産業医学
Online ISSN : 1881-1302
Print ISSN : 0047-1879
ISSN-L : 0047-1879
1 巻, 7-8 号
選択された号の論文の19件中1~19を表示しています
  • 加藤 光徳
    1959 年 1 巻 7-8 号 p. 595-606
    発行日: 1959年
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 西野 俊策
    1959 年 1 巻 7-8 号 p. 607-613
    発行日: 1959年
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    At extremely early stage of acute lead poisoning in rabbits parathroid hormone (P.T.H.) and Ca-EDTA were administered, and the effect of these drugs upon removing lead from the body was observed. P.T.H. and Ca-EDTA were injected intravenously each independently or both combined. 1. By P.T.H. injection quantity of lead contained in urine did not remarkably increased, but quantity discharged was kept for long time at the same extent as before injection. Total amount of lead excreted with injection of P.T.H. showed 7 times as much as the control. 2. P.T.H. had effect of mobilizing lead deposited within the bone tissue, so combined administration of P.T.H. and Ca-EDTA can accelerate removal of lead from the body. 3. There were no ill-effect developed by P.T.H. injection.
  • 根本 健
    1959 年 1 巻 7-8 号 p. 615-624
    発行日: 1959年
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the first experiment, twenty-four healthy lmale volunteers were used as subjects. Their ives were shifted exactly by 12 hours, and the time of sleeping and of taking meal were kept same for all subjects. Urine was collected for every two hours while they were awake at night and in the lump while they were asleep in the day-time. An activity level of uropepsin was assayed by the West's method. On the third day of night-shift, the ratio of the uropepsin output at night to that in the day-time was turned, except for two persons whose diurnal changes of the uropepsin excretion were extremely irregular. Activity levels of these exceptional subjects got increased during the night on the whole with passing days. In the second place, nine nurses working in three shifts were also employed as subjects. A comparrison between uropepsin outputs during their duty at night and during sleep in the day-time was made. In all cases, activity levels of uropepsin were found to be higher at night than in the day-time. From findings above-mentioned as well as those obtained by others, the author infers that the diurnal rhythm of physiological conditions could completely be reversed, though difficult, under a suitable management. Therefore, the diurnal curve of the physiochemical capacity in the human subject may be obvious to intrinsically be re-adjusted by the way of life, but not by astrophisical influences.
  • 藤原 慶一郎
    1959 年 1 巻 7-8 号 p. 625-638
    発行日: 1959年
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. Body functions as revealed by body temperature, pulse rate, blood pressure, body weight and grip strength were observed in two to four days every month throughout a year in a team of seven workers working in a hot environment. Measurements were made six times in a shift, beginning just before the commencement of work and ending just after the finish. 2. In the case of daytime shift, body temperature showed two maxima at about 9.30 a.m. and 3 p.m., pulse rate and blood pressures (systolic and pulse) showed S-shaped change, concave in the morning and convex in the afternoon. In the case of night shift, body temperature, pulse rate, as well as blood pressures showed skew V-shape, lowering in the early morning. In this case, exact phase displacement of body functions by 12 hours could not be seen, although disturbances of the natural physiological wave were detected in body temperature and systolic blood pressure after the midnight. 3. Besides work, rest, food-intake and psychic influences, environmental temperature was found to have difinite effects on physiological manifestations. 4. Monthly changes of physiological functions were relatively closely related to temperature conditions of the working place and those of the room for measurement. Body temperature, pulse rate, or decrease of body weight (apparent as well as net) had a peak in summer and a bottom in winter, while systolic blood pressure or pulse pressure showed just the reverse. In the case of night shift, such differences in body functions in summer as against in winter were not so clear as in the daytime shift.
