THE JOURNAL OF VITAMINOLOGY
Online ISSN : 2185-2553
Print ISSN : 0022-5398
Volume 15, Issue 3
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
  • E. J. de VRIES, F. J. MULDER, K. J. KEUNING
    1969 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 189-197
    Published: September 10, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A method is described for the routine determination of vitamin D (D2 and D3) in whole blood, serum, or plasma of warm-blooded animals. One determination requires 20ml of blood; the standard deviation is 3 I. U. of vitamin D per ml; the method is reliable from 5 I. U. per ml upwards. The procedure comprises: saponification, benzene-washing isolation, elimination of cholesterol by digitonin, vitamin A and vitamin E by chromatography and absorptiometry after reaction with antimony trichloride. Plasma samples can be stored for years without change in vitamin D content.
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  • HEITAROH IWATA, AKIRA INOUE
    1969 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 198-203
    Published: September 10, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The authors studied the uptake of thiamine by subcellular fractions of guinea pig atrium and ventricle after thiamine and thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD) injection.
    It was found that the supernatant fraction contained most thiamine, followed in order by the nuclear, the mitochondrial, and the microsomal fractions of whole heart, atrium, and ventricle of normal guinea pig. When guinea pigs were injected with thiamine or TTFD, the thiamine distribution was similar to that in normal tissues, both in the atrium and the ventricle. But, in the atrium, there was a great increase in the content of all fractions, while in the ventricle, the content only increased in the supernatant and nuclear fractions. Uptake of TTFD was more than that of thiamine.
    The difference between the mechanisms of transport of thiamine in the atrium and ventricle are discussed in detail.
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  • CHITTA HARAN CHAKRABARTI, BHARATI BANERJEE
    1969 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 204-207
    Published: September 10, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The influence of high dose of riboflavin, choline, inositol and niacin on hepatic biosynthesis of cholesterol of albino rats receiving a high cholesterol diet was studied. The animals receiving high doses of riboflavin along with a high cholesterol diet for eight and 12 weeks showed less hepatic biosynthesis of cholesterol in vivo from acetate-1-14C than the animals receiving a high cholesterol diet. On the other hand, animals receiving high doses of niacin, inositol and choline for 12 weeks along with a high cholesterol diet showed more incorporation of acetate 1-14C in liver cholesterol than animals receiving a high cholesterol diet.
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  • M. C. NATH, N. NATH
    1969 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 208-210
    Published: September 10, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1. Hydrolysed compound of glucose cycloacetoacetate was found to promote the growth of L. laichmannii 4797 along with a suboptimal dose of vitamin B12 but not alone.
    2. The compound showed a protection on the possible destruction of viitamin B12 during autoclaving, probably due to its reducing property.
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  • C. H. CHAKRABARTI, V. I. PANDIT
    1969 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 211-214
    Published: September 10, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The incorporation experiments with labeled serine in the crude microsomal protein fraction of normal and thiamine deficient rat liver were carried out. The liver microsomal fraction of animals kept on the thiamine deficient diet showed less incorporation of lebeled serine than the normal animals.
    The injection of thiamine in the thiamine deficient animals two hours before killing increased to an appreciable extent the incorporation of labeled serine in microsomal protein, indicating a possible role of thiamine in protein biosynthesis.
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  • TAKAKO TOMITA, TATSUO OZAWA, ISAO TOMITA
    1969 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 215-221
    Published: September 10, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    For elucidating the mechanism of acetoin accumulation by myo-inositol deficient Saccharomyces carlsbergensis the change of glucose concentration and pH during cultivation, stability of formed acetoin, the rate of acetoin synthesis and glucose uptake by resting cells were compared between normal and myo-inositol deficient yeast.
    The consumption of glucose by the yeast was complete in 24 hours when myo-inositol was present in the medium, whereas 3/5 still remained in the same period of incubation and a half remained unconsumed when myo-inositol was absent. pH change of the medium during the cultivation was insignificant for influencing acetoin accumulation.
    The cell suspensions decomposed no acetoin by 7.5-hour incubation and 30-40% by 10-hour incubation without notable difference between normal and myo-inositol deficient cells.
    myo-Inositol deficient yeast cell suspensions produced about 6.7 times acetoin (200mμmoles/mg of dry cell weight/hr) of that by normal cell suspensions (30mμmoles/mg of dry cell weight/hr) with glucose as substrate. The external addition of myo-inositol to the reaction mixture did not decrease the acetoin production.
    Glucose uptake by the deficient cells was slightly larger than that by nomal cells. Therefore, the problems such as the difference in glucose transport and the catabolism of the formed acetoin would be ruled out the from causes of the acetoin accumuation due to myo-inositol deficiency.
