産業医学
Online ISSN : 1881-1302
Print ISSN : 0047-1879
ISSN-L : 0047-1879
25 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の14件中1~14を表示しています
  • 木村 菊二
    1983 年 25 巻 5 号 p. 341
    発行日: 1983/09/20
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 伊藤 宜則, 服部 [サク]雄, 栗田 秀樹, 小森 義隆, 大谷 元彦, 皿井 進
    1983 年 25 巻 5 号 p. 343-355
    発行日: 1983/09/20
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Relationships between serum lipid values and the quantity and quality of nutrient intakes of the employees in a steel factory were studied, and the following results were obtained. 1. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CL) and α-CL separated by electrophoresis in office workers were significantly lower than those of field workers and they were especially lower in cases of hypertriglyceridemia. 2. HDL-CL, α-CL and Apo A values of workers with abnormal circulatory findings were demonstrated to drop down with increased cigarette smoking or carbohydrate intake. On the other hand, these values were apt to be elevated with increased alcohol or energy intake. 3. β-Lipoprotein and β-CL separated by electrophoresis in workers with hyperlipidemia or abnormal electrocardiogram findings were shown to be at significantly high levels. Furthermore, β-CL values in workers with abnormal circulatory findings were especially inclined to be elevated with increased cigarette smoking or fat intake.
  • 保利 一, 田中 勇武, 秋山 高
    1983 年 25 巻 5 号 p. 356-366
    発行日: 1983/09/20
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Many different sizes of activated carbon fixed beds are widely used for adsorption of organic solvent vapors and hazardous gases, such as air cleaners, gas masks and gas sampling tubes, but only limited information is available for the comprehensive relationship between adsorption characteristics of the fixed bed and practical factors; the amount of activated carbon, the gas flow rate, the vapor concentration and the bed diameter. The authors investigated experimentally the effect of these factors on the adsorption zone length, the effective adsorption capacity and the breakthrough time. The following results were obtained; 1) The adsorption zone length was approximately independent of the amounts of activated carbon packed in a column of a definite diameter. Therefore, the effective adsorption capacity increased with the increasing activated carbon amount, and the breakthrough time was nearly proportional to it. 2) The adsorption zone length increased and the effective adsorption capacity reduced with the increasing gas flow rate. 3) The adsorption zone length was little affected by the vapor concentration, but the effective adsorption capacity increased with the increasing concentration. 4) In case of the same amount of activated carbon, the adsorption zone length, the effective adsorption capacity and the breakthrough time reduced with the increasing bed diameter.
  • 芳原 達也, 小林 春男, 東原 英治, 川本 俊弘, 酒井 恒美
    1983 年 25 巻 5 号 p. 367-374
    発行日: 1983/09/20
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Fifteen dogs were made to inhale tetrachloroethylene at concentrations of 700, 1, 500, 2, 000 ppm for one hour, and the changes in its concentrations in the expired air, the arterial blood, the venous blood and its metabolites (trichloroacetic acid (TCA), free-trichloroethanol (F-TCE)) in the serum and the urine were measured from the beginning of exposure until two hours after it had been terminated. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Levels of cumulative intake of tetrachloroethylene after one hour (i.e., at the termination of the inhalation) were 47 mg/kg for 700 ppm, 79 mg/kg for 1, 500 ppm and 103 mg/kg for 2, 000 ppm. 2. Mean cumulative excretion ratio against the total intake two hours after the termination of the inhalation was 69% as the average for the three exposure levels. 3. Mean ratio of the total absorption to the total intake for one hour was 23% as the average for the three levels. 4. Using the above results, the authors did the multiple regression analysis of cumulative absorption (Y1) as well as cumulative excretion (Y2) taking two independent variables (X) and (Insp. or Z), which are as follows. a) During the exposure period Y1:cumulative absorption (mg/kg) X1:exposure duration (min) Insp.:levels of solvent value in the inspired air (μg/ml) log Y1=-2.2819+0.5681 log X1+0.8232 log Insp. b) During the post exposure period Y2:cumulative amounts of solvent excreted (mg/kg) X2:time in minutes after exposure end (min) Z2:cumulative absorption when exposure ended (mg/kg) log Y2=-2.016+0.6976 log X2+0.7397 log Z2 It was found that both equations were fit and significant. 5. As the changes of TCA and F-TCE in urine and serum during and after exposure to tetrachloroethylene at the three levels, the concentrations of TCA and F-TCE in high concentrations of exposure were higher than those of low concentrations of exposure, but these metabolites did not increase in proportion to the levels of exposure concentrations.