  • 西風 脩
    1959 年 1 巻 7-8 号 p. 639-649
    発行日: 1959年
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    今日における産業疲労の研究は従来の筋肉生理学に立脚する疲労研究の限界を越え,それが人間への機械拘束よりする精神身体機構学的研究に移行しつつあることはいうまでもなく,したがつてその産業疲労あるいはその現象に関する説明にも,そこに精神肉体機構学的性質を見出さざるを得ない。 したがつて著者は今日,疲労あるいはその現象につきつぎの如く説明を加える。 それは"精神肉体学的疲労因子にその原因を有する人間の内部環境恒常維持における機能低下乃至はその荒廃,換言すれば疲労因子のその精神的,肉体的の如何を問わず,それより作用効果づけられた人間の内外環境に対する順応性の低下乃至はその荒廃を指示し,そこに"人間の健康より死亡に至る間の上記環境に対するすべての順応現象"が包括されるものとする。 かく疲労を定義した場合,今日における疲労測定の意義はまことに重太なものとなる。 D.R.Wilsonの言葉をかりまでもなく, 研究の目的がいかなるところにあろうと,それが産業疲労,臨床医学研究の如何を問わず,その人体観察の重要なる第一の段階はまずそれら各研究分野において人体に負荷され適用された作用因子,乃至は治療因子の効果を個体全体として把握すべきところにある。今日の疲労測定の意義はここに存する。かかる意味において,現在,臨床領域において人体に対する薬物あるいは補液判定に,手術効果判定に適用されている今日の尿素係数の紹介が,産業疲労研究分野において多少なりとも益するところあれば,著者の幸いするところである。
  • 渡辺 享
    1959 年 1 巻 7-8 号 p. 650-663
    発行日: 1959年
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    With intent to grasp the degree of adaptation of the human body to low temperature environment, the author selected 45 healthy male subjects of approximately 20 years of age wearing relatively ideal apparel under low temperature outdoor labour conditions. Studies were centered on the measurements of criterion O/K3, which is thought to be normally at 20 approximately and rises in parallel with the degree of stress (fatigue), regardless of whether the cause is psychic or somatic. Results: 1) After 2∼5 days from the beginning of the experiment a remarkable rise was seen in O/K3 which was followed by a gradual decrease 2) When the maximum daytime outdoor temperature remained under -5°C, high values in O/K3 were seen. 3) In the present experimental conditions, the rise in O/K3 coincided with the rise in urine volume, urine chlorine and urine titration acidity.
  • 本間 昭吉
    1959 年 1 巻 7-8 号 p. 664-677
    発行日: 1959年
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Experiments were conducted in winter on 45 healthy male subjects of approximately 20 years, of age. The subjects were clothed in special cold weather apparel and subjected to outdoor labour during the daytime and slept in tents during the night. On the floor of the tent rice straw mats were laid direct on the snow over which a layer of straw was spread. The subjects slept in cotton sleeping bags stuffed to 5 cm thickness with chicken feathers. The intent of the present experiments was to grasp the degree of adaptation of the living body exposed to the above environmental conditions through urine quotient values and various biological substances appearing in urine. It was found that the urine quotient O/K3 which is considered as a criterion of the living body showed no correlation to the outdoor temperature during labour in the daytime. However, it was revealed that a definite correlation existed between the urine quotient O/K3 and the temperature within the tent during sleeping hours. This was prominent with respect to the minimum temperature. It was also found that after the first half of the experiment the rise in number of victims of common cold was approximately in parallel with the rise in urine quotient. As revealed by fluctuations in urine volume, urine titration acidity and phosphoric acid value, the rise in urine quotient values appears corresponding to the metabolic shift period in water and salts. In other words, it was noted that in the present experiments when the temperature in the tent dropped below 4∼5°C, the above mentioned equipment was inadequate to protect the subjects against the cold, and as a result the vitality of the living body was lowered and made vulnerable to diseases.
  • 林 喜男, 近藤 東郎, 祝 成之助
    1959 年 1 巻 7-8 号 p. 678-681
    発行日: 1959年
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Three different techniques of lead adminitration-per os, subcutaneous injection, and inhalation-were used in rabbits to study serum protein fractions by paper-electrophoresis. The paper-electrophoresis was carried out with technical precaution by which physiochemical conditions required for the electrophoretic procedure were satisfied, as pointed out by one of the authors (Y.H.) in a recent paper. A precision exposing chamber equipped with the Wright's dust feed mechanism (British made) was designed for long-term inhalation. The results obtained are as follows: 1) γ-globulin level was elevated in the course of the experiment in cases using the last two techniques. In the case using the oral method, no change was found. 2) α2-globulin level was slightly increased in cases using any of the three techniques. 3) Albumin level was significantly decreased in all the three sets of cases, especially in those by inhalation method. 4) It was noted that the fractional value of serum proteins might be affected by ingredients of foods, i.e. the commercial rabbit chow and the ordinarly fresh green.
