowledge on the benefits of breastfeeding with significant portion of the knowledge that they hold are coming from trainings provided by the CSO. There was cultural context barriers within the community, where grandmothers are considered as an important influence factor esspecially for working mothers. The implementation of training by the CSO was considered appropriate due to its ability to address some pressing structural obstacles and provide not only training to improve evidence but also help in addressing other contextual barriers. The CSO has offered opportunities not only for dissemination of evidence-based intervention but also to close gaps on resources provision to attend courses.

  • PUSPARINI, Nitta ISDIANY, Susi TURSILOWATI
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S443-S449
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    Poor nutritional status or stunting still becomes a public health problem in Indonesia, with prevalence of 37.2% in 2013. Some research results show that stunted children have lower cognitive development than normal children. This study aims to assess whether there is an effect of giving multiple-nutrient biscuits and psychosocial parenting education on height and development of children under the age of three (toddlers). This study used quasi experimental design. The treatment was given for 2 mo to 28 stunted children who were divided into 3 groups, namely: (1) multiple-nutrient biscuits (2) psychosocial parenting education (3) multiple-nutrient biscuits and psychosocial parenting education. Multiple-nutrients biscuit was given 12 pieces a day for 2 mo. Meanwhile, psychosocial parenting education was given direcly by psychologist in the form of lectures, brainstorming and role play. In order to identify the effect of treatment on children’s height and development, the data obtained was analyzed using paired t-test, while the analysis of differences between treatment groups was carried out using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that giving psychosocial parenting education significantly increased height, children’s nutritional status based on height by age index, and improved cognitive development among toddlers. Giving multiple-nutrient biscuits and psychosocial parenting education significantly increased height and cognitive development among toddlers. In order to overcome children’s growth and development problem, nutrition interventions need to be carried out along with the provision of education about maternal parenting to children.

  • Putri RONITAWATI, Budi SETIAWAN, Tiurma SINAGA
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S450-S455
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    It is well-established that school feeding program (SFP) has been provided significant nutritional and health beneficial effects to student namely. SFP or school meal services program without nutritionist have lack of food delivery system, nutrient quality and health promotion. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the influence of nutritionist-based food service delivery system on food and nutrient quality of school lunch program in primary school. Methods: This study used cross-sectional design in two primary school in Indonesia that use different models of SFP (on-site (public-owned-public-managed) kitchen, off-site (ready-to-eat foods will be taken to school, preparation, cooking and sprinkling processes are carried out outside the school (catering)). Comparison analysis was done by using t-test independent. Results: We found that food service on-site model with nutritionist (Al Muslim) in school meal service, menu quality and hygiene sanitation better than Al Hidayah primary school (catering without nutritionist). The adequacy of nutrients particularly protein, calcium and iron in Al Hidayah students was significantly different than Al Muslim student (p-value<0.05). Conclusion: Primary school need to collaborate with nutritionist to plan the menu and food service system to achieve optimal nutritional status.

  • Sri SUPADMI, Ina KUSRINI, Hastin D KUSUMAWARDANI
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S456-S462
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    Several minerals are needed for thyroid hormone to work properly, such as iodine and iron. Iron is one of important essential trace elements that serves as co-factor for thyroid peroxidase (TPO). Those with iron deficiency have lower ferritin serum level than those who are normal. In particular, pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency (CED) have higher anemia risk than the otherwise. The study aimed to measure ferritin level, CED and hypothyroidism among pregnant women living in iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) endemic areas. A total of 37 pregnant women aged 18–45 y-oldwith pregnancy of 2 to 8 mo living in ID Dendemic of Dayakan and Watu Bonang Villages of Ponorogo District were include dinthestudy. Two different measurements were taken namely, anthropometric measurement of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) or upper circumference (UAC) which is more correct term to use, and blood markers of iodine and iron status were assessed using thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), and bloodferritin. Among pregnant women, 27% had hypothyroidism and 54.05% had iron depletion, with 30% had both conditions. The hypothyroidism was higher in pregnant women had CED than those non-CED, 50% vs. 18.5%. No significant correlation (p≥0.05) between hypothyroidism and both ferritin and CED, but adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was found at 7.7 (95% CI: 1.2–52.9), indicated more than four times higher risk of hypothyroidism in pregnant women with CED than the otherwise. Hypothyroidism in pregnant women living in Ponorogo was not caused by iron deficiency, but allegedly by lack of other nutritional intake. Conclusion: Integrated and sustainable efforts to improve nutritional status is needed since pre-conception and throughout pregnancy.