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  • IDREES BHAI, B. SIVAKUMAR, M. C. NATH
    1969 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 222-225
    Published: September 10, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Incorporation of serine-3-14C to serum albumin and globulin fractions along with that of glycine-2-14C to heme was studied in phenylhydrazine injected rats. There was an increase in albumin and heme syntheses and a decrease in globulin synthesis. Serum transaminases and cholinesterase activities remained more or less unchanged. Vitamin B12 levels were decreased in liver and kidney but increased in blood. All these results were discussed in the light of a lesser liver damage resulting due to an insufficient dose of phenylhydrazine. The protective action of glucose cycloacetoacetate hydrolysate, reduced glutathione and vitamin B12 in all the derangements were also contemplated.
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  • TSUYA YOSHIDA
    1969 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 226-232
    Published: September 10, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Bacillus macerans required biotin as a growth factor. The effect of the addition of Tween 80, aspartate, arginine, uracil and AMP (or adenine), singly or collectively, to the biotin-deficient medium on the growth of cells was studied. In the experiments of single additions, only Tween 80 among these compounds partially replaced the action of biotin. The other compounds also showed a nonspecific biotin-replacing activity when they were added collectively to the medium.
    The accumulation of keto acids (mostly pyruvic acid) was found in the fluid of biotin-deficient culture. The amount of accumulation was roughly in inverse proportion to the cell growth.
    In the normal medium, cells grew better under relatively aerobic condition than under relatively anaerobic one. In the biotin-deficient medium, on the other hand, the relatively anaerobic condition was preferable for the growth of cells.
    The phosphorylating activity of the cell-free preparation from cells grown in the normal medium was higher under aerobic condition than that under anaerobic one. In the case of the biotindeficient cells, the cell-free preparation showed a higher phosphorylating activity under anaerobic condition than that under aerobic condition.
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  • TAKAKO TOMITA, TATSUO OZAWA, ISAO TOMITA
    1969 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 233-238
    Published: September 10, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The changes of metabolites in the culture medium, the intracellular concentrations of glycolytic intermediates in the actively fermenting yeast cells and the related enzyme activities were studied to establish a possible mechanism of acetoin accumulation in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis due to myo-inositol deficiency.
    During the cultivation of the yeast for five days, the amounts of acetaldehyde and pyruvic acid were found to be low compared with that of acetoin but siginficantly large amount of acetaldehyde was detected in the myo-inositol deficieient culure medium.
    Specific activity of alcohol dehydrogenase extracted from the myc-inositol deficient yeasts cultured for 24 hours, was higher than that from the normal ones and more ethanol was found in the deficient cell extract when glucose was used as the substrate. Though the activity of pyruvate decarboxylase of the deficient yeasts was low, they produced 2-3 times as much acetaldehyde and 10-18 times as much acetoin as the normal yeasts by fermentation of glucose for 15 or 30 minutes. The accumulation of acetaldehyde is considred to be a main cause for the abnormal acetoin production in the deficient Saccharomyces carlsbergensis.
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  • TAKAKO TOMITA, ISAO TOMITA, TATSUO OZAWA
    1969 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 239-244
    Published: September 10, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Saccharomyces carlsbergensis 4228 (ATCC 9080) was cultivated for 24 hours in four different media containing 0, 50, 150 and 500μg of myo-inositol per 20ml. The growth of the yeast and the specific activity of pyruvate decarboxylase extracted from the respective cell preparations were found to be proportional to the amount of inositol in the medium. The level of acetoin in the culture medium decreased reversely with the concentration of inositol. Both acetoin accumulation and Pyruvate decarboxylase activity of the yeast were influenced significantly by the lots of Casamino acid used as a nitrogen source in the basal medium. Among five Casamino acid peparations tested, R 69 and NR 1219 gave the highest and the lowest “acetoin ratio” respectively. With the amino acid mixtures reconstituted on the basis of amino acid analysis of the two Casamino acids, the patterns of acetoin accumulation were the same as those obtained with respective Casa-mino acid. The increasing responses of pyruvate decarboxylase to the concentration of inositol in the medium observed with Casamino acid, however, were not reproduced with the reconstituted amino acid mixtures. Variation of the acetoin level in the culture medium seems to be caused by the composition of amino acids in the lots and the activation of pyruvate decarboxylase by inositol seems to be ascribed to an unknown substance in Casamino acid.
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  • TEIZO FUKUSHIMA, YOSHITSUGU NOSE
    1969 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 245-253
    Published: September 10, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The free amino acids and glucose of rat brains were determined after separation by high-voltage paper electrophoresis and the isotopic incorporation from glucose-U-14C into the individual amino acids was measured at the preconvulsive stage induced by hydroxy-methylpyrimidine.