  • 中谷 喜彦
    1983 年 25 巻 5 号 p. 375-386
    発行日: 1983/09/20
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The biological effects of asbestos and glass fibers on lymphocytes in vitro were investigated. Blastoid transformation and β2 microglobulin production of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) induced by phytohemagglutinin were inhibited by Canadian chrysotile B (Standard sample of the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer; UICC standard sample) but it was not the case for crocidolite (UICC standard sample) and small and large glass fibers (John Manville, Canada). Cytotoxic activities of natural killer and killer cells of PBL were investigated using K562 cells and Chang liver cells as target cells respectively. Chrysotile inhibited the both activities but crocidolite and two kind of glass fibers not. In regard to release of lactic dehydrogenase and β-glucronidase from mouse peritoneal macrophages exposed to mineral fibers, chrysotile showed more effective reaction compared to crocidolite and amosite (UICC standard sample), on the other hand large glass fiber showed the similar reaction to chrysotile but small glass fiber and milled amosite did not induce any more enzymatic release than the control. In addition to chemical compositions of mineral fibers, the morphological chracteristics were also discussed in relation to their biological effects.
  • 鈴木 秀吉, 岩崎 祥一
    1983 年 25 巻 5 号 p. 387-398
    発行日: 1983/09/20
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Three hundred fourteen male forestry workers using vibrating tools were analyzed to evaluate the relationship among 11 items of the special examinations for the diagnosis of vibration syndrome and the relationship between the items and 13 subjective symptoms. The following results were obtained: 1. Age of the workers had the strongest relationship to the grip strength. However, i tshowed less strong relationship with other items, such as the threshold of pain sense and that of vibration sense, and the degree of Raynaud's phenomenon (number of fingers affected). 2. Working time in years with vibrating tools showed statistically significant correlations with the threshold of pain sense, that of vibratory sense, and with the degree of Raynaud's phenomenon. 3. The threshold of pain sense, that of vibratory sense, and the degree of Raynaud's phenomenon correlated with each other but not with the skin temperature nor the recovery time of blood flow in the finger nail-beds. 4. The rise of pain threshold exhibited the strongest association with the subjective symptoms. Vibratory sense threshold at 250 Hz also showed similar association with the latter. 5. The skin temperature and the recovery time of blood flow had no association with any complaints except for gastric disorders. 6. The grip strength, only when extremely lowered, was associated with the rise of ratio of complaints, i.e. percentage of the number of workers who complain among all the workers. 7. The age was associated in general with the decreased ratio of complaints except for muscle weakness in arms and forgetfulness.
  • 赤阪 進, 岩上 正蔵
    1983 年 25 巻 5 号 p. 399-405
    発行日: 1983/09/20
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effect of the inducers of drug-metabolizing enzymes on the urinary excretion of aspirin metabolites in rats was studied. As to the inducer, rats were administered polychlorinated biphenyls (KC-500:10, 50, and 100 mg/kg b.w.), phenobarbital (80 mg/kg b.w.), or 3-methylcholanthrene (25 mg/kg) intraperitoneally once a day for three days. The rats were orally administered aspirin (50 mg/kg) on the second-10 th day after the pre-treatment with each inducer, and the urine were collected respectively. Aspirin metabolites (salicylic acid, salicyluric acid, and gentisic acid) in the urine were simultaneously determinated with high-performance liquid chromatography and the liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 was determinated. The results obtained were as follows. 1) Excretion rate of total gentisic acid and salicylate glucuronide in the urine collected for first 6 hours were increased significantly by the pre-treatment with KC-500 or phenobarbital. 2) In the pre-treated rats with various dose of KC-500, positive correlation was observed between the amount of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 and the urinary excretion rate of gentisic acid (p<0.001). 3) Salicylic acid hydroxylating activity of liver microsome was increased in the rats pre-treated with KC-500, phenobarbital, or 3-methylcholanthrene. These results show that the increased urinary excretion of total gentisic acid and salicylate glucuronide may be due to the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. Therefore, it may be expected that these two aspirin metabolites are good indicators for the estimation of the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes in vivo.