  • 吉田 康久
    1959 年 1 巻 7-8 号 p. 683-690
    発行日: 1959年
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    低濃度弗素の生体におよぼす作用を明らかにするため,家兎に弗化ソーダを与え,20ヵ月間にわたり,その影響を観察した。幼若家兎12匹を4群に分かち,pro kg 0.017,0.17,1.67 mgの弗素を経口的に投与し,つぎのごとき結果を得た。 1. 体重,発育には差が認められない。 2.血液性状にはほとんど変化がない。 3. 実験後7ヵ月より斑状歯症状,切歯の咬耕がみられる。 4. 長管骨に骨皮質肥厚,厚経増大,彎曲度増加などの骨硬化症状が認められる。 5. 心電図には著変が認められない。 6. 病理組織学的に肝細胞に溷濁腫脹,空胞変性,腎細尿管に溷濁腫脹,心筋線維に軽度萎縮などが認められ,その程度は投与弗素量に比例する。 7. 弗素投与家兎の産仔にも病理組織学的に退行性変性が認められる。
  • 産業医学会
    1959 年 1 巻 7-8 号 p. 691-699
    発行日: 1959年
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    慢性弗素中毒を考究する場合に意義を有する微量弗素定量法について検討を行なった。従来のTh-Alizarin法の褪色度比色法ならびに光電比色滴定法を改良し,さらに精度を向下さすための条件を定めた。本法はF-とTh-Alizarinレーキとの反応にもとづいており,F-はTh++++と無色の錯イオンを形成することによって,レーキの濃度を定量的に変化せしめる現象を応用している。用いた褪色度比色法と光電比色滴定法は微量弗素定量として適当であり,つぎのごとき結果を得た。 1. 滴定法は検量線が直線になるので,routine workに適している。 2. 両法ともF-0.1γ/25ml (0.004ppm)まで測定できる。 3. F-0∼20γ/25mlにわたり,95∼105%の再現性がある。 4. 測定はレーキ発色後,正確に5分後に行なうことが必要である。 5. pHは正確度ならびに精度に影響を及ぼすので,測定はpH3.00で行なうことが必要である。 6. 光電比色終点滴定法においては精度の向上のために終点をE=0.080と定めた。 7. 本法に及ぼす妨害イオンの影響の程度はCl-,Ca++,NH4+,NO3-などは少なく,Mg++,Mn++,So4--などは中等度であり,Al+++,HPO4--などはきわめて高い。
  • 産業医学会
    1959 年 1 巻 7-8 号 p. 700-707
    発行日: 1959年
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    慢性弗素中毒において骨硬化症および斑状歯形成などの症状が認められるが,これらの変性と硬組織含有弗素量との関係を明らかにするために,家兎を用い実験的研究を行なった。 硬組織中の弗素の定量に最も適した自動水蒸気蒸溜装置を作り,試料を分析し,なおその際Sodium Fusion法,イオン交換樹脂法などで分解過程ならびに妨害イオンについて検討を加え,つぎのごとき結果を得た。 1. 蒸溜時間40分,溜液の量250mlと定め,96%以上の回収成績が得られた。 2. 過塩素酸による分解は完全で,また妨害イオンの影響はなかった。 3. 対照例においても大腿骨,切歯においてそれらの灰化物につき,それぞれ248,214ppmの弗素を含む。 4. 骨の変性は同じく625ppm程度以上の弗素が沈着したときに認められる。 5. 斑状歯をきたす限界は同じく1973ppm程度以上である。 6. 咬耕は同じく623ppm程度以上になるとおこる。
  • 山内 守
    1959 年 1 巻 7-8 号 p. 708-713
    発行日: 1959年
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study is to determine the basal blood pressure with sodium nitrite. To persons with maximum pressure over 130 mm Hg and minimum pressure over 80 mm Hg sodium nitrite was injected to examine the degree of decrease of pressure and pressure after decrease. The relationship between E.C.G. as well as fundi findings were also investigated. Results are as follows: 1. The higher the maximum pressure, the less its decrease after injection. 2. There were found a good number of people with arterioloscrelotic changes at fundi among those whose pressures were under 150 mm Hg after injection. In general, the higher the pressure, the more severe these findings. 3. There were many who showed the less decrease of pressure had the more changes at fundi. 4. Those with the higher pressure or the less decrease of it after sodium nitrite injection had the more severe findings of E.C.G. at the same time the arterioloscrelotic changes at fundi. Considering from the above results, blood pressures before and after administration of sodium nitrite in a resting state may serve as indicators of arterioloscrelosis and their measurement is thought to be an useful method for determining the basal blood pressure.