    The absolute level of each amino acid was not so decisively varied, but the incorporation of labeled 14C-glucose into the amino acids was considerably lowered in the drug-treated group.
    The change of incorporation among each amino acid was relatively constant. It is assumed that the metabolic disturbances of glucose were widely brought about in the drug-treated rats.
    These changes were not restored by the concomitant administration of pyridoxal-HCI, though the convulsion was completely protected.
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  • TSUYUKO YONEMOTO, MOTOH OH
    1969 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 254-260
    Published: September 10, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The functional site of vitamin A was chemically and morphorogically studied in term of codeine demethylation by liver microsomes of vitamin A-deficient rats and in the level observed with electron microscope in liver tissues. Vitamin A deficiency resulted in a depression in the level of codeine demethylase, and in a proliferation of the smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum or vesicles and a declaration of the ergastoplasm or ribosomes in hepatic parenchymal cells. Even if the vitamin A-deficient rat was previously injected with codeine, the restorating induction of codeine demethylase no longer took plase. Vitamin A-deficient rats restored the demethylating activity of the liver microsome in 24-48 hours by means of the three day-administration of vitamin A, 100μg per day. Actinomycin D completly prevented the restoration of codeine demethylase to normal, by the experimental design providing vitamin A one hour after each treatment with actinomycin D. The abovementioned data indicate that the effect of vitamin A is to increase the synthesis of enzyme protein and further that the site of action of vitamin A was at the transcription level from DNA to RNA.
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  • TERUO TANAKA, HIDEO TANAKA, TOSHITAKA TSUBAKI
    1969 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 261-265
    Published: September 10, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Riboflavin-2′, 3′-dibenzoate, riboflavin-4′, 5′-dibenzoate, riboflavin-2′, 3′-di-n-butyrate, riboflavin-4′, 5′-di-n-butyrate, riboflavin-2′, 3′-dinicotinate and riboflavin-4′, 5′-dinicotinate were prepared from the monoisopropylidene derivatives. Migration of acyl group was observed in the riboflavin-2′, 3′-diesters. Riboflavin-2′, 3′-diesters are hydrolyzed more rapidly than the 4′, 5′-diesters, whereas isopropylideneriboflavin-2′, 3′-diesters are hydrolyzed more slowly than the 4′, 5′-diesters by hog pancreatic lipase.
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  • SHOICHI MASUSHIGE, TAKAO SUZUKI, YOSHIKAZU SAHASHI
    1969 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 266-270
    Published: September 10, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1. No biological activities of 2′, 3′-di-n-butyryl-4′, 5′-o-isopropyli-deneriboflavin and 4′, 5′-di-n-butyryl-2′, 3′-isopropylidene-riboflavin were observed.
    2. Riboflavin-2′, 3′-di-n-butyrate and riboflavin-4′, 5′-di-n-butyrate showed the growth curves quite similar to free riboflavin, but markedly more active than riboflavin-tetra-n-butyrate.
    3. Using vitamin B2-deficient rats, the curative experiments were performed, and the following results were obtained.
    FR>B2-2′, 3′-di-n-butyrate>B2-4′, 5′-di-n-butyrate>B2-tetra-n-butyrate. The di-n-butyrates were more easily hydrolyzed in vivo than the tetra compound, and produce rbdoflavin.
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  • KIYOSHI HARADA, RYOICHI HIGUCHI, ISAMU UTSUMI
    1969 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 271-277
    Published: September 10, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effect of thiamine or Sorbic acid on of bake's yeast was studied and the following findings were obtained.
    1. A large amount of thiamine stimulated the respiration. Butyryl thiamine disulfide or thiamine diphosphate had rather stronger effect than thiamine hydrochloride. The maximum stimulating effect appeared at the final concentration of 5.5 mM.
    2. Combined use of thiamine and sorbic acid exhibited the remarkable inhibition of the respiration, i.e., thiamine stimulates the sorbic acid inhibition, and the inhibition increased proportionally to the concentration of the vitamin. Butyryl thiamine disulfide and thiamine diphosphate showed the same interaction, but benzoate, salicylate, dehydroacetate or propionate in place of sorbic acid had no such effect. The remarkable inhibition also appeared with glucose, acetate or pyruvate.
    3. Sorbic acid incorporation in the cells was not influenced by thiamine. With the cells containing the high level of coenzyme A the stimulating effect of inhibition by thiamine was hardly seen. The results were various according to the lots of yeast. It was confirmed that the different levels of coenzyme A in the cells were the main reason of this variety. It became thus clear that the fact which sorbic acid inhibition was reinforced with the addition of thiamine was related to the coenzyme A level in the cells.
    4. The yeast growth was also markedly inhibited by the combined addition of thiamine and sorbic acid in the shaking culture, but in the stationary culture the characteristic inhibition was not recognized.
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