Okayama Igakkai Zasshi (Journal of Okayama Medical Association)
Online ISSN : 1882-4528
Print ISSN : 0030-1558
Volume 102, Issue 11-12
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
  • Akira MAEHASHI
    1990 Volume 102 Issue 11-12 Pages 1229-1239
    Published: 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to determine the effects of physical loading on the health status of children who attend swimming classes, subjective and objective changes caused by exercise were studied. In addition, this study also attempts to understand the place of outdoor exercise in daily life and to grasp fundamental problems of health care for children.
    In my investigation, 43 children exercised in a swimming pool for 75 minutes, and subjective symptoms of fatigue, flicker fusion values, and excretion of uninary protein before and after swimming were analyzed.
    The results revealed that so-called Group I and III subjective symptoms of fatigue were increased after swimming as compared with before suggesting that physical and nervous symptoms were induced by swimming. However, Group II symptoms, i.e. psychological complaints, were decreased, compared with before swimming.
    Second, flicker fusion values for the whole sample before and after physical loading were not changed by exercise, though swimming tended to decrease flicker fusion values in boys (p<0.05). On the other hand, the flicker fusion value tended to increase in girls (p<0.05).
    Third, the excretion of urine per hour was increased (p<0.05) after swimming in an exercise-dependent manner, though the specific gravity of urine significantly decreased (p<0.01).
    Finally, urinary pH tended to decrease in boys but did not change in girls after swimming, and the concentration of urinary protein was significantly lower after swimming (p<0.01).
    Download PDF (2303K)
  • Daiji SAITO, Katashi MATSUBARA, Hiroshi YAMANARI, Shoichi HARAOKA
    1990 Volume 102 Issue 11-12 Pages 1241-1251
    Published: 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Isointegral maps (area maps) were recorded for 262 normal adults aged 20 to 81, and sex and age differences in the maps were analyzed.
    Men showed significantly larger QRS, QRST and STT area maps than women in the region from the left anterior to the left lateral chest. Age differences in the STT and QRST area maps were observed in men but not in women: younger men had larger maps in the region of the left anterior chest when compared with older males.
    Download PDF (4829K)
  • Yujiro ARAO
    1990 Volume 102 Issue 11-12 Pages 1253-1259
    Published: 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The usefulness of avirulent strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in investigations of latency was examined. Trigeminal ganglia (TG) latently infected with HSV-1 were obtained more efficiently from mice inoculated with an avirulent strain, SKO-1B, than from those inoculated with a virulent strain, F. Moreover, utilization of two avirulent strains, SKO-1B and -GCr Miyama, allowed us to compare the rate of reactivatable latency (RL) in these strains. Cultivation of explants of TG recovered from mice inoculated with the same dose of either infectious virus revealed a significant difference in the rate of RL between the two strains. Both strains were revealed to be neither hypersensitive nor resistant to acyclovir, indicating that the difference in the rate of RL between the two strains was not due to any deficient activity of viral ribonucleotide reductase and/or thymidine kinase. The recovery rate of the -GCr virus from explants of TG latently infected with this virus was greatly enhanced by treatment of the explants with sodium n-butyrate during in vitro cultivation. As such, at least one of the mechanisms responsible for causing a very low rate of RL in TG infected with -GCr Miyama may be reduced expression of immediate-early genes of this virus in latently infected cells in vitro.
    Download PDF (364K)
  • Tadamichi MEGURO, Kunihiko ISHII, Kanji TAKAGI, Masana OGATA
    1990 Volume 102 Issue 11-12 Pages 1261-1265
    Published: 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Variation in the incidence and causal factors of Japanese Encephalitis in Okayama Prefecture from 1950 to 1989 were surveyed, with results revealing, first, that incidence rates of Japanese Encephalitis peaked first in 1950 and then again in 1956 and 1964, with cases of Japanese Encephalitis rarely found since 1971.
    Second, positivity rates of hemoagglutination inhibition antibody tests decreased after July 1967.
    Third, the numbers of swine per pigsty has increased annually, indicating that large-scale pigsties have been constructed.
    Fourth, the prevalence of culex tritaeniorhynchus decreased beginning in 1965 though it has gradually recovered since 1974.
    Fifth, the vaccination rate of the inhibitants of the area increased beginning in 1957, peaked in 1967, and has since gradually declined.