  • SURYANA, Siti MADANIJAH, Dadang SUKANDAR, Yulia FITRI, Aripin AHMAD
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S463-S467
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    Anemia and iron deficiency can cause detrimental effects on brain development, and continued iron deficiency anemia is known to interfere with development which results in a permanent delay in mental and Motor development. This study investigated the impact of anemia on physical development skills of under two years children in aceh besar district. A cross-sectional study design was applied to 102 under-two years children selected using cluster random sampling technique using village as cluster. A structured questionnaire to determine general characteristics such as maternal age, maternal education, maternal occupational, family income, number of family members and toddlers. Anemia status was assessed by Hemocue 201+ tool, and physical motor development such as gross and fine motor development skills were determined using Denver II instrument. Almost two- thirds of children were anemia, as assessed by blood hemoglobin levels of <11 g/dL, while 34.3% of them were experienced delay in either fine development or gross development skills. The prevalence of children with fine and gross motor development delay was higher in children with suffering from anemia (27.1% and 17.1%) than non-anemia, respectively (3.2% and 9.4%). There was significant association anemia status on fine motor development (r=0.291; p=0.003), while not significant to gross motor development (r=0.092; p=0.357). The prevalence of anemia in children 12–24 mo old was very high, and has an impact on motor development delays, so anemia prevention programs and motor stimulation intervention for under two years children are needed.

  • Suryati KUMOROWULAN, Yusi Dwi NURCAHYANI, Leny LATIFAH
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S468-S473
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    Iodine deficiency affects people of all age groups and yields detrimental health effects known as Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD). Universal Salt Iodization (USI) where above 90% household use iodized salt became the main program to optimized population iodine status. This study aimed to analyze iodine in salt, iodine status and thyroid functions from three different IDD endemic regions. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, with women of reproductive age (15 to 45 y old) as subjects, conducted in plain area (Yogyakarta) city (n=250), mountainous area (Bukit Tinggi city) (n=249), and combination of mountaneous and plain area (Purworejo regency) (n=249). Urinary iodine (UIE), prevalence of hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism (diagnostic based on combination of TSH and fT4 level), also the presence or absence and level of iodine in salt were assessed. Result: Iodized salt coverage have reached >90% household in all three region, while titration found 75.6% with adequate level of iodine in salt (>30 ppm), with wide range of iodine level in salt (0.00–218.2 ppm). With that condition, population in plain and combination of plain and mountainous area have more than adequate iodine status (218 μg/L and 224 μg/L), while population in mountaneous area still in mild iodine deficiency status (UIE median of 88 μg/L). Most population is in euthyroid condition. Hyperthyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, secondary hyperthyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and hypothyroidism were found in 0.7%, 4.8%, 0.4%, 8.9%, and 0.9% population consecutively. There were no relationship between iodine status and prevalence of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, but subclinical hypothyroidism most prevalent in excess UIE population (12.5% vs 8.3%). Conclusion: All three regions have achieved USI target. But the risk of iodine deficiency still found in mountaneous area. Household iodized salt coverage discrepancy between rapid test and titration strengthen the need of more accurate but efficient test of iodine level in salt.

