Sangyo Igaku
Online ISSN : 1881-1302
Print ISSN : 0047-1879
ISSN-L : 0047-1879
Volume 1, Issue 7-8
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
  • M. Kato
    1959 Volume 1 Issue 7-8 Pages 595-606
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Shunsaku NISHINO
    1959 Volume 1 Issue 7-8 Pages 607-613
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
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    At extremely early stage of acute lead poisoning in rabbits parathroid hormone (P.T.H.) and Ca-EDTA were administered, and the effect of these drugs upon removing lead from the body was observed. P.T.H. and Ca-EDTA were injected intravenously each independently or both combined. 1. By P.T.H. injection quantity of lead contained in urine did not remarkably increased, but quantity discharged was kept for long time at the same extent as before injection. Total amount of lead excreted with injection of P.T.H. showed 7 times as much as the control. 2. P.T.H. had effect of mobilizing lead deposited within the bone tissue, so combined administration of P.T.H. and Ca-EDTA can accelerate removal of lead from the body. 3. There were no ill-effect developed by P.T.H. injection.
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  • Takeshi NEMOTO
    1959 Volume 1 Issue 7-8 Pages 615-624
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
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    In the first experiment, twenty-four healthy lmale volunteers were used as subjects. Their ives were shifted exactly by 12 hours, and the time of sleeping and of taking meal were kept same for all subjects. Urine was collected for every two hours while they were awake at night and in the lump while they were asleep in the day-time. An activity level of uropepsin was assayed by the West's method. On the third day of night-shift, the ratio of the uropepsin output at night to that in the day-time was turned, except for two persons whose diurnal changes of the uropepsin excretion were extremely irregular. Activity levels of these exceptional subjects got increased during the night on the whole with passing days. In the second place, nine nurses working in three shifts were also employed as subjects. A comparrison between uropepsin outputs during their duty at night and during sleep in the day-time was made. In all cases, activity levels of uropepsin were found to be higher at night than in the day-time. From findings above-mentioned as well as those obtained by others, the author infers that the diurnal rhythm of physiological conditions could completely be reversed, though difficult, under a suitable management. Therefore, the diurnal curve of the physiochemical capacity in the human subject may be obvious to intrinsically be re-adjusted by the way of life, but not by astrophisical influences.
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  • Keiichiro FUJIWARA
    1959 Volume 1 Issue 7-8 Pages 625-638
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
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    1. Body functions as revealed by body temperature, pulse rate, blood pressure, body weight and grip strength were observed in two to four days every month throughout a year in a team of seven workers working in a hot environment. Measurements were made six times in a shift, beginning just before the commencement of work and ending just after the finish. 2. In the case of daytime shift, body temperature showed two maxima at about 9.30 a.m. and 3 p.m., pulse rate and blood pressures (systolic and pulse) showed S-shaped change, concave in the morning and convex in the afternoon. In the case of night shift, body temperature, pulse rate, as well as blood pressures showed skew V-shape, lowering in the early morning. In this case, exact phase displacement of body functions by 12 hours could not be seen, although disturbances of the natural physiological wave were detected in body temperature and systolic blood pressure after the midnight. 3. Besides work, rest, food-intake and psychic influences, environmental temperature was found to have difinite effects on physiological manifestations. 4. Monthly changes of physiological functions were relatively closely related to temperature conditions of the working place and those of the room for measurement. Body temperature, pulse rate, or decrease of body weight (apparent as well as net) had a peak in summer and a bottom in winter, while systolic blood pressure or pulse pressure showed just the reverse. In the case of night shift, such differences in body functions in summer as against in winter were not so clear as in the daytime shift.