  • 三沢 哲夫, 相川 浩幸, 重田 定義
    1983 年 25 巻 5 号 p. 406-414
    発行日: 1983/09/20
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effects of low level alcohol in man were studied by several psychophysiological tests. Five male college students were tested on the battery of mental tasks involving Dot-Matrix, Signal Sound Detection, Choiced Reaction Time at three levels (33.5, 67.0, 134.0 ml : whisky) of alcohol dose. Alcohol concentration in breath, critical flicker fusion, heart rate and blinking counts were measured. Results obtained are as follows. 1) Increase in the alcohol concentrations in breath and heart rate, decrease in the blinking counts are shown in proportion to alcohol dose level. 2) Alcohol effcts of least dose (33.5 ml) in this experiment are shown clearly on the condition of adding two subsidiary tasks to the main task. The results of this study suggest that the complex-task-method is useful to estimate the effects of low level alcohol to the psychophysiological functions in man.
  • 関口 英輔, 山本 光一郎, 高野 袈裟男, 堤 昌子, 上原 宏一郎, 大野 恒男, 田坂 定孝
    1983 年 25 巻 5 号 p. 415-421
    発行日: 1983/09/20
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    Extraction of arsenic, mercury, gold, silver, antimony, indium, bismuth, tellurium, cadmium, zink and copper iodides with methylisobutylketone was examined in the sulfuric acid of concentrations from 0 to 15 normalities. Although, arsenic and zink iodides were extracted from 6 to 12 normalities, extraction of other metal-iodides were carried out in more wide range of sulfuric acid concentrations almost from 2 to 12 normalities. Iron, sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium iodides, these, being chief biological elements of inorganic substances, were not extracted in the least into methylisobutylketone layer from sulfuric acid solution. Copper and zink were normal elements of biological materials and were extracted into methylisobutylketone layer by this procedures. The flame interferences of copper and zink were not recognized in determinations of gold, silver, antimony, indium, bismuth, tellurium and cadmium. To investigate the influences of biological elements, mock solutions of human blood and urine were prepared. The addition of mock blood does not excessively interfere with determinations of arsenic, mercuy, indium, bismuth, tellurium, cadmium, silver and antimony with the exception of gold. However, with addition of mock urine negative interferences were strongly seen in antimony determination, while in mercury, indium and silver determinations only slight interferences were observed. To examine the influences of sample preparation techniques, gold, silver, indium, cadmium and copper were treated both by wet ashing (nitric acid and sulfuric acid) and dry ashing. The recovery rates of such metals were almost above 90%, but in the treatment of dry ashing of gold only less than 60% was recovered. This procedure, in which only potassium iodides was added to sulfuric acid solution after the treatment of wet ashing and extracted with methylisobutylketone, is very simple and easy compared with chylating reagent method. Therefore, the minimum contamination from reagents and practices is expected.