    Finally, the relationship between changes in causal factors of Japanese Encephalitis and the declining incidence of the latter in Okayama Prefecture since 1966 are discussed.
    Download PDF (200K)
  • Youji KOBAYASHI
    1990 Volume 102 Issue 11-12 Pages 1267-1273
    Published: 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A human monoclonal antibody (IgG) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was established within 3 weeks after fusion of patient lymphocytes and human myeloma WIL2-86 cells. This method is useful in establishing human monoclonal antibodies for infectious bacteria of a variety of antigenicities and allows for use of such antibodies as immunotherapeutic drugs in chronically infected patients.
    The opsonic effect of the monoclonal antibody we established was 1.8-fold higher than that of commercially available immunoglobulin drugs. Since the established human monoclonal antibody recognizes serotype M, which has not yet been produced, the antibody may be used as a part of immunotherapeutic drug “cocktail”.
    Download PDF (2080K)
  • Mitsunori TSUKIOKI
    1990 Volume 102 Issue 11-12 Pages 1275-1286
    Published: 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A rat model of halothane-induced hepatotoxicity was produced by exposure of phenobarbital-pretreated male Wistar rats to halothane (0.5%) for two hours under conditions of hypoxia (10% oxygen). In this model elevated serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) were observed. Hepatic injury was not apparent in any phenobarbital-pretreated rat exposed to halothane (0.5%) in 20% oxygen or to hypoxia alone (10% oxygen).
    Administration of zinc sulfate (Zn: 1 or 2 mg/kg im) 24 hours prior to inhalation of halothane in 10% oxygen resulted in protection against halothane-induced hepatotoxicity. The release of GOT, GPT, and OCT into plasma was markedly lower in rats pretreated with zinc sulfate (1 or 2 mg/kg) than in saline pretreated rats.
    At the same time, administration of a single dose (1 or 2 mg/kg) of zinc produced 380% and 800% increases in the hepatic concentration of metallothionein-Zn before exposure to halothane (0.5%) in 10% oxygen, respectively, and similar doses produced 45% and 30% decreases in the hepatic concentration of metallothionein-Zn following exposure to halothane (0.5%) in 10% oxygen for two hours, respectively.
    This suggests that metallothionein-Zn may play a role in protection against halothane-induced hepatotoxicity.
    Download PDF (2132K)
  • Part 1. Experimental evaluation
    Atsuhiko TADA
    1990 Volume 102 Issue 11-12 Pages 1287-1297
    Published: 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Experimental evaluation of a new chemosensitivity test using a subrenal capsule assays (SRC) was performed. The effects of various immunosuppressants-cyclosporin A (CSA), cyclophosphamide, whole body irradiation, and Bredinin were studied using human small cell lung cancer cell line (SBC-3) serially transplanted in nude mice. A significant degree of host cell infiltration was seen in tumor fragments implanted under the renal capsule of immunocompetent mice. However, treatment with immunosuppressants effectively suppressed the host immune reaction. The most effective immunosuppressant was CSA at 60mg/kg. We compared the antitumor activities of CDDP, MMC, VP-16, ADM, CPA, and VCR against SBC-3 using SRC and clonogenic assays. SRC was performed using mice administered CSA 60mg/kg. Chemotherapeutic agents (1/2 LD10) were administered on day 1 and antitumor activities were evaluated on day 6 after implantation. The results of the assays were well-correlated except with VCR.
    Download PDF (2047K)
  • Part 2. Clinical evaluation in fresh human lung cancer
    Atsuhiko TADA
    1990 Volume 102 Issue 11-12 Pages 1299-1307
    Published: 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Clinical evaluation of a new chemosensitivity test using a subrenal capsule assay was performed. Chemosensitivity testing by SRC was performed on 28 fresh human lung cancer tissue samples. Eight of 10 cases were evaluable in squamous cell carcinoma, 3 of 11 in adenocarcinoma, 3 of 5 in small cell carcinoma, and 0 of 2 in other lung cancers. The factors affecting the evaluable assay rate were the abundance of cancer cells in tumor specimens and the tumor histological type. More cases of squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma were evaluable than of adenocarcinoma. In evaluable cases, tumor volume regression over 50% was seen in 4 of 14 assays using CDDP, 3 of 12 with CPA, and 6 of 11 with ADM. Regression over 70% was seen in 3 of 14 with CDDP, 1 of 12 with CPA, and 1 of 11 with ADM. In the drug-treated groups, tumor regression rates and histological effects were only weakly correlated.