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  • Osamu NISHIKAZE
    1959 Volume 1 Issue 7-8 Pages 639-649
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
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  • Ukuru WATANABE
    1959 Volume 1 Issue 7-8 Pages 650-663
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
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    With intent to grasp the degree of adaptation of the human body to low temperature environment, the author selected 45 healthy male subjects of approximately 20 years of age wearing relatively ideal apparel under low temperature outdoor labour conditions. Studies were centered on the measurements of criterion O/K3, which is thought to be normally at 20 approximately and rises in parallel with the degree of stress (fatigue), regardless of whether the cause is psychic or somatic. Results: 1) After 2∼5 days from the beginning of the experiment a remarkable rise was seen in O/K3 which was followed by a gradual decrease 2) When the maximum daytime outdoor temperature remained under -5°C, high values in O/K3 were seen. 3) In the present experimental conditions, the rise in O/K3 coincided with the rise in urine volume, urine chlorine and urine titration acidity.
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  • Shokichi HONMA
    1959 Volume 1 Issue 7-8 Pages 664-677
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
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    Experiments were conducted in winter on 45 healthy male subjects of approximately 20 years, of age. The subjects were clothed in special cold weather apparel and subjected to outdoor labour during the daytime and slept in tents during the night. On the floor of the tent rice straw mats were laid direct on the snow over which a layer of straw was spread. The subjects slept in cotton sleeping bags stuffed to 5 cm thickness with chicken feathers. The intent of the present experiments was to grasp the degree of adaptation of the living body exposed to the above environmental conditions through urine quotient values and various biological substances appearing in urine. It was found that the urine quotient O/K3 which is considered as a criterion of the living body showed no correlation to the outdoor temperature during labour in the daytime. However, it was revealed that a definite correlation existed between the urine quotient O/K3 and the temperature within the tent during sleeping hours. This was prominent with respect to the minimum temperature. It was also found that after the first half of the experiment the rise in number of victims of common cold was approximately in parallel with the rise in urine quotient. As revealed by fluctuations in urine volume, urine titration acidity and phosphoric acid value, the rise in urine quotient values appears corresponding to the metabolic shift period in water and salts. In other words, it was noted that in the present experiments when the temperature in the tent dropped below 4∼5°C, the above mentioned equipment was inadequate to protect the subjects against the cold, and as a result the vitality of the living body was lowered and made vulnerable to diseases.
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  • Yoshio HAYASHI, Haruo KONDO, Seinosuke IWAI
    1959 Volume 1 Issue 7-8 Pages 678-681
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
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    Three different techniques of lead adminitration-per os, subcutaneous injection, and inhalation-were used in rabbits to study serum protein fractions by paper-electrophoresis. The paper-electrophoresis was carried out with technical precaution by which physiochemical conditions required for the electrophoretic procedure were satisfied, as pointed out by one of the authors (Y.H.) in a recent paper. A precision exposing chamber equipped with the Wright's dust feed mechanism (British made) was designed for long-term inhalation. The results obtained are as follows: 1) γ-globulin level was elevated in the course of the experiment in cases using the last two techniques. In the case using the oral method, no change was found. 2) α2-globulin level was slightly increased in cases using any of the three techniques. 3) Albumin level was significantly decreased in all the three sets of cases, especially in those by inhalation method. 4) It was noted that the fractional value of serum proteins might be affected by ingredients of foods, i.e. the commercial rabbit chow and the ordinarly fresh green.
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  • Yasuhisa YOSHIDA
    1959 Volume 1 Issue 7-8 Pages 683-690
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
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    For the purpose of clarifying the effect of low-concentration fluorine to be exerted on a living body, sodium fluoride was administered to rabbits for a duration of 20 months and its effect manifested during this period was observed. Twelve young rabbits were divided into four groups, and 0.017, 0.17 and 1.67 mg of fluorine per kg of body weight was administered through the mouth, and the following findings were observed: 1. No difference was observed in body weight among the groups. 2. Practically, no effect was seen on the state of blood. 3. From about seven months after the experiment, symptoms of mottled teeth and dental abrasion were observed in incisor. 4. In the long bone, such symptoms of bone hardening as swelling of epithelium, increase of diameter and of bending were noted. 5. No striking change was seen in the electrocardiogram. 6. Pathohistologically, swelling, turbidity and vacuolation in liver cells, swelling and turbidity in kidney cells and slight atrophy of myocardial fibres were observed. The extent of those changes depends on the amount of fluorine administered. 7. In offsprings of rabbits administered with fluorine, pathohistological degeneration could be noted in liver, kidney, heart and spleen.