  • 原田 規章, 広沢 巌夫, 藤井 美知子, 百々 栄徳
    1983 年 25 巻 5 号 p. 422-431
    発行日: 1983/09/20
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    For early diagnosis of vibration syndrome, peripheral circulation and sensory tests after cold water immersion of the upper extremities are being performed widely in Japan. The authors studied the seasonal effect on the immersion test and its influence on diagnosis of vibration syndrome. Eight healthy male subjects, aged from 28 to 39, were examined. The immersion tests were conducted in winter (February), spring (May), summer (August) and autumn (November) in Ube city, Japan (Table 1). The room temperatures were maintained at 10°C, 20°C and 30°C during the tests at each season. As to the exposure-to-cold test, the left hand of subject was immersed in stirred water at 10°C for ten minutes, and the changes of peripheral circulatory function and sensory function were measured. Peripheral circulatory function was assessed by the skin temperature of middle finger and the value of the nail press test on the index finger. Sensory function was assessed by 125 Hz vibratory sense threshold and pain threshold of the middle finger. The finger skin temperature was lower in autumn and winter, followed by spring, and highest in summer. In particular, the finger skin temperature in autumn was lower than that in winter at the condition of room temperature at 30°C, which is considered to be less effected by heat content in the body (Fig.1, Table3). The frequency of the appearance of cold induced vasodilation was also lower in autumn than that in winter (Table2). These findings suggest that the tonus of the vasoconstrictor in the skin vessels of finger is strongest in autumn, followed by winter. It is also suggested that the tonus remains slightly strong in spring and is weakest in summer. Furthermore, the seasonal variations in the value of the nail press test, vibratory sense threshold and pain threshold were observed at some points of measuring time during immersion test (Figs. 2-4). Of these, the variations in the value of the nail press test and vibratory sense threshold were considered to be secondary to the seasonal variation of peripheral circulatory function (Fig.6). The variation in pain threshold was considered to result from paresthesia developing in the lower room temperature at 10°C. The pain of finger during immersion test was also effected by season but the range of variation was not significant (Fig.5). The cold water immersion test as the medical examination for the workers exposed to vibration is said to be conducted in the room temperature at 20-23°C. The seasonal variations in the finger skin temperature, the value of the nail press test and vibratory sense threshold under the room temperature at 20°C were not negligible in the present experiment. Especially in summer, the effect should be taken into consideration when evaluating the examination data. If the period of medical examination must be fixed to be performed in the four seasons, autumn and winter are advisable because the tonus of vasoconstrictor is stable for relatively long time.
  • 平野 英男, 大道 正義, 大石 英俊, 石川 清文, 平嶋 侃一
    1983 年 25 巻 5 号 p. 432-437
    発行日: 1983/09/20
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
    As the δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity in erythrocytes is decreased by lead exposure, we considered that a net reduction of ALAD activity by lead in blood should be the difference between the activity fully activated with zinc (Zn2+) and dithiothreitol (DTT) and that without activation. The optimal condition of activation of ALAD was found by addition of 0.25 mM of Zn2+ and 10 mM of DTT in the reaction mixture. Judging from our previous results that the amount of inhibition of ALAD activity can be represented as the rate of inhibition and is closely correlated with the dose of lead administered to rabbits, the inhibition rate of ALAD activity and lead content in blood (Pb-B) of lead workers were measured. The scatter diagram obtained from the inhibition rate and lead content in blood has two groups being divided at 50 μg/ml of Pb-B. In one group less than 50 μg/100 ml of Pb-B, the inhibition rate has been closely related to Pb-B., the regression equation being Y=1.82X+11.7, and the correlation coefficient +0.926. In another group more than 50 μg/100 ml of Pb-B the inhibition rate remained constant at the 90% level. Measurement of the inhibition rate suggests to have practical validity for monitoring lead exposure in workers, and by means of a nomograph lead content in blood can be estimated from the inhibition rate.
  • 坂元 倫子
    1983 年 25 巻 5 号 p. 438-439
    発行日: 1983/09/20
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 新沢 和裕, 瀧 幸
    1983 年 25 巻 5 号 p. 440-441
    発行日: 1983/09/20
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 松井 寿夫, 綿貫 孝司, 和田 攻
    1983 年 25 巻 5 号 p. 442-443
    発行日: 1983/09/20
    公開日: 2008/04/14
    ジャーナル フリー
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