  • 島 勲
    1959 年 1 巻 7-8 号 p. 714-732
    発行日: 1959年
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. Tissue reactions produced by various dusts and BCG were examined. Mineral dusts used for the experiment were quartz, seven kinds of clay minerals, coal, charcoal, three kinds of graphite, hematite, magnetite, zinc phosphate and lanthanum oxide. Guinea pigs given a subcutaneous inoculation of these dusts together with BCG, developed higher tuberculin sensitivity as compared to those received BCG alone, and they revealed an abscess formation. No remarkable difference was seen among these dusts on the intensity of reaction. The abscess formation by dust and BCG was not modifined by vitamine C, novocain, hyaluronidase and adrenal excision. 2. The subcutaneous abscess formation was also produced by tissue homogenates of the liver and the lymph gland when introduced together with BCG. 3. When quartz dust and BCG were introduced intratrachealluy, more severe tissue reaction of the lung than those by quartz or BCG alone was seen, and in sometimes abscess was formed in the foci.
  • 海原 正
    1959 年 1 巻 7-8 号 p. 733-738
    発行日: 1959年
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    To see the effects of radiant rays on the organism blood inspection method, including the calculation of numbers of red, white blood cells and lymphocytes and blood plates is in common use. But the radiant rays are assumed to affect the white blood cells themselves, therefore we have made an experiment on the phagocytes of white blood cells exporsed varying irradiation doses as a method to know their functional disturbances. Body weight and red and white blood cell counts were determined simultaneously with the observation of phagocytes. Three groups, each consisted of five matured male rabits, were irradiated with 50, 75 and 100r X ray respectively. Before irradiation and after that in one week interval blood of rabbits was taken by heart puncture. Carbon black suspension of given volume and concentration was added. And, for only neutrophile white blood cell, phagocytes rate was calculated. A group, consisted of five rabbits, was made as the control. Observations were extended over 6∼8 weeks. Experimental results: 1. The body weight: Any direct effects by irradiation were not observed. 2. Red blood cell counts: Tendency of decrease by irradiation was found, but statistically significant difference was found only between irradiation group of 50r. and the control. 3. White blood cell counts: Slight tendency of decrease by irradiation was seen, but statistically significant difference was not found between the irradiation groups and the control. 4. Rate of phagocytes: Every irradiation group showed marked decrease and statistically significant difference was found between the irradiation groups and the control. Decrease reached the maximum at the 2nd week after irradiation. Recovery period and the degree of decrease corresponded to the exposure dose. 5. As to the red and white blood cell counts fluctuations among animals of the control group were great durning the experiment, but fluctuations among animals of the irradiation groups were small and showed a consistent tendency. This may be, the environment in general on the organism.
