DDN male mice were injected with 250μc of thymidine-H³ intraperitonealiy 8 days after intraperitoneal inoculation of Ehrlich's ascites tumor cells. Samples of ascitic fluid were obtained 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17 and 20 hours respectively after a single injection of the labelled thymidine, and the tumor cells were collected. The interrelation of NADH-diaphorase activity and nuclear incorporation of the label was examined in the cells of each fluid.
1. Of the cells showing NADH-diaphorase activity (about 10% of all the cells), the percentage of the cells showing nuclear incorporation of the label was about 36 two hours after injection, 78 after 5 hours, 90 after 8 hours, 92 after 11 hours, 87 after 14 hours, 64 after 17 hours and 35 after 20 hours.
2. From the results of this and the previous reports, it was assumed that the NADH-diaphorase activity of Ehrlich's ascites tumor cells begins to appear in antephase, increasing progressively to the peak, and falls markedly in the latter prophase, almost disappearing after metaphase.
3. The number of chromosomes of Ehrlich's ascites tumor cells used in this study was mostly 72 or 74, with the contamination of the cells of other numbers.

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AICA and AICA orotate were given in massive doses together with 20% casein diet to rats with liver injuries induced by a low protein, amino acid imbalanced diet, and the effects of both agents appraised.
AICA orotate was apparently of value in recovering iodine numbers of fatty acids in liver lipids, increasing Palade granules and inhibiting fibrosis. Given in optimum doses, both agents may exhibit further effects.
AICA was effective in repairing cell necrosis but had rather an inhibitive effect on the recovery of fibrosis.
It is advisable not to use AICA alone to prevent metabolic unbalance of nucleic acids.

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Rats with liver injuries induced by a low protein diet were administered with AICA orotate in appropriate doses during the process of their recovery by a high protein diet, and its effect to hasten recovery was studied from various metabolic phases.
Clinically, AICA orotate often exhibited its effect to improve liver functions in patients with liver diseases, especially chronic ones.

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1. Monosulfoxides of symmetrical disulfide-type thiamine derivatives were synthesized by oxidation with perbenzoic acid instead of H₂O₂. As a solvent, acetic acid or acetic acid in chloroform gave better results than chloroform alone. The oxidation products thus obtained were identified as monosulfoxides of symmetrical disulfide-type thiamine derivatives by elementany analyses, ultraviolet and infrared absorption spectra and HI reaction.
2. One molecule of O-benzoylthiamine disulfide monosulfoxide (BTDSO) was found to be reduced with excess cysteine (pH 8.5-9) or Na₂S₂O₃ (pH 4-5) to two molecules of free thiamine. Preventive test of BTDSO in thiamine-deficient lovebirds showed the same activity as thiamine, OBT and BTDS. Biologically, one molecule of monosultoxide was estimated to correspond to two molecules of thiamine.
3. When BTDSO was orally and intravenously administered in rabbits, the blood thiamine level was higher and retained longer than in the case of thiamine and BTDS.

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1. The present authors have attempted to elucidate whether there may be possible occurrence of water-soluble vitamin D sulfate in fresh mammalian milk.
2. Water-soluble vitamin D sulfate was isolated as its water-insoluble barium salt from the aqueous layer of fresh deproteinized milk.
3. After repeating careful analyses, about 204I.U. of vitamin D was shown to be present in 1 liter of fresh cow's milk in a water-soluble form, whereas about 36I.U. per liter in a lipid-soluble form. In case of fresh human milk, it was estimated to be about 950I.U. per liter in a water-soluble form while 15.7I.U. in a lipid-soluble form.

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1. Toxicity of vitamin D₂ sulfate in saline solution in mice was tested by intraperitoneal injection. The lethal dose, LD₅₀, in mice, weighing about 20g, was about 2, 5000, 000I.U./kg.
2. Antirachitic potency of vitamin D₂ sulfate was tested by prophylactic method and it was found that the compound had about the same effect as vitamin D₂.
3. By administering 5, 000I.U. of the compound or 10I.U. of vitamin D₂ per head per os daily, gained the body weight till 15 days, whereas those receiving 5, 000I.U. of vitamin D₂ per head per os daily resulted in the failure to gain weight after 10 days.

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1. Using some thiamine derivatives, iBuTDS, DCET and TTFD, urinary excretion was studied in poultry with an artificial anus.
2. After subcutaneous injection, the urinary excretion was generally greater than after oral administration.
3. Of three non-thiazolium-type thiamine derivatives, iBuTDS and TTFD, continued longer in urinary excretion, whereas DCET administration resulted in less elimination as thiamine in the urine.