  • Donny Kristanto MULYANTORO, Ina KUSRINI, Taufik HIDAYAT, Candra PUSPIT ...
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S474-S478
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    Iodine deficiency in pregnant woman can affect growth and development of fetus. People who live in an area that had affected by previous iodine deficiency may continuously affect by abnormal thyroid function. The aim of the study is to assess thyroid function, that was measured by the concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone, and its relationships with free thyroxine (fT4) among pregnant women in the two different geographic areas with previous history of iodine deficiency in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. Cross-sectional study was conducted in two types of location (replete and non-replete area) in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. A total of 243 aged between 15–45 y old with no pregnancy complication from two different geographics areas of iodine replete and sufficient were include in study. Blood biochemical markers such as free thyroxine hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone were assessed by Elisa method. Median of fT4 in non-replete and replete area was 1.18 (0.63–3.5) ng/dL; 1.12 (0.37–1.95) ng/dL, respectively. Whilst, median of TSH in replete area was 1.27 (0.09–8.21) ng/dL and non replete area was 1.3 (0.01–8.67) ng/dL. Correlation between fT4 and TSH showed significat relationship in non-replete area, r=−0.39 (<0.05), but it was not significant in replete area, r=−0.08 (>0.05). In addition, scatter plot showed the relationship between fT4 and TSH levels pattern in the replete area more widespread. Pregnant womens who live in areas that had affected severe iodine deficiency intake may have abnormal thyroid function but it still euthyroid maintain by adequate iodine intake.

  • Endah DAMASTUTI, Syukria KURNIAWATI, Woro Yatu Niken SYAHFITRI, Natali ...
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S479-S485
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the staple foods widely consumed by Indonesian people. They usually have rice as the biggest portion on their diet, therefore rice becomes the main source of nutrients of Indonesian people mainly for those whom live in Java Islands. Although rice is known to contain various minerals, but the minerals level are varied based on differences in geographic region associated with soil quality. Hence, quantity and quality of minerals content of rice from different regions of the world are particularly important to be characterized. The present aim of the study was to assess the composition of mineral of rice from different geographical regions in Java Islands, Indonesia using nuclear analytical techniques i.e. Neutron Activation Analysis method... Quality control of data analysis was assessed using SRM NIST Rice Flour 1568a and gave good results with accuracy (% bias) ≤5% and precision (%CV) less than 10%. The essential elements contents such as Fe, Zn, and Se were quantified and found in the range of 2.8–60.9, 2.48–28.8, and 0.01–2.17 mg/kg respectively, while for the toxic elements, Cr and Co in rice are also quantified and found in the range of 0.03–1.24 and 0.003–0.59 mg/kg, respectivelyThe elemental concentrations in rices from Java Island followed the order Zn>Fe>Se>Cr>Co. It also found that rices from East Java Province have higher concentrations of Fe and Se, while the highest mean of Zn concentration was found in the rices from Jakarta province. The daily intake of those elements in rices give significant contribution to their RDA values. These results of mineral contents in rice hopefully can be used as one of references for estimating daily nutritional intake status of especially Javanese people.

  • Wiwit ESTUTI, Sri Anna MARLIYATI, Rizal DAMANIK, Budi SETIAWAN
    2020 年 66 巻 Supplement 号 p. S486-S493
    発行日: 2020年
    公開日: 2021/02/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    The degenerative diseases in menopause-age women has been continued to increase every year. This study aimed to analyze the relation of body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat percentage on blood biochemical markers of lipid and oxidative stress in menopausal women. This randomized control trial (RCT) was conducted using a cross-over design. The subjects in this study were sixteen menopausal women in Ciherang Village, Dramaga Subdistrict, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel program and SPSS 23 software. The results showed that the subjects’ mean age was 57±4.63 y with the age range of 50–60 y. The subjects’ mean BMI was 27.55±2.11 kg/m2, the mean waist circumference was 90.77±7.16 cm, and the mean body fat percentage was 35.6±3.26%. The mean cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-c, and LDL-c levels after the intervention were 186.4 mg/dL, 119.8 mg/dL, 55.5 mg/dL, and 107 mg/dL, respectively. The mean MDA and SOD levels were 155.5 ng/mL and 27.55 U/mL, respectively. This study concluded that BMI had significant positive correlations with body fat percentage, cholesterol levels, LDL-c levels, and serum MDA levels. BMI and body fat percentage had significant negative correlations with serum SOD levels.

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