  • 皆川 洋二
    1959 年 1 巻 7-8 号 p. 739-745
    発行日: 1959年
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Several studies have demonstrated that what more than two factors acted simultaneously on a living body, the actions by the factors were multiplied or offset, differing from the picture of each single factor acting. This finding suggests that in conducting the hygienic control of working places where more than two factors are involved it may not be satisfactory to device the counter measures on the ground of the findings on each individual factor. So far, the studies were limited to the combination of chemical factors. The author was interested in the combination of chemical and physical factors, and he selected the combination of benzol with X-ray which was regarded as an important problem in the present industrial hygiene. The author investigated the changes in body weight, red blood cell count, white blood cell count, and rate of phagocytized neutrophils of rabbits being subjected to the simultaneous actions by benzol and X-ray, in comparison with the changes when being subjected to each factor respectively. Benzol was given three times by injection in a dose of 0.2 cc per kg of body weight on alternate days. X-ray was given once by whole body irradiation in a dose of 50 r. With the injection of benzol only, the body weight decreased, the white cell count decreased and the rate of phagocytized neutrophils dropped. With the irradiation of X-ray only, the red cell count decreased and the rate of phagocytized neutrophils dropped as well. With the injection and irradiation combined, both the body weight and the white cell count showed more decrease than in case of the injection of benzol only, though these were not affected at all with the irradiation of X-ray only. While the rate of phagocytized meutrophils showed drop with either the injection or the irradiation, it showed more drop with the combined injection and irradiation than with the injection only. The red cell count showed no decrease with the injection and the irradiation combined. In short, it was noticed that the effects of actions of two factors were multiplied in the body weight and the white cell count, while they were added in the phagocytized neutrophils.
  • 祝 成之助
    1959 年 1 巻 7-8 号 p. 746-754
    発行日: 1959年
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    An experimental study concerning the diagnostic evaluation of symptoms due to lead poisoning was made with rabbits which were exposed to lead oxide dusts of different concentrations. Symptoms such as stippling, polychromasia, reticulocytosis, hemoglobin decrease and urinary coproporphyrin increase were estimated and also analysis of serum protein fraction was carried out by the paper electrophoretic method. A chamber for exposure which was equipped with the Wright's dust feed mechanism was tpecially designed for the rabbits allowing to inhale lead dusts. The experiment lasted over a period of one and half years from autumn 1957 so spring 1959. Maximum length of exposure was limited to 4 hours each day, and to 3 days each week. During the course of the experiment, cessation of lead inhalation for 2 month was inserted in order to observe how soon these symptoms disappear after the cessation of exposure. Principal results obtained were as follows. 1) The urinary coproporphyrin level and the stippled cell counts were increased before anemia developed. Besides, it was noted that the increase of stippled cells was not shown until four to five months after the urinary porphyrin became positive. The decrease of hemoglobin amount occured immediately after the definite rise of the stippled cell counts. From these facts, it would appear doubtful that the increased excretion of urinary coprophrin is merely due to the blocking by lead of entrance of iron into the protoporphyrin ring. The increased urinary coproporphyrin in the earlier stage of lead absorption must be due to other mechanism than this hypothesis which explains the decreased hemoglobin amount. 2) Urinary coproporphyrin, stippled cell counts and reduction of hemoglobin were increased parallel with the lead amount inhaled. However, the reticulocyte counts, polychromasia as well as changes of the serum protein' namely the elevation of α2 and γ-globulin levels and the decrease of the albumin level had no relation with the degree of lead absorption, as far as the experimental animals were concerned. 3) Reduced hemoglobin and increased stippled cells by lead exposure returned rapidly to the normal value after the cessation of inhalation. On the other hand, urinary coproporphyrin delayed to become normal, in spite of the prompt recovery of those symptoms mentioned above.