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The ketone bodies, acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, when admistered to niacindeficient rats along with tryptophan, inhibited the synthesis of niacin from tryptophan. Prolonged administration of the ketone bodies to rats on normal diet, induced a metabolic defect, which inhibited the synthesis of niacin from administered trypotophan. Administration of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybroxybutyrate for seventy-five days considerably decreased the niacin contents of blood, liver and muscle.

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1. The new flavin phosphate of Rhizopus, flavin cyclic 2′, 5′-mononucleotide (FMN′), was revealed to have the medium shape of fluorescence-pH curve as compared to those of FMN and FAD, of which percentage fluorescence was 95 and 83% of FMN at pH 4.3 and pH 6.9 respectively.
2. FMN′ failed to react as a sensitizer in dye-sensitized photopolymerization of acrylamide.
3. Equal amount of FMN′ co-added with FMN or riboflavin inhibited the dye-sensitized photopolymerization of acrylamide.
4. FMN′ underwent photolysis more slowly than FMN in some extent.
5. These photochemical properties may be caused by conformation derived from such primary structure.

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1. Both of FMN′ and riboflavinylglucoside mononucleotide of Rhizopus had no effect on the growth of L. casei.
2. The mineral acid hydrolysate of FMN′ and riboflavinylglucoside mononucleotide had growth-promoting effects for L. casei.
3. Riboflavin cyclic diphosphate of Aspergillus oryzae had no effect for the growth of L. casei, but the mineral acid hydrolysate of the new flavin showed a significant growth-promoting effect on L. casei.
4. The absence of growth-promoting activities of FMN′, flavinylglucoside mononucleotide and flavin cyclic diphosphate might reasonably be explained by the presumption that these are stable for the phosphatases of L. casei.
5. FMN of Mucor gave the same growth-promoting effect as the authentic FMN on L. casei.
6. The co-addition of FMN′ to riboflavin or FMN did not affect the growth-response curves of the latter.
7. It was possible to determine the conversion rate of riboflavin into FMN′ in the reaction mixture by microbioassay.
8. Some irregular forms of the cells of L. casei were observed in the 7th subculture containing FMN′.

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1. By addition of 10^-4 to 5×10^-3M Zn²⁺ in the reaction mixture, FMN′-producing activity of the dry mycelia of Rh. javanicus was inhibited.
2. Addition of 10^-4 to 5×10^-3M Zn²⁺ to the culture medium stimulated the growth and depressed the acid production.
3. The zinc-grown mycelia exhibited lower FMN′-forming activity.
4. Co-addition of riboflavin to Zn²⁺ reduced the effects caused by the sole addition of Zn²⁺.
5. By addition of 10^-6 to 5×10^-5M Cd²⁺ in the reaction mixture, FMN′-producing activity of the dry mycelia of the mold was inhibited, but the inhibition was reduced when incubation was prolonged.
6. Addition of 10^-6 to 5×10^-5M Cd²⁺ to the culture medium markedly inhibited the growth, without marked inhibition of acid production.
7. The cadmium-grown mycelia exhibited higher FMN′-producing activity than the control.
8. Co-addition of riboflavin with Cd²⁺ failed to reduce the effects caused by the sole addition of Cd²⁺.
9. From these evidences, it was assumed that FMN′ or FMN′-forming enzyme might play a role of regulator between growth and acid production.

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1. Irradiation of an equimolar mixture of hydroxyethylthiamine (HET) and α-lipoic acid in acidic ethanol with an ultraviolet ray lamp yielded an unidentified condensation product having various properties of both thiamine and lipoic acid.
2. The unidentified compound, tentatively named “Compound X” was obtained as an amorphous white powder (decomposition point 192°). Incorporation of the hydroxyethyl group of HET into “Compound X” was demonstrated by tracer studies using HET-hydroxyethyl-C¹⁴. Determination of free SH-group with 5, 5′-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoate) reagent revealed the presence of one mole of SH per mole of “Compound X”. The result of elementary analysis of its HCl salt was consistent with a formula, C₂₂H₃₅O₄N₄S₃-HCl. The compound is expected to correspond with the postulated intermediate in the acetyl transfer reaction from “active acetaldehyde” to lipoic acid proposed by Ingraham et al.
3. “Compound X” served as an acetyl donor in pyruvate dehydrogenation complex systems of E. coli as well as of pig heart muscle.

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