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  • [in Japanese]
    1959 Volume 1 Issue 7-8 Pages 691-699
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
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    In studying chronic fluorine poisoning, determination of microquantity of fluorine is significant, and a study was carried out in this respect. Both bleaching colorimetry of Th-Alizarin and photoelectro-colorimetric titration were improved, and conditions for increasing the accuracy were determined. This method was based on the reaction F-with Th-Alizarin lake, utilizing the phenomenon which quantitatively changes with the density of the lake by letting F- form a colorless complex ion with Th++++. The method used was considered appropriate for determination of microquantity of fluorine, the result thus obtained are as follows. 1. Titration is suitable as a routine work, for the quantity-examination line becomes straight. 2. With both methods, measurement will be possible down to 0.1γ/25ml (0.004 p.p.m.). 3. Over the range of F- 0∼20γ/25ml, repeatability is possible to 95∼105%. 4. Measurement should be undertaken exactly five minutes after the coloring of the lake. 5. Hydrogen iou concentration will greatly affects the accuracy and precision, and thus measurement should be undertaken at pH 3.00. 6. In photoelectro-colorimetric titration, the endpoint was fixed at E=0.080 for improving precision. 7. The extent of the effect of interfering ions was small in Cl-, Ca++, NH4+, medium in Mg++, SO4-- and extremely high in Al+++, HPO4--.
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  • [in Japanese]
    1959 Volume 1 Issue 7-8 Pages 700-707
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
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    In chronic fluorine poisoning, Osteosclerosis and mottled teeth are observed. In order to clarify the relation between such degeneration and the amount of fluorine contained in hard tissues, an experimental study was conducted in rabbits. An apparatus for automatic distillation of fluoride, best suited for quantitative estimation of fluorine in hard tissues, was prepared and the data was subjected to analysis. The process of disintegration and effect of interfering were clarified with the method of sodium fusion and of ion exchange resin. The result obtained were as follows: 1. By fixing the time of distillation to 40 minutes and the quantity of distilled liquid to 250ml, more than 96% will be recovered. 2. Disintegration with perchloric acid is perfect, and practically no effect of interfering ion will be noted. 3. In the cases of control, 248, 214 ppm fluorine was noted in the calcification of the femur and incisor. 4. Degeneration of a bone will be noted in the similar tissues, when more than 625 ppm of fluorines is deposited. 5. With more than 1973 ppm of fluorine deposition, mottled teeth will result. 6. Dental abrasion of incisor will be also cased with more than 572 ppm of fluorine deposition.
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  • Mamoru YAMAUCHI
    1959 Volume 1 Issue 7-8 Pages 708-713
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
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    The purpose of this study is to determine the basal blood pressure with sodium nitrite. To persons with maximum pressure over 130 mm Hg and minimum pressure over 80 mm Hg sodium nitrite was injected to examine the degree of decrease of pressure and pressure after decrease. The relationship between E.C.G. as well as fundi findings were also investigated. Results are as follows: 1. The higher the maximum pressure, the less its decrease after injection. 2. There were found a good number of people with arterioloscrelotic changes at fundi among those whose pressures were under 150 mm Hg after injection. In general, the higher the pressure, the more severe these findings. 3. There were many who showed the less decrease of pressure had the more changes at fundi. 4. Those with the higher pressure or the less decrease of it after sodium nitrite injection had the more severe findings of E.C.G. at the same time the arterioloscrelotic changes at fundi. Considering from the above results, blood pressures before and after administration of sodium nitrite in a resting state may serve as indicators of arterioloscrelosis and their measurement is thought to be an useful method for determining the basal blood pressure.