  • 石井 俊文
    1959 年 1 巻 7-8 号 p. 756-760
    発行日: 1959年
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Part 1. The reaction with mercuric ions in vitro The marked effectiveness of BAL (2, 3-dimercapto-propanol) against arsenic and mercury poisoning has been well recognized. The recently identified new vitamin "α-Lipoic Acid (6, 8-dithiooctanoic acid)" has a disulfide ring and is readily reduced in vivo by DPN enzyme to dithiol compound resembling chemically to BAL. The possibility of combining with mercury is discussed elsewhere, but no experimental results have been published here-to-fore. In the present report, Lipoic Acid (LiA) and dihydro-LiA were mixed with HgCl2 or phenyl-mercuric acetate (PMA) solutions (each in 6mM) and precipitations there formed were centrifuged at 10, 000 rpm., and Hg and dithiol color reactions were tested with supernatant liquid and sediment. In order to obtain quantitative informations mercuric compound above mentioned were labelled with Hg203 and used in the second experiment. The possibility of combining of Hg ions with carboxyl radicals could not be excluded, so each precipitate was tested regarding the reaction with pH and the reducing agent. With the purpose to block the carboxyl, a derivative "lipoamide" was also used in this experiment. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) Inorganic mercuric ions reacted with dihydro-LiA forming the six membered ring in equivalent molar concentration. 2) This reactant was insoluble in mineral acid or organic solvent, but readily soluble in strong alkaline reaction (pH 11∼12). 3) This solution showed a strong absorption at 350mμ, shifted to the longer wave length by 20mμ compared with original LiA. This fact is to be regarded to support strongly the hypothesis of ring formation of Hg with dithiols. 4) Organic mercuric compound was found to react only with one SH, thus enabling dihydro-LiA to combine with twice as much molar organic mercury. 5) LiA which has no free SH was also able to combine in irregular manners with Hg ion, even the lipoamide could trap slightly the ion. These reactants were readily sedimentated at pH 4 or below it. These phenomena were to be regarded as suggesting the possibility of combination of Hg with carboxyl or S-S bond thus forming hardly dissociable compounds which are liable to percipitate. Part II. Antidotal Effect of Lipoic Acid against Experimental Mercury Poisoning in Rats and Mice The experiment that the recently identified vitamin "Lipoic acid" and especially its reduced form "dihydro-LiA" reacted with Hg ion in vitro and formed an insoluble compound was presented in Part I of this paper in details. In the present experiments, the evaluation of its antidotal capacity in vivo was investigated. 1) Toxicity of Hg for acute poisoning was first tested in mice. LD50 for HgCl2 was 27 mg/kg (subcut.), for phenylmercuric acetate it was 35 mg/kg(subcut.). 2) To determine the maximum therapeutic dose, LD 50 of antidotes were also determined: LiA 264 mg/kg (intraperit.), dihydro-LiA 184 mg/kg (intramus.), and BAL 128 mg/kg (intramus.). 8) Effects of LiA and BAL against severe poisoning in mice. LAi (55 mg/kg) was given by intraperitonea route simultaneously with HgCl2 (intram.), and four equal doses of LiA were given intramus cularly after 4 hours and on the following three days. Equivalent amount of BAL were used in positive control-group. HgCl2 was given in graded doses from 20 to 200 mg/kg as shown in the Table 5, The antidotal effects were summarized in Table 6. LiA increased LD 50 by 1.7 times, BAL by 5.4 times. Accordingly, BAL was triply more effective than LiA. Dihydro-LiA was not tested because enough quantities was not available, but it was supposed to be more effective than LiA against acute poisoning. 4) Effects on the distribution and excretion of Hg203 in rats. 6 mg/kg of PAM (Hg203 1.2-2.5μc) was given intramuscularly, and 16 mg/kg of LiA or dihydro-LiA or equivalent dose of BAL was simultaneously administered by intramuscular injection.