    Download PDF (522K)
  • Part 1. Inhibitory effect of Saiboku-to on type IV allergy in intractable asthma
    Ryosuke EDA
    1990 Volume 102 Issue 11-12 Pages 1309-1321
    Published: 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In an effort to clarify the clinical and pharmacological effects of Saiboku-to in intractable asthmatics, the effect of a 6 month administration of Saiboku-to on the production of antigen-specific lymphokines were studied.
    The results revealed, first, that a significant decrease in attacks and steroid-sparing effects were obtained after 3 to 4 months administration of Saiboku-to (P<0.05). Second, peripheral blood lymphocyte blastogenesis by Candida was significantly suppressed after 3 months (P<0.05), though it was not by PHA. Moreover interleukin 2 (IL-2) production and neutrophil chemotatic activity (NCA) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by Candida were significantly decreased after 3 months (P<0.01), but not by PHA. Third, in vitro production of both IL-2 and NCA by Candida were suppressed in a dose dependent manner and the augmented expression of IL-2 receptors by Candida was decreased by Saiboku-to.
    These results suggest that the action mechanism of Saiboku-to in intractable asthma seems to be the suppression of type IV allergy. Therefore Saiboku-to therapy might be a useful treatment for intractable asthma due to its relatively less serious side effects as compared with corticosteroids.
    Download PDF (2792K)
  • Part 2. Evaluation of the pharmacological action of various Kampo Medicines on lymphocyte and neutrophil functions in intractable asthmatics
    Ryosuke EDA
    1990 Volume 102 Issue 11-12 Pages 1323-1332
    Published: 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The pharmacological action of Sho-saiko-to and Hange-koboku-to, components of Saiboku-to, as well as that of Sho-seiryu-to were compared with that of Saiboku-to and examined in intractable asthmatics with respect to both lymphocyte functions, including interleukin 2 (IL-2) production and IL-2 receptor expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by Candida, and on neutrophil functions, including leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and superoxide (O2-) production by peripheral blood neutrophils.
    The results revealed, first, that, Sho-saiko-to, Hange-koboku-to, and Sho-seiryu-to did not have significant suppressive effects on IL-2 production and IL-2 receptor expression by Candia, though Saiboku-to caused significant suppression of these same parameters. Second, after 2 or 3 months oral administration to intractable asthmatics Saiboku-to (TJ-96) suppressed LTC4 production by peripheral blood neutrophils in response to Candida and Ca-ionophore. Third, in vitro, Saiboku-to caused dose-dependent suppression of both LTC4 and O2- production by peripheral blood neutrophils. Sho-saiko-to and Sho-seiryu-to also had suppressive effects on both LTC4 and O2- production, with Sho-saiko-to causing the strongest suppression among these drugs.
    These results indicate that Saiboku-to might be useful in the treatment of intractable asthma due to its suppressive effect on type IV allergy caused by lymphocyte activation by Candida. Moreover, its inhibitory effect of LTC4 and O2- production by neutrophils prevents prolonged broncho-constriction and irreversible changes in small airways.
    Download PDF (4226K)
  • Histochemical and immunoenzyme-histochemical analysis
    Takanobu WAKABAYASHI
    1990 Volume 102 Issue 11-12 Pages 1333-1343
    Published: 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study was performed to determine whether disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) contributes to the pathogenesis of acute renal failure. Based on clinical feature informations including laboratory tests, 73 cases were selected from among 3, 769 cases autopsied between 1969 and 1984 at Okayama University Medical School and Himeji Red Cross Hospital. The 73 cases were composed of 66 cases of clinically diagnosed acute renal failure and 7 cases without renal failure serving as controls.