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  • Isao SHIMA
    1959 Volume 1 Issue 7-8 Pages 714-732
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
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    1. Tissue reactions produced by various dusts and BCG were examined. Mineral dusts used for the experiment were quartz, seven kinds of clay minerals, coal, charcoal, three kinds of graphite, hematite, magnetite, zinc phosphate and lanthanum oxide. Guinea pigs given a subcutaneous inoculation of these dusts together with BCG, developed higher tuberculin sensitivity as compared to those received BCG alone, and they revealed an abscess formation. No remarkable difference was seen among these dusts on the intensity of reaction. The abscess formation by dust and BCG was not modifined by vitamine C, novocain, hyaluronidase and adrenal excision. 2. The subcutaneous abscess formation was also produced by tissue homogenates of the liver and the lymph gland when introduced together with BCG. 3. When quartz dust and BCG were introduced intratrachealluy, more severe tissue reaction of the lung than those by quartz or BCG alone was seen, and in sometimes abscess was formed in the foci.
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  • Masami KAIHARA
    1959 Volume 1 Issue 7-8 Pages 733-738
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
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    To see the effects of radiant rays on the organism blood inspection method, including the calculation of numbers of red, white blood cells and lymphocytes and blood plates is in common use. But the radiant rays are assumed to affect the white blood cells themselves, therefore we have made an experiment on the phagocytes of white blood cells exporsed varying irradiation doses as a method to know their functional disturbances. Body weight and red and white blood cell counts were determined simultaneously with the observation of phagocytes. Three groups, each consisted of five matured male rabits, were irradiated with 50, 75 and 100r X ray respectively. Before irradiation and after that in one week interval blood of rabbits was taken by heart puncture. Carbon black suspension of given volume and concentration was added. And, for only neutrophile white blood cell, phagocytes rate was calculated. A group, consisted of five rabbits, was made as the control. Observations were extended over 6∼8 weeks. Experimental results: 1. The body weight: Any direct effects by irradiation were not observed. 2. Red blood cell counts: Tendency of decrease by irradiation was found, but statistically significant difference was found only between irradiation group of 50r. and the control. 3. White blood cell counts: Slight tendency of decrease by irradiation was seen, but statistically significant difference was not found between the irradiation groups and the control. 4. Rate of phagocytes: Every irradiation group showed marked decrease and statistically significant difference was found between the irradiation groups and the control. Decrease reached the maximum at the 2nd week after irradiation. Recovery period and the degree of decrease corresponded to the exposure dose. 5. As to the red and white blood cell counts fluctuations among animals of the control group were great durning the experiment, but fluctuations among animals of the irradiation groups were small and showed a consistent tendency. This may be, the environment in general on the organism.
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  • Yoji MINAGAWA
    1959 Volume 1 Issue 7-8 Pages 739-745
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
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    Several studies have demonstrated that what more than two factors acted simultaneously on a living body, the actions by the factors were multiplied or offset, differing from the picture of each single factor acting. This finding suggests that in conducting the hygienic control of working places where more than two factors are involved it may not be satisfactory to device the counter measures on the ground of the findings on each individual factor. So far, the studies were limited to the combination of chemical factors. The author was interested in the combination of chemical and physical factors, and he selected the combination of benzol with X-ray which was regarded as an important problem in the present industrial hygiene. The author investigated the changes in body weight, red blood cell count, white blood cell count, and rate of phagocytized neutrophils of rabbits being subjected to the simultaneous actions by benzol and X-ray, in comparison with the changes when being subjected to each factor respectively. Benzol was given three times by injection in a dose of 0.2 cc per kg of body weight on alternate days. X-ray was given once by whole body irradiation in a dose of 50 r. With the injection of benzol only, the body weight decreased, the white cell count decreased and the rate of phagocytized neutrophils dropped. With the irradiation of X-ray only, the red cell count decreased and the rate of phagocytized neutrophils dropped as well. With the injection and irradiation combined, both the body weight and the white cell count showed more decrease than in case of the injection of benzol only, though these were not affected at all with the irradiation of X-ray only. While the rate of phagocytized meutrophils showed drop with either the injection or the irradiation, it showed more drop with the combined injection and irradiation than with the injection only. The red cell count showed no decrease with the injection and the irradiation combined. In short, it was noticed that the effects of actions of two factors were multiplied in the body weight and the white cell count, while they were added in the phagocytized neutrophils.