  • 石井 俊文
    1959 年 1 巻 7-8 号 p. 761-771
    発行日: 1959年
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Part 1. The reaction with mercuric ions in vitro The marked effectiveness of BAL (2, 3-dimercapto-propanol) against arsenic and mercury poisoning has been well recognized. The recently identified new vitamin "α-Lipoic Acid (6, 8-dithiooctanoic acid)" has a disulfide ring and is readily reduced in vivo by DPN enzyme to dithiol compound resembling chemically to BAL. The possibility of combining with mercury is discussed elsewhere, but no experimental results have been published here-to-fore. In the present report, Lipoic Acid (LiA) and dihydro-LiA were mixed with HgCl2 or phenyl-mercuric acetate (PMA) solutions (each in 6mM) and precipitations there formed were centrifuged at 10, 000 rpm., and Hg and dithiol color reactions were tested with supernatant liquid and sediment. In order to obtain quantitative informations mercuric compound above mentioned were labelled with Hg203 and used in the second experiment. The possibility of combining of Hg ions with carboxyl radicals could not be excluded, so each precipitate was tested regarding the reaction with pH and the reducing agent. With the purpose to block the carboxyl, a derivative "lipoamide" was also used in this experiment. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) Inorganic mercuric ions reacted with dihydro-LiA forming the six membered ring in equivalent molar concentration. 2) This reactant was insoluble in mineral acid or organic solvent, but readily soluble in strong alkaline reaction (pH 11∼12). 3) This solution showed a strong absorption at 350mμ, shifted to the longer wave length by 20mμ compared with original LiA. This fact is to be regarded to support strongly the hypothesis of ring formation of Hg with dithiols. 4) Organic mercuric compound was found to react only with one SH, thus enabling dihydro-LiA to combine with twice as much molar organic mercury. 5) LiA which has no free SH was also able to combine in irregular manners with Hg ion, even the lipoamide could trap slightly the ion. These reactants were readily sedimentated at pH 4 or below it. These phenomena were to be regarded as suggesting the possibility of combination of Hg with carboxyl or S-S bond thus forming hardly dissociable compounds which are liable to percipitate. Part II. Antidotal Effect of Lipoic Acid against Experimental Mercury Poisoning in Rats and Mice The experiment that the recently identified vitamin "Lipoic acid" and especially its reduced form "dihydro-LiA" reacted with Hg ion in vitro and formed an insoluble compound was presented in Part I of this paper in details. In the present experiments, the evaluation of its antidotal capacity in vivo was investigated. 1) Toxicity of Hg for acute poisoning was first tested in mice. LD50 for HgCl2 was 27 mg/kg (subcut.), for phenylmercuric acetate it was 35 mg/kg(subcut.). 2) To determine the maximum therapeutic dose, LD 50 of antidotes were also determined: LiA 264 mg/kg (intraperit.), dihydro-LiA 184 mg/kg (intramus.), and BAL 128 mg/kg (intramus.). 8) Effects of LiA and BAL against severe poisoning in mice. LAi (55 mg/kg) was given by intraperitonea route simultaneously with HgCl2 (intram.), and four equal doses of LiA were given intramus cularly after 4 hours and on the following three days. Equivalent amount of BAL were used in positive control-group. HgCl2 was given in graded doses from 20 to 200 mg/kg as shown in the Table 5, The antidotal effects were summarized in Table 6. LiA increased LD 50 by 1.7 times, BAL by 5.4 times. Accordingly, BAL was triply more effective than LiA. Dihydro-LiA was not tested because enough quantities was not available, but it was supposed to be more effective than LiA against acute poisoning. 4) Effects on the distribution and excretion of Hg203 in rats. 6 mg/kg of PAM (Hg203 1.2-2.5μc) was given intramuscularly, and 16 mg/kg of LiA or dihydro-LiA or equivalent dose of BAL was simultaneously administered by intramuscular injection.
  • 大西 清治, 阿部 彰, 岡本 正, 佐々木 高伯, 谷森 久信, 豊福 豊, 松島 隆, 山上 次郎, 山本 秀夫
    1959 年 1 巻 7-8 号 p. 773-780
    発行日: 1959年
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    We tried I.P.P.B. therapy (with Alevaire and Asthpul) for more than six months in 97 cases of patients with silicosis or silico-tuber-culosis (inactive) provoked by inhalation of dusts in metal or coal mines or from stone cutting with the following results. 1) There were fairly many cases with improved symptomes e.g. sputum and cough decreased or disappeared. These symptoms were found to have a tendency to improve in parallel. 2) Cases with increased vital capacity through treatment were recognized in 17.2% of patients. Increase in maximum breathing capacity was found in 36.5%. And, most of the cases of increased vital capacity showed increase of M.B.C. as well. In cases with increased M.B.C. or V.C. sputum and cough had mostly decreased or disappeared. 3) The above observations were found mostly in the third or fourth month of treatment. Any increase of improved cases after that period was not noticed. 4) Any harmful effect of this treatment was found. Therefore, we consider that this therapy is useful for recovery of reversible ventilatory disorders of silicotic patients.
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