    The renal tissue sections stained by histochemistry (PTAH) or immunoenzyme-histochemistry (Fibrinogen, FDP-D and-E) were examined in order to detect Fibrin-Related Materials (FRMs) in the glomerular capillaries and tubuli. Microscopic observation revealed that the staining intensity of FRMs by immunoenzyme-histochemistry was much greater than that by histochemistry, but no marked difference existed between Fibrinogen and FDP in that regard. FRMs were negative in all control cases. In contrast, FRMs were positive in 59 cases (89.4%) of acute renal failure, though FRMs were detected in the glomeruli only in 8 cases (12.1%), tubuli only in 20 (30.3%), and in both the glomeruli and tubuli in 31 cases (47%).
    These results sugessted that DIC contributes pathophysiologically to the induction of acute renal failure.
    Download PDF (6381K)
  • Fumio IZUSHI
    1990 Volume 102 Issue 11-12 Pages 1345-1350
    Published: 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In attempting to clarify the toxicity of chlordane, its effects on respiratory activities in hepatic mitochondria and on electron transport in sonicated submitochondrial particles were examined.
    State 3 and 4 respiration, and DNP-released respiration were inhibited by chlordane compounds, with the ranked degree of inhibition was in descending order being, trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, and heptachlor. The inhibitory effects of chlordane were more remarkable in the presence of succinate as a respiratory substrate than in the presence of β-hydroxybutylate or ascorbate. Heptachlor also decreased cytochrome C reduction by NADH-cytochrome C reductase. The results suggest that chlordane does not seem to be a specific inhibitor such as cyanide, rotenone, or antimycin A.
    Download PDF (274K)
  • Takumi TSUTSUI
    1990 Volume 102 Issue 11-12 Pages 1351-1371
    Published: 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This experiment was designed to clarify the neurogenic control of the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DM), the reticular formation of the midbrain (MBRF), and the reticular formation of the medulla oblongata (MORF) on cerebrovascular tonus. Using 56 cats, electrodes were inserted into the DM, MBRF, and MORF, the latter stimulated, and the vasomotor centers subsequently coagulated with the lesions in the DM and MBRF enlarged. The effect of increasing the number of lesions coagulated simultaneously was also examined. The MORF was stimulated just after the DM and MBRF were coagulated simultaneously. Blood pressure (BP), intracranial pressure (ICP), and cerebral blood volume (CBV) were continuously measured. A transient decrease in BP and increases in ICP and CBV were observed at insertion. Simultaneous increases in BP, ICP, and CBV were induced by stimulation. Temporary decrease in BP and increases in ICP and CBV were observed with coagulation in the DM and MBRF. Transient increases in BP, ICP, and CBV were induced by coagulation of the MORF. Increasing the size and number of lesions led to changes in BP, ICP, and CBV being magnified. The combination of MORF stimulation and coagulation of DM and MBRF also increased ICP transiently. These results suggested that the areas stimulated and/or coagulated in the DM, MBRF, and MORF play an important role in decreasig cerebral vasomotor tonus.
    Download PDF (16585K)
  • Yuji OKAMURA
    1990 Volume 102 Issue 11-12 Pages 1373-1384
    Published: 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The naturally-occurring dicarboxylic amino acids, L-glutamate (Glu) and L-aspartate, are the principal neurotransmitter candidates for excitatory synaptic transmission in vertebrate central nervous systems. The receptors activated by these amino acids are classified by their most selective and potent agonists, i.e., N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA), kainic acid, and quisqualic acid.
    In this study, I examined the effects of NMDA on behavior, electroencephalogram (EEG), and brain amino acids levels after intraventricular injection in mice. When NMDA was intraventricularly injected into mice, running fits were observed 10-30 seconds after injection, followed by a sedative phase and returned to a normal behavior within 15-20 minutes after injection. In the EEG, middle voltage fast waves were observed 10-20 seconds after injection, followed by EEG suppression for a few minutes and the appearance of high voltage slow waves 4-5 minutes after injection. About 20 minutes after the injection the EEG was normal. No spike discharge was observed during this observation. Glu levels increased in the hippocampus during running fits, while GABA levels decreased in the cerebellum and hippocampus before running fits, and increased in the cerebellum 10 minutes after NMDA injection. The taurine level decreased in the striatum before running fits. All amino acids observed recovered to control levels 60 minutes after NMDA injection. These results indicate that the NMDA-induced running fits are not accompanied by spike discharges in the EEG, and are related to Glu and GABA neurons.
    Download PDF (627K)
  • 1990 Volume 102 Issue 11-12 Pages e1
    Published: 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (15K)
feedback
Top