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  • Seinosuke IWAI
    1959 Volume 1 Issue 7-8 Pages 746-754
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
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    An experimental study concerning the diagnostic evaluation of symptoms due to lead poisoning was made with rabbits which were exposed to lead oxide dusts of different concentrations. Symptoms such as stippling, polychromasia, reticulocytosis, hemoglobin decrease and urinary coproporphyrin increase were estimated and also analysis of serum protein fraction was carried out by the paper electrophoretic method. A chamber for exposure which was equipped with the Wright's dust feed mechanism was tpecially designed for the rabbits allowing to inhale lead dusts. The experiment lasted over a period of one and half years from autumn 1957 so spring 1959. Maximum length of exposure was limited to 4 hours each day, and to 3 days each week. During the course of the experiment, cessation of lead inhalation for 2 month was inserted in order to observe how soon these symptoms disappear after the cessation of exposure. Principal results obtained were as follows. 1) The urinary coproporphyrin level and the stippled cell counts were increased before anemia developed. Besides, it was noted that the increase of stippled cells was not shown until four to five months after the urinary porphyrin became positive. The decrease of hemoglobin amount occured immediately after the definite rise of the stippled cell counts. From these facts, it would appear doubtful that the increased excretion of urinary coprophrin is merely due to the blocking by lead of entrance of iron into the protoporphyrin ring. The increased urinary coproporphyrin in the earlier stage of lead absorption must be due to other mechanism than this hypothesis which explains the decreased hemoglobin amount. 2) Urinary coproporphyrin, stippled cell counts and reduction of hemoglobin were increased parallel with the lead amount inhaled. However, the reticulocyte counts, polychromasia as well as changes of the serum protein' namely the elevation of α2 and γ-globulin levels and the decrease of the albumin level had no relation with the degree of lead absorption, as far as the experimental animals were concerned. 3) Reduced hemoglobin and increased stippled cells by lead exposure returned rapidly to the normal value after the cessation of inhalation. On the other hand, urinary coproporphyrin delayed to become normal, in spite of the prompt recovery of those symptoms mentioned above.
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  • Toshibumi ISHII
    1959 Volume 1 Issue 7-8 Pages 756-760
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
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    Part 1. The reaction with mercuric ions in vitro The marked effectiveness of BAL (2, 3-dimercapto-propanol) against arsenic and mercury poisoning has been well recognized. The recently identified new vitamin "α-Lipoic Acid (6, 8-dithiooctanoic acid)" has a disulfide ring and is readily reduced in vivo by DPN enzyme to dithiol compound resembling chemically to BAL. The possibility of combining with mercury is discussed elsewhere, but no experimental results have been published here-to-fore. In the present report, Lipoic Acid (LiA) and dihydro-LiA were mixed with HgCl2 or phenyl-mercuric acetate (PMA) solutions (each in 6mM) and precipitations there formed were centrifuged at 10, 000 rpm., and Hg and dithiol color reactions were tested with supernatant liquid and sediment. In order to obtain quantitative informations mercuric compound above mentioned were labelled with Hg203 and used in the second experiment. The possibility of combining of Hg ions with carboxyl radicals could not be excluded, so each precipitate was tested regarding the reaction with pH and the reducing agent. With the purpose to block the carboxyl, a derivative "lipoamide" was also used in this experiment. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) Inorganic mercuric ions reacted with dihydro-LiA forming the six membered ring in equivalent molar concentration. 2) This reactant was insoluble in mineral acid or organic solvent, but readily soluble in strong alkaline reaction (pH 11∼12). 3) This solution showed a strong absorption at 350mμ, shifted to the longer wave length by 20mμ compared with original LiA. This fact is to be regarded to support strongly the hypothesis of ring formation of Hg with dithiols. 4) Organic mercuric compound was found to react only with one SH, thus enabling dihydro-LiA to combine with twice as much molar organic mercury. 5) LiA which has no free SH was also able to combine in irregular manners with Hg ion, even the lipoamide could trap slightly the ion. These reactants were readily sedimentated at pH 4 or below it. These phenomena were to be regarded as suggesting the possibility of combination of Hg with carboxyl or S-S bond thus forming hardly dissociable compounds which are liable to percipitate. Part II. Antidotal Effect of Lipoic Acid against Experimental Mercury Poisoning in Rats and Mice The experiment that the recently identified vitamin "Lipoic acid" and especially its reduced form "dihydro-LiA" reacted with Hg ion in vitro and formed an insoluble compound was presented in Part I of this paper in details. In the present experiments, the evaluation of its antidotal capacity in vivo was investigated. 1) Toxicity of Hg for acute poisoning was first tested in mice. LD50 for HgCl2 was 27 mg/kg (subcut.), for phenylmercuric acetate it was 35 mg/kg(subcut.). 2) To determine the maximum therapeutic dose, LD 50 of antidotes were also determined: LiA 264 mg/kg (intraperit.), dihydro-LiA 184 mg/kg (intramus.), and BAL 128 mg/kg (intramus.). 8) Effects of LiA and BAL against severe poisoning in mice. LAi (55 mg/kg) was given by intraperitonea route simultaneously with HgCl2 (intram.), and four equal doses of LiA were given intramus cularly after 4 hours and on the following three days. Equivalent amount of BAL were used in positive control-group. HgCl2 was given in graded doses from 20 to 200 mg/kg as shown in the Table 5, The antidotal effects were summarized in Table 6. LiA increased LD 50 by 1.7 times, BAL by 5.4 times. Accordingly, BAL was triply more effective than LiA. Dihydro-LiA was not tested because enough quantities was not available, but it was supposed to be more effective than LiA against acute poisoning. 4) Effects on the distribution and excretion of Hg203 in rats. 6 mg/kg of PAM (Hg203 1.2-2.5μc) was given intramuscularly, and 16 mg/kg of LiA or dihydro-LiA or equivalent dose of BAL was simultaneously administered by intramuscular injection.
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  • Toshibumi ISHII
    1959 Volume 1 Issue 7-8 Pages 761-771
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Part 1. The reaction with mercuric ions in vitro The marked effectiveness of BAL (2, 3-dimercapto-propanol) against arsenic and mercury poisoning has been well recognized. The recently identified new vitamin "α-Lipoic Acid (6, 8-dithiooctanoic acid)" has a disulfide ring and is readily reduced in vivo by DPN enzyme to dithiol compound resembling chemically to BAL. The possibility of combining with mercury is discussed elsewhere, but no experimental results have been published here-to-fore. In the present report, Lipoic Acid (LiA) and dihydro-LiA were mixed with HgCl2 or phenyl-mercuric acetate (PMA) solutions (each in 6mM) and precipitations there formed were centrifuged at 10, 000 rpm., and Hg and dithiol color reactions were tested with supernatant liquid and sediment. In order to obtain quantitative informations mercuric compound above mentioned were labelled with Hg203 and used in the second experiment. The possibility of combining of Hg ions with carboxyl radicals could not be excluded, so each precipitate was tested regarding the reaction with pH and the reducing agent. With the purpose to block the carboxyl, a derivative "lipoamide" was also used in this experiment. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) Inorganic mercuric ions reacted with dihydro-LiA forming the six membered ring in equivalent molar concentration. 2) This reactant was insoluble in mineral acid or organic solvent, but readily soluble in strong alkaline reaction (pH 11∼12). 3) This solution showed a strong absorption at 350mμ, shifted to the longer wave length by 20mμ compared with original LiA. This fact is to be regarded to support strongly the hypothesis of ring formation of Hg with dithiols. 4) Organic mercuric compound was found to react only with one SH, thus enabling dihydro-LiA to combine with twice as much molar organic mercury. 5) LiA which has no free SH was also able to combine in irregular manners with Hg ion, even the lipoamide could trap slightly the ion. These reactants were readily sedimentated at pH 4 or below it. These phenomena were to be regarded as suggesting the possibility of combination of Hg with carboxyl or S-S bond thus forming hardly dissociable compounds which are liable to percipitate. Part II. Antidotal Effect of Lipoic Acid against Experimental Mercury Poisoning in Rats and Mice The experiment that the recently identified vitamin "Lipoic acid" and especially its reduced form "dihydro-LiA" reacted with Hg ion in vitro and formed an insoluble compound was presented in Part I of this paper in details. In the present experiments, the evaluation of its antidotal capacity in vivo was investigated. 1) Toxicity of Hg for acute poisoning was first tested in mice. LD50 for HgCl2 was 27 mg/kg (subcut.), for phenylmercuric acetate it was 35 mg/kg(subcut.). 2) To determine the maximum therapeutic dose, LD 50 of antidotes were also determined: LiA 264 mg/kg (intraperit.), dihydro-LiA 184 mg/kg (intramus.), and BAL 128 mg/kg (intramus.). 8) Effects of LiA and BAL against severe poisoning in mice. LAi (55 mg/kg) was given by intraperitonea route simultaneously with HgCl2 (intram.), and four equal doses of LiA were given intramus cularly after 4 hours and on the following three days. Equivalent amount of BAL were used in positive control-group. HgCl2 was given in graded doses from 20 to 200 mg/kg as shown in the Table 5, The antidotal effects were summarized in Table 6. LiA increased LD 50 by 1.7 times, BAL by 5.4 times. Accordingly, BAL was triply more effective than LiA. Dihydro-LiA was not tested because enough quantities was not available, but it was supposed to be more effective than LiA against acute poisoning. 4) Effects on the distribution and excretion of Hg203 in rats. 6 mg/kg of PAM (Hg203 1.2-2.5μc) was given intramuscularly, and 16 mg/kg of LiA or dihydro-LiA or equivalent dose of BAL was simultaneously administered by intramuscular injection.
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  • S. ONISHI, A. ABE, T. OKAMOTO, T. SASAKI, H. TANIMORI, Y. TOYOFUKU, T. ...
    1959 Volume 1 Issue 7-8 Pages 773-780
    Published: 1959
    Released on J-STAGE: April 14, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We tried I.P.P.B. therapy (with Alevaire and Asthpul) for more than six months in 97 cases of patients with silicosis or silico-tuber-culosis (inactive) provoked by inhalation of dusts in metal or coal mines or from stone cutting with the following results. 1) There were fairly many cases with improved symptomes e.g. sputum and cough decreased or disappeared. These symptoms were found to have a tendency to improve in parallel. 2) Cases with increased vital capacity through treatment were recognized in 17.2% of patients. Increase in maximum breathing capacity was found in 36.5%. And, most of the cases of increased vital capacity showed increase of M.B.C. as well. In cases with increased M.B.C. or V.C. sputum and cough had mostly decreased or disappeared. 3) The above observations were found mostly in the third or fourth month of treatment. Any increase of improved cases after that period was not noticed. 4) Any harmful effect of this treatment was found. Therefore, we consider that this therapy is useful for recovery of reversible ventilatory disorders of silicotic